Watakila, mahaliccin wannan irin apples, suna ganin kyawawan haske, tare da nuna kyamacin 'ya'yan itace masu rai na yanayin itace, sunaye shi don girmamawa na birancin Girkanci na biyu.
Bisa ga wannan, zai fi dacewa a ba shi suna "Dryad" - don girmama gandun daji da bishiyoyi, amma a shekara ta 2002 ya shiga cikin Jihar Register karkashin sunan "Nymph".
Tarihin kiwo
Ana fitowa da wani sabon nau'in, kamar haihuwar jaruntaka na tarihi, tare da wani labari mai wuya. An yi shi a cikin Cibiyar Nazarin Zonal na Noma na Arewa Caucasus, ta amfani da maye gurbin artificial da cloning na iri da aka sani - Rennet Simirenko 17-36 da Kuban spur.
A yayin da ake haifar da ƙwaya, ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire sun shafi nau'o'in mutagenic (ultraviolet, sunadarai, pollen mai nisa), sannan kuma an zabi samfurori mafi yawa. Wannan tsarin ya inganta tsarin aiwatar da zaɓin halaye masu fifiko:
- daga iri-iri Renet Simirenko 17-36 - farkon shiga cikin lokaci na haifa, ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace, girman' ya'yan itatuwa, "kyakkyawan" halayensu, rashin haƙuri na fari;
- daga Kuban iri-iri iri - yawan amfanin ƙasa, karamin kambi, 'ya'yan itace mai muhimmanci, gabatarwa, mafi yawan rayuwa a yankuna na Arewa Caucasus da kudancin Rasha.
Yawancin nau'ikan da aka halicce su sun hada da abin da iyayensa ke da wuya - haɓakawa zuwa powdery mildew da scab. Duk da haka, shari'ar aikin lambu ya yi aiki: "yara" idan aka kwatanta da "iyaye" ko da yaushe suna ba da wuri.
Da iri-iri Nymph ya kasance mai ban sha'awa ga yankunan kudancin, kuma, musamman, ga lambun gajeren lokaci.
Ƙarin gajeren gajeren lambun kuma yana samuwa ga lambu.
An kirkiro ra'ayin wani ɗan gajeren gajeren gajeren yanayi don dasa masana'antu na itatuwa masu 'ya'ya don inganta hanyoyin sarrafa matro. An tabbatar da su a yankuna kudancin kasar kuma an ba da shawara ga gonaki da gonar lambu. Babban yanayin shi ne shimfidar jiki a cikin gonar.
Ma'anar wannan hanya na girma 'ya'yan itace shine ƙirƙirar tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire - "' ya'yan itace" don shekaru 10-12. A wannan lokaci, iri da ke farawa na tsawon shekaru 1-2, ya shafe ayyukansu.
Rashin rassan bishiyoyi suna girma, tsinkaya, rage damar samun haske ga rassan ciki, sun daina yin 'ya'ya. An rufe gonar. Tushen fita. Sun bar shi a ƙarƙashin tururi, ko amfanin gonar shuka a wannan shafin, kuma a cikin shekaru 2-3 suna shuka sabon shuka.
Taimako: Ginin bango ya kamata ya fi fadi da mita 1.5 kuma ya wuce tsawon mita 2. A wannan yanayin, za a iya yin aikin aikin lambu.
Da iri-iri Nymph, kamar babu sauran, yana da mafi kyauta ga lambuna na irin wannan.
Bayani na iri-iri Nymph
- Nymph tana nufin marigayi iri-iri masu kayan zaki. Yankin kudancin Rasha da Caucasus baya buƙatar matsanancin hunturu da farkon matuƙar. A iri-iri daidai da zuwa steppe da kuma gandun daji-steppe zones, a kai tsaye daidai da ingancin ƙasa.
- Fruiting sa farawa da wuri. Daga shekara ta 3 na rayuwa, ya riga ya shirya ya ba 100 centers a kowace hectare, kuma a cikin hawan haifa - fiye da 400 centers a kowace hectare.
- Da iri-iri yana da fifiko na kowa a tsakanin itatuwan apple - rashin rashin haihuwa. Yawan aiki zai kai ga mafi yawan samfurin kawai idan an dasa bishiyoyi iri iri na iri iri: Prikubanskoe, Aydored, Peach, Kuban Spur, Zarnitsa ko Korey. Irin wannan hulɗa da pollinators ya kamata a dogara ne akan:
- sharudda na yau da kullum na flowering da fruiting:
- musamman halaye na yankin;
- daidaituwa na yanayin ci gaba na bishiyoyi da kuma rayuwa.
