Lavatera shine fure shekara-shekara ko kuma tsiro na shekaru daga dangin Malvaceae. A cikin daji, ana iya samun sa a kudanci Turai ko Arewacin Afirka. Baya ga manyan nau'in, akwai wasu nau'ikan da yawa masu ban sha'awa tare da launuka daban-daban na fure. Sauki ga kula, unpretentious shuka siffofin m thickets, yalwa rufe da manyan furanni kama da gramophones. Ana iya samun mutanen Lavater a ƙarƙashin sunayen "hatma" ko "fure fure". Bushes koyaushe suna da kyakkyawan bayyanar kayan ado kuma sun dace da lambu a cikin yanayin dabi'a da kuma girmar tukunya.
Bayanin Shuka
Lavatera yana da rhizome mai kauri sosai. Madaidaiciya, harbe harbe da aka rufe tare da m duhu kore haushi tashi sama sama da ƙasa. Tsawonsu ya kai cm 30-150. Rassi mai ƙarfi an rufe shi da ganyen ganyen petiolate, an kasu kashi uku. Tsakanin jijiyoyin, farantin ganye ya fi laushi, laushi ko farfajiya. An fentin cikin launin kore mai duhu. A diamita, ganye shine 15-35 cm. Ganyayyaki suna haɓaka gabaɗaya tare da tsawon ƙarshen kara. Manyan samfurori na sama sunyi ƙasa da na kanti.
Lavater ana godiya saboda dogayen fure da yalwatacce. Yana farawa a watan Yuni kuma zai kasance har lokacin sanyi. Corolla mai kamanni mai kauri 5-10 cm tsayi yana kunshe da furanni biyar. Ana iya fentin su a launi ɗaya ko kuma a sami launin ɗanɗano. Itacen fure na tsakiyar zuwa kuma yana da shimfidar wuri. An tattara furanni na Bisexual a cikin sako-sako na tseren fefese a cikin ƙwayoyin ganyayyaki da kuma a saman tushe. Sukan yi fure da dama kuma a hankali suna maye gurbin juna. A tsakiyar furen shine ƙaramin madaidaiciya da ke daidai, an rufe shi da katako mai ƙyalƙyali da ƙamshi.
Fulawa yana tare da ƙanshin tart da ke da sha'awa wanda ke jan hankalin kwari. Lavatera kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma. Bayan pollination, oblate, Drum-kamar iri kwalaye girma. A ciki akwai tsaba masu launin launin toka-baƙar fata waɗanda idan sun girgiza, sai a doke bangon akwatin.
Jinsuna da nau'ikan ado
Halittar Lavatera ta ƙunshi nau'ikan 25. Su za a iya raba cikin shekara-shekara da kuma perennial shuke-shuke. Mafi sau da yawa, yan lambu sun fi son nau'in kayan ado, don haka a zahiri nau'ikan biyu ne kawai suka shahara a al'adu.
Lavatera na shekara-shekara (watanni uku). Tsarin yana dasa bishiyar fure mai tsayi daga 50-120 cm. Hasken ganye mai haske wanda yake haske yana ɗauka tare da tsawon tsawon harbe kuma yayi girma kaɗan. A watan Yuli, fure guda mai dimbin yawa fure mai fure a cikin axils na ganye. Fitilar su ya kai cm 10. Flow yana da tsawo da yawa. Iri:
- Kyau - daji mai tsayi tare da manyan fari, ruwan hoda ko furannin carmine;
- White Sherub - wani dwarf iri-iri (har zuwa 35 cm) tare da manyan dusar ƙanƙan-fari inflorescences;
- Maballin azurfa - daji har zuwa 70 cm babba an rufe shi da furanni masu ruwan shuɗi-ruwan hoda tare da raunin burgundy;
- Tweens Hot mai ruwan hoda - furanni ruwan hoda mai haske mai haske ya tashi akan wani daji har zuwa 40 cm tsayi;
- Tanagra - furanni masu launin shuɗi suna ƙawata ƙawancin daji har zuwa 50 cm tsayi.
Yaren Lavatera (Thuringian). A shrub har zuwa 2 m tsayi ke tsiro a tsaye branched harbe rufe da zuciya-dimbin yawa ko taso keya ganye. A kan ganye da kuma mai tushe akwai tari mai launin toka mai wuya. Sako-sako da tsalle-tsalle na fure-fure na fure daga axils na ganye a tsakiyar watan Yuni. Girman diamita na nimbus shine 1.5-7 cm cm ganyayen wannan nau'in yana da kaddarorin warkarwa. Iri:
- Mystic Marilyn - daji har zuwa 180 cm tsayi an rufe shi da furanni masu launin shuɗi ko violet;
- Bregon maɓuɓɓuga - furanni ruwan hoda tare da ratsi rasberi sun yi fure akan ƙaho mai ƙarfi 1.3 na tsayi;
- Barnsley Baby - wani daji ne mai matsakaicin tsayi yana rufe fari da ruwan hoda.
Girma Lavatera daga Tsaba
Duk nau'in lavatera suna da sauƙin yaduwa ta zuriya. Haka kuma, shuka yana bada babban shuka. Sabili da haka, da zarar ya isa ku shuka shi, ba lallai ne ku damu da saukowa ƙasa ba. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, ana shuka lavater nan da nan a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Suna yin shuka ga Lavater a ƙarshen Afrilu. Yi tazara shafin tare da takin da nitrophos. An rarraba tsaba masu bushe ba tare da magani na farko ba a cikin tsagi zuwa zurfin of cm cm 1. An yayyafa filayen da ƙasa kuma an rufe su. Yana da amfani a rufe su da tsare.
