Tun da daɗewa, an duniyar duniyarmu ta tsire-tsire na ferns na zamani - inabi, tsire-tsire waɗanda basu da tushe ko ganye.
Dama daga tushe ya taso da rassan furen-rassan, yana ƙare a cikin kunguwa wanda ya yi girma. Relic ya tsira zuwa kwanakinmu, kuma yanzu ana iya samuwa a sassa daban daban na duniya.
Zai yiwu wannan bincike ne aka bincike a daren Ivan Kupala: a iyakar iyakoki, fatalwa girma, kama da wani panicle na furanni.
Mafi kusa dangi na Grazdovnik shine Uzhnikov fern.
Tarihin
Ganin gaskiyar cewa itace birni ne na ferns, tarihin bayyanar ya koma zurfin cikin ƙarni. Mazauna sun girma a duniya daga lokaci mai tsawo. Mutane sun yi imanin cewa birni na iya ba da basira da kuma iya samo dukiya ga mutumin da ke amfani da ita. Saboda haka, sunan shahararrun shuka: key-grass. Har ila yau a gani, ɓangaren tsire-tsire da aka nannade a cikin kashi mai cin ganyayyaki yana kama da karamin maɓalli. Jinsin suna kira "semilunar" da aka samu don samfurin kwayoyin halitta da kuma inuwa mai duhu-ɓangare na sassa na vegetative da sassaƙa.
Dabbobi
Idan kana so ka ƙayyadad da irin wannan bishiyar da aka samo a cikin gandun daji, duba shi tare da hoto na littafin nazari na botanical, zaka iya yin kuskure a cikin rarraba. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna da matukar canji, zasu iya canja launi da kuma siffar, sun haɗa juna da juna. A Rasha, akwai nau'i nau'in inabi.
Virginian
Ana samo shi a arewacin Turai na Rasha da Siberia a cikin gandun daji. Ya kai kimanin 45 cm, an rufe dukkan ɓangaren sama da kasa. Fronds ne duhu kore tare da ɓarna ƙananan sassan. A Amurka, kuma ana kiransa da maƙerin, an yi imanin cewa tare da taimakon wannan innabi za mu iya sanin inda dwarf ginseng ke tsiro. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin zane-zane.
Lanceolate
Yana faruwa a cikin gandun daji Siberian, ya kai wani tsawo na 25cm. Cikin jujjuya ne mai santsi, lokacin farin ciki, gashin gashin da ke ƙasa da zurfin hauka yana da hakora.
Sashe
Yana tsiro kusan a ko'ina cikin duniya sai dai bazara, a Rasha an samo shi a wuraren daji a kan ƙasa mai laushi. Hawan har zuwa 25 cm fronds mutu a tsakiyar lokacin rani bayan da ripening spore. An sami sunan saboda labaran sosai. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin zane-zane.
Hotuna masu tallafi Multipartite:
Semilunar
An samo kusan a ko'ina cikin ƙasar Rasha, ba ta zama manyan mazauna. Dwarf shuka, ba ya wuce 20 cm, kuma ƙananan samfurori suna da tsawon leaf 4 kawai kawai. An ba da sunan don wata jigilar launi da wani inuwa mai launin rawaya-rawaya na sassa.
Fronds ba trimmed, bayan maturation daga cikin gardama suka mutu a kashe. Ana amfani da wannan nau'in don tsara zane-zane mai tsayi. Wani suna don wata rana mai girma shine babban ciyawa. An yi imanin cewa yana taimakawa don bincika dukiya.
Chamomile
Ba'a samu a Rasha ba, musamman a yankunan arewacin Turai. An jera a cikin Red littafin Belarus da yankin Moscow. Wasu samfurori sun kai kimanin mita 30. Ƙananan ɓangare na launi suna m, ƙananan fuka-fukan suna taqaitaccen kuma haɗuwa.
M
Rare shuka da aka jera a cikin Red Book of Rasha. Ana samo shi a yankunan Arewacin Turai na ƙasashenmu. Wurin zama mafi kyaun - kusa da bakin tekuna da tafkuna. Akwai tsammanin cewa wannan jinsin yana samuwa ne daga gicciye na ɓaure da 'ya'yan inabi. Dwarf shuka, kai kawai 15 cm a tsawo.
Sauran Hotuna Hotuna:
Arewa
Ana samo shi a yankin Asia na Rasha, Yana son tsoffin alkama. Tsawon fili na har zuwa 20 cm. Ƙananan ɓangare na ƙwanƙwasawa yana ƙuƙasa. Tsuntsaye ba su da dadi, baƙi, ba tare da yanke ba, sai dai ƙananan ƙananan biyu ne wani lokaci ana watsa su.
Karfi
Girma a cikin gandun daji da gonada na Far East. An rufe shi da launin fure mai tsabta, ƙwanƙun suna zuwa tsawo na 25 cm. Petioles suna da haske, fuka-fukan gashin tsuntsaye tare da ƙwayoyin cututtuka a gefuna.
Mountain
Yana girma a cikin gandun daji na coniferous na yammacin Arewacin Amirka. Duba da aka jera a jerin jerin tsire-tsire masu hatsari da kuma hatsari. Dukan sashin launi yana kunshe da wata launin fari-kore, ba ta wuce 8 cm ba.
Hotuna hotuna Mountain:
Southern
Girma a Australia da New Zealand. Babban shuka har zuwa 50 cm a tsawo tare da m kore kore fronds.
Jenman
'Yan jinsin rare aka bayyana a 1900 Yanzu akwai wurare masu yawa na girma: a Jamhuriyar Dominica, a Haiti da Jamaica.
Hotunan hotuna