- Girbi apples Nymph faruwa a farkon Oktoba (kafin bikin na Ceto). Kyakkyawan inganci na tsawon lokaci "bulge" (har zuwa ƙarshen bazara), saboda matasan mabukaci ya zo daga baya. Babu wani asarar ɓangaren amfanin gona a lokacin ajiya. Apples jure yanayin sufuri.
- Apples Nymph suna da kyakkyawar gabatarwa, wanda yayi daidai da kashi 95 cikin dari na yawan yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka cire.
- Neman aikin zaɓi shi ne rigakafi na iri-iri zuwa cututtuka na fungal.
Yana da muhimmanci: Sabbin nau'o'in basu adana halayen halayen, sabili da haka ba zasu iya ninka ta tsaba ba. Ga waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da cloning - amfani da vegetative ta hanyar grafting, grafting, rooting cuttings.
- Babban da kyau apples Nymph - storehouse na sabo ne bitamin. Ana nuna su don amfani da mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya. A cikin tsari, sun zo ga mai sayarwa a cikin nau'i na juices, jams, abincin baby, ruwan inabi, jelly da marmalade.
Don Nastya, Winter Beauty, A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar jarumi, Orlik da Aromatny sun kasance cikin yanayin hunturu.
Hotuna
Ƙari a fili ganin nau'in apples apples Nymphs na iya zama a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Ayyukan
Ayyukan ƙayyadaddun ayyuka suna ƙaddamar da siffofi na "iyaye", samar da itace maimakon takaice. Crohn taso, tare da rassan rassan. Tushen kankara a cikin tsawon lokaci ya zarce nisa na kambi, wannan yana baka damar ƙayyade nisa mafi kyau tsakanin tsintsi a lokacin dasa.
Haushi yana da launi mai laushi-launin toka, mai laushi. Rassan na uku tsari shine launin ruwan kasa. Harbe ne madaidaiciya da kuma lokacin farin ciki. A bara - suna shirye don fruiting.
By tsakiyar spring farin buds bayyana daga kananan-dimbin yawa manyan buds na kananan pubescence. A lokacin flowering, sai su juya cikin manyan furanni da furanni masu launin ruwan hoda.
Ganye-kore ganye suna da jagged baki da kuma wrinkled surface. Takarda, a matsayin mai mulkin, an tura shi zuwa sama, ba shi da wata balaga, ta kasance a kan ɗan gajere.
Babban janye daga itacen apple - 'ya'yan itace. Apples suna da m size (nauyi har zuwa 300g). Fuskar haske mai haske fata a gefen rana yana shafe ta da musafiya mai laushi. A ƙarƙashin fata, manyan yatsun launuka suna bayyana, kamar a cikin iyaye iri-iri Simirenko.
Dawowar Moscow Winter, Orlovim, Orlovsky, Orylsky iri-iri da kuma Orlinka iri na iya yin fariya tare da manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Kyakkyawan murfin kakin zuma a kan wani duni mai yawa yana nuna nau'i-nau'in hunturu. Kyakkyawan ingancin apple na inganta ɓangaren litattafan almara mai kyau, mai dandano yana da kyau. Fiye da lokaci, a cikin ɓauren ƙanshin ƙanshi da haske daga cikin dandano yana ƙaruwa.
Ƙarfi da raunana
Abubuwan da ke bayyane na iri iri sun hada da:
- daidaitawar muhalli;
- farkon shirye-shirye don fruiting;
- immunity zuwa cuta, duka a lokacin girma da lokacin ajiya;
- dandano mai ban sha'awa;
- zaɓi jakar kasuwanci;
- rayuwa mai tsawo;
- portability na sufuri;
- abincin abinci.
Akwai aya daya kawai, amma mun kuma kawar da shi: rashin iyawa don yin nazari.
Yana da muhimmanci: Kula da pollinator a cikin radius na 2 km (yankin na jirgin na kudan zuma don cin hanci).
Irin wadannan halaye suna da wadannan nau'o'in: Nastya, Narodnoe, Medunitsa, Starkrimson da Maris.
Saukowa
Babu wasu bukatun musamman don alamun da aka bayyana. Amma ga sauran itatuwan apple, kwanakin kaka da kaka don waɗannan ayyukan suna halatta. In ba haka ba, rami karkashin sapling za a iya shirya daga kaka, cika shi da takin gargajiya.
Nasarar rushewa ya dogara ne a kan abun da ke ciki na kasar gona: amfani da loams da kyau-drained. An rage yawan acidity daga ruwan sanyi ta hanyar karar lemun tsami. Rashin mummunar tasirin ruwan teku zai taimaka wajen dakatar da bishiyoyi a kan ginshiƙan wucin gadi, garurori, abubuwan da aka sa a cikin ƙasa. Don haka yi da ƙarancin ƙasa.
