Dabbobi masu dogara ga lambun Rasha - plum "Blue Gift"

A cikin lambun lambun da ke tsakiya na Rasha babu itatuwan plum. 'Ya'yanta suna da hadaddun ƙwayoyi masu warkarwa, dandano mai dadi da aiki iri-iri.

Me yasa plum na lambu na baya primacy na apple da ceri?

Dalilin shi ne marigayi flowering samobzplodnyh iri, wanda rasa mai dace pollinator da kuma lokaci don pollination.

Halin shine rashin fata na saukowa. Hanyar fita daga halin da ake ciki shi ne zaɓi na sabon samfurori masu zaman kansu wanda aka halicce su musamman don Tsakanin Tsakiyar.

Tarihin kiwo

A cikin tsarin ilimin kimiyya na duniya, akwai nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'in jinsi guda iri dabam-dabam, duk da cewa a cikin halayen su, hakika, akwai alamomin magajin daji. Wannan shi ne gida, Sinanci da Rasha.

Su kakanninsu na daji sun bayyana dubban shekaru da suka wuce saboda sakamakon ladabi maras kyau na ceri plums:

• a cikin Balkans, a Tsakiya da Asiya Ƙananan, wakilin gidan jinsin gida;
• a cikin Far East da kuma a cikin yankin Amur - Ussurian plum;
• willow plum a arewacin kasar Sin;
• a yankunan dutse na Arewacin Amirka - plum;
• a arewacin Arewa maso Yammacin Amirka - Kanar Kanada.

Dukansu sun hada da su a cikin tsari na zaɓin, babban maƙasudin shine ya ba da 'ya'yan itace masu kyau, don rarraba plum a matsayin jinsunan a arewacin yankunan da kuma daidaita shi zuwa noma masana'antu.

Hanyoyin da aka haifa daga Adriatic sun zo Turai da Rasha a matsayin dakin gida. Wani sabon mataki a cikin halittar jinsin gida na wannan jinsin ya fara ne a cikin gwaje-gwajen na I.V. Michurin.

An yi maganin alurar bishiyoyi tare da Ussuri dick kuma sun zama cikakkun sunaye iri-iri. Rasha plums. Sinanci plum ya wuce ta wurin noma a Cibiyar Kudancin California, a kan hanyar hayewa da irin nau'o'in Amirka.

Halaye na iri-iri

An yi rajistar gidaje iri-iri na "Blue Gift" a cikin Jihar Register kwanan nan a shekara ta 2001, kuma an bada shawara don gabatarwa a yankin tsakiyar.

Abubuwan halayen da suka dace da wannan yanayin yanayi sun samo a cikin wadannan iyaye biyu:

Iri-iri "Ochakovskaya rawaya" ("Latvian yellow kwai") - Wani tsohon farin plum cultivar girma a kudancin Rasha, Belarus da kuma Baltic States.

Kwayoyin cuta:

• juiciness na zaki da 'ya'yan itatuwa na launin ruwan kasa launi;
• samar da ladabi;
• yawan amfanin ƙasa (har zuwa 80 kg kowace itace).

Abubuwa marasa amfani:

• rashin jin kai;
• zubar da fashewa na matuka masu girma;
• kulawa da hankali;
• damuwa na flower buds a lokacin bazara frosts.

Daban-iri "Tsarancin Timiryazev" - VSTISiP mai matukar bayani mai ƙaura, wanda aka rajista a cikin Jihar Register tun 1959.

Abũbuwan amfãni:

• karuwanci;
• Kasuwanci mai kyau da kuma samfurin masu amfani da nauyin 'ya'yan itatuwa kusan (dadin dandano - 4.2);
• Girma mai girbi tare da ƙananan saɓani a cikin tsari;
• juriya ga cututtukan fungal;
• da damar da samfurin ya samu don farfadowa daga sakamakon mummunan yanayi.

Abubuwa mara kyau:

• low hard winter.

Abubuwan halayen da sabon matasan ya gada:

• ƙaddamar da wani itace mai ƙananan, wanda aka kimantawa a cikin gonar masana'antu;
• karuwanci;
• yawan amfanin ƙasa na yau da kullum;
• kayayyaki kyakkyawa na duniya 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, tare da sauƙi mai cire kashi;
• gane muhimmancin matsayin shuka zuma a ƙarshen lokacin bazara;
• hunturu hardiness na maki 2.5;
• jure wa cututtuka irin na jinsuna - maki 2-3.5.
• Rashin haɓaka ɗaya shine: 'ya'yan itatuwa sun yi yawa.

Hanyoyin iri-iri don itatuwan lambu na Middle Belt ya kamata a dogara ne akan ka'idodi guda uku: 'ya'yan itace, yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙwaƙwalwar hunturu. Ɗaya ba tare da sauran ba ce wani abu mara kyau.