A ƙarshen mako na farko, harbe lavatera ya bayyana, bayan wannan an cire tsari. Lokacin da seedlings girma zuwa 5 cm ba ga tsawo, suna thinned fita. Tsakanin tsire-tsire na manya wajibi ne a lura da nisa na 20-25 cm. Bayan watanni 2.5-3, farkon alamun farkon ya bayyana a kansu. Zuwa farkon farawa a ƙarshen Mayu, seedlings ana riga sun girma.
Wajibi ne a shuka shuki na seedlingsan dabarun shuka a farkon Maris, sannan a watan Mayu manyan tsire-tsire za su kasance cikin shiri don ado na lambun fure. Kwalaye tare da ƙasa mai haske mai haske an shirya su don dasa. An rarraba tsaba a zurfin 1 cm 1. An yayyafa saman duniya da ruwa kuma an rufe shi da gilashi. An sanya greenhouse a cikin haske, wuri mai dumi. Bayan kwanaki 10-15, seedlings suka bayyana. Bayan haka, an cire murfin kuma ƙasa tana bushewa a kai a kai. Lavater yana da matukar damuwa ga yanayin daskarewa, saboda haka ba za ku iya yin gudu a cikin ƙasa ba. Kai tsaye daga akwatin a ƙarshen Mayu, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin wurin dindindin.
Saukowa da kulawa
A cikin bude ƙasa, lavater ya zaɓi ƙasa mai saurin ƙasa da wuraren buɗe rana. Hatma yayi girma mafi muni akan yumɓu mai laushi fiye da kan chernozems ko sandy loam. Hakanan, tsire-tsire na thermophilic ba ya amsa da kyau don iskar gas mai sanyi.
Nan da nan bayan dasa bishiyoyin, ana shayar da ƙasa, kuma bayan sati daya an fara yin riguna na farko na hadaddun potassium-phosphorus. Matasan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali sosai. Suna buƙatar sako na yau da kullun da cire ciyawa. Babban maki nan da nan kan tunani game da tallafin, tunda tushe yana iya fashewa daga iska da ruwan sama mai nauyi.
Kuna buƙatar shayar da mai wanki a kai a kai. Manyan ganyayyaki suna fitar da danshi da yawa kuma, lokacin da ba a shayar da su sosai, sai ya bushe. Rashin ruwa kuma yana rage adadin launuka. A wannan yanayin, duk ruwa ya kamata ya shiga zurfi a cikin ƙasa, kuma kada ku yi tururi a tushen. A ranakun zafi, ana shayarwa da yayyafawa da yamma, don haka konewar bata bayyana akan ganye ba.
Daga lokacin shuka har zuwa ƙarshen bazara, ana ciyar da lavater sau biyu a wata. Yayin da shuka ke gina taro mai girma, nitrogen da potassium ya kamata su ci a cikin hadaddun ma'adinai. A farkon watan Yuni, matakinsu yana raguwa, amma abubuwan haɓakar phosphorus suna ƙaruwa.
Kamar yadda furanni suka bushe, ana bada shawarar a datsa. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga kwancen furannin fure na fure. An lura cewa furanni wilted a lamba tare da ruwan sama emit mucous abubuwa da ƙone ganye.
A cikin kaka, an sare magabtansu duk shekara, kuma an tona wurin. Suna ƙoƙarin tanƙwara bukkaren ginin a ƙasa kuma ya rufe da ganye ko kuma rassan tsiro. A cikin bazara, an cire tsari, kuma an yanke wani ɓangare na harbe.
Da wuya, lavater na iya shan wahala daga tsatsa na ganye lokacin da launin ja ko launin shuɗi mara nauyi da kumburi sun bayyana akan ganye. Jiyya daga "sulfate na jan karfe" ko "Bordeaux ruwa" yana tsirarwa daga cutar. Kwayoyin cutar kan tsire-tsire ba da wuya su zauna ba, kawai idan daji ya kamu da tsiro a nan kusa, aphids ko farin farashi na iya motsawa zuwa laureate. Jiyya tare da maganin kashe kwari ("Actara") yana ba ku damar kawar da kwari da sauri.
Shuka a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Lavater yana da ado sosai, saboda haka ana dasa shi akai-akai. Babban maki yana da kyau su kadai, suna iya ɓoye gine-ginen da ba su da kyau ko wasu abubuwan da ba su da hankali. Ana amfani da nau'ikan ƙananan haɓaka don buɗe hanyoyi ko karɓar shafi. Bayan da kuka dasa nau'ikan nau'ikan lavatera, zaku iya ƙirƙirar kayan ado mai ban sha'awa a ƙasa.
Lokacin haɗa lavatera a cikin lambun fure tare da wasu tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan launi na furanni. White Lavatera yana da kyau tare da purple petunia da ageratum. Pink - tare da verbena, Sage, iris da delphinium.
Warkar da kaddarorin
Ganyayyaki da kuma tushen perennial lavatera sun warkar da kaddarorin. An tattara ganyayyaki a lokacin furanni, da kuma tushen - bayan an kammala shi. Kayan da aka tattara waɗanda aka tattara suna bushe a cikin wuri mai sanyi, inuwa mai kyau kuma an adana shi har tsawon shekara a takarda ko jakunkuna masana'anta.
Ctionaukar kai daga tushen yana ƙarfafa tsarin na rigakafi, yana taimaka wajan magance ƙwanƙwasa, yana magance tsutsa kuma yana da tasirin sakamako. Maganin shafawa da ruwan shafawa daga ganyayyakin ana amfani dasu don magance rashi, kazalika don sauƙaƙe alamun cutar neuralgia da rheumatism.