Dasa tsire-tsire itace mafi kyau daga bishiyoyi, kuma ba a maimakon raskorchevki ba. Kowane itacen apple yana ƙaunar rana da kariya daga iska mai karfi, saboda haka zai zama da sauƙi a gare ta a kan gado na waje a waje da bangon gidan.
Idan kuna so, za ku iya samun itatuwan da yawa daga wannan seedling. Domin wannan zan yi amfani da hanyar haifuwa ta hanyar layering. An dasa shuki shekara-shekara a cikin rassan a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin, kuma a cikin idon ruwa an rusa shi ƙasa kuma an dasa shi a ƙasa, yana yayyafa harbe. An yi nazari a hankali a duk tsawon lokacin da aka yanke shi don haka yana da tushe, kuma bazara ta gaba zai rigaya ya rabu kuma an canja shi zuwa wani wuri.
Tip: Yi aiki sosai da gonarka tare da sababbin irin itatuwan apple, la'akari da yanki yanki. Ba zato ba tsammani babban mayakan kwararru na aiki a kan kiwo. Tare da sababbin nau'o'in, jin daɗin samuwa mai girma da kuma taimako daga damuwa da damuwa da damuwa zai zo gonar ku.
Kula
Tsarin kulawa da tsire-tsire na itacen apple ya ƙunshi na yau da kullum, a duk tsawon lokacin girma, ayyukan:
- watering;
- yanki;
- taki;
- rigakafin cutar;
- shiri don lokacin sanyi.
M watering - akalla sau 5 ta kakar. Kowace lokaci, har zuwa buƙan ruwa 5 ana zuba a ƙarƙashin ganga. Don ƙarancin ruwan sha, watering an riga an riga ta shigo zuwa zurfin 20cm. Za'a iya yin amfani da Humidification tare da juyi na lambu a cikin wani tsagi wanda aka shirya ta da'irar pristvolny, ko kuma tare da sprinkler. A wannan yanayin, an wanke ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa daga turbaya da kwari.
Daidaitaccen tafarki shine hanya mai mahimmanci don cimma matsayi mai yawa. Manufarta:
- rage girman itacen, domin saukaka kulawa da girbi;
- ƙara yawan hasken hasken rana zuwa jerin tsararraki masu kyau;
- samar da kariya daga cututtuka da kwari;
- inganta ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da gabatarwarsu.
Yana da muhimmanci: Ana yin shuki a gaban ruwan itace a cikin itace. Alamarsa tana busa kodan.
Baya ga pruning, pinching da pinching ana amfani. Da hannu cire kore harbe cewa thicken da kambi ake kira pasynkovaniem. Yana da gaske ƙaddamar da ƙoƙarin da za a yi a lokacin da waɗannan harbe suka zama m.
Hanya kuma aiki ne mai sauki da za a iya yi kawai tare da fingernail: an cire tip na shoot a wani wuri na farko. Late? Dole ne muyi amfani da mai sabanin.
Basal saman miya na Nymph iri-iri ne da za'ayi tare da ma'adinai da kuma takin gargajiya bisa ga shawarwarin da yawa. Don yin samfurin su na ruwa ko granular akwai tsarin da aka tsara da kuma girke-girke a cikin rabbai. Dole ne a bi shi daidai da fasalin yanayin rayuwa.
Da iri-iri Nymph a lokacin kiwo an riga an kare shi daga cututtuka. Amfani mai amfani zai zama tsinkar launin fata na tsintsa tare da maganin lemun tsami ko lambun fenti. Zai kare itacen daga kunar rana a cikin Fabrairu-Maris kuma ya hana yaduwa da haushi, wanda zai kara yiwuwar shigarwa da furotin da kuma kwari a ƙarƙashinsa.
Duk da haka, bayani game da kwari na kwari na apple orchards, kamar 'ya'yan itace, tsire-tsire apple, asu, hawthorn da silkworms, na iya zama da amfani gare ku.
A lokacin farin ciki na girbi ga iri-iri Nymph za a yi amfani da shi don ya dace da babban biki na Ceto. A lokacin da aka bushe bushe, za a iya kwashe apples a cikin kwalaye kuma a tsabtace su.
Kalmar balagaginsu na zamani ba za ta zo nan da nan ba. A wannan lokacin, za'a riga an adana su a cikin ɗakunan ajiya tare da yawan zafin jiki na kusa da 0 ° C. Kuma har zuwa Mayu, wadanda suka tashe su kuma suka ƙaunace su za su sauka don 'ya'yan itatuwa.