Bayyana fasalin Blue kyauta

Tsire-tsire na matsakaici (har zuwa m 3). akwatin da aka rufe da launin toka, mummunan haushi ya zama shtamb (60cm); kambi na matsakaicin yawa, m a siffar. Raƙuman raƙuman rassan sunyi girma da kambi.

Ƙananan matasan suna madaidaiciya, launin launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, tare da launi mai haske, da kera harsuna da furanni. Nau'i biyu na buds (vegetative da generative) suna da matsakaicin matsakaici kuma sun ƙi daga shoot; tsananin hardening ya karu.

Ganye suna duhu ne, matsakaici-sized, lanceolate, tare da scape na matsakaici girman; launi na farantin shagali a gefen gaba da kuma birni a baya; baki maras kyau, ƙarancin ƙyalle.

Furen fararen fata ne, pyatilepestkovy, a kan wani dutse mai launin fata, wanda aka tattara a cikin wani bouquet of inflorescences; kwayoyi guda ɗaya da rabi suna wakiltar gabar namiji kuma suna tsaye a saman launi na pistil (sashin jikin mace), wanda ya ba da izinin furen kansa.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari:

• ƙananan (14 grams), cikakke launi-violet launi tare da m touch of prune;
• Oval siffar, elongated, tare da dan kadan pronounced ciki suture;
• an haɗa shi zuwa wani reshe na tsaka-tsaki na matsakaici;
• jiki na 'ya'yan itace ba mai dadi ba ne, m, rawaya-kore, tare da kashi mai ragu;
• kashi kashi 7% da nauyin plum;
• dandano yana haɗakar da ƙanshi tare da muni kuma an kiyasta a sikelin dandanawa na maki 4.

Tsarin bishiyoyi don fruiting - 4 shekara daga saukowa. Yawan kwanan wata ya dace da ranar ashirin ga watan Agusta.

Tsara halin yawan amfanin ƙasa mai girma (har zuwa 35kg daga itace). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun dace da sabon amfani, bushewa, daskarewa da sarrafawa.

Duration na yawancin itace yana da shekara 21.

Ba wanda zai yi mamaki da pear ya dasa itace a bishiya, ko wani ceri wanda aka sanya shi a kan dutse. A shekara ta 2008, masanin ilimin halitta na Amurka ya dasa nau'in nau'in nau'in dutse guda 40 a itace guda daya, wanda ya yi girma a cikin launuka daban-daban kuma yayi 'ya'ya a hanyoyi daban-daban. Saboda haka ya yi ƙoƙari ya ceci 'yan zuriyar da ke cikin hatsari.

Hotuna

Dubi wasu hotunan hoton "Blue Gift" a kasa:

Kula

A matsayin gida mai suna "Blue Gift" ya karbi dukkan kayan aikin gona na shuka da kula da itatuwan 'ya'yan itace na wannan jinsin. Shin zai yiwu a dasa shi a gefen ɓangaren gangara, saboda yana son danshi, amma kada kuyi tsammanin zai kasance tare da damuwa na ruwa mai narkewa a cikin bazara ko ruwan karkashin kasa a sararin sama.

Ta na son zaman lafiya daga iska mai karfi, amma, ƙwaƙwalwar ƙaƙƙarwarta ta maƙwabtanta (apple trees, pears), suna barazana ga rashin karuwa a cikin "tsaka-tsakin" da rage yawan aiki.

Hanyoyi masu kyau na 'ya'yan itace zasu dogara ne akan adadin rana da zafi, wanda ya faɗo a lokacin girkewa.

Tsarin kulawa na musamman:

1. Bishiya na itace yana da nau'i ɗaya wanda zai iya halakar da shi a cikin rana mai yawa: ƙwarewar haushi. Wannan yana faruwa da girma girma na itace ko zazzabi ya sauko a kan iyakar bazara da hunturu, lokacin da murfin waje na gangar jikin yana fashewa tare da itace mai ƙaruwa ko haushi mai tsanani da rana ta haɗuwa da shi a cikin dare.
2. Idan fasa a cikin akwati yayi girma a wannan kakar, babu hatsari ga plum. Amma zafi na busassun lokacin rani, wanda ya maye gurbin sauyawa, ya zama babban dalilin dalili akan mutuwar shuka daga haɗuwa da haushi: kamuwa da cuta zai iya shiga cikin fasa, ta hanyar su fara girma, ƙwayoyin sun bushe. Wannan yana da haɗari musamman a lokacin yaduwar ruwan.

Tsarin kariya - ruwan sanyi a cikin shekaru 8 na rayuwa na plum, lokacin da haushi a kan katako an yanke shi da wuka mai kaifi kamar yadda yake da mita 20. Tsarin da aka yanke ba zai wuce lokacin farin ciki ba, kuma furrows suna yada tare da filin lambun, kuma suna maimaita wannan hanya kowace shekaru 4.

"Blue kyauta" - nau'in abin dogara ga lambun Rasha, sabili da haka - kyauta. To, zai canza launin shudi ne kawai a ƙarshen lokacin rani, lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa suka fara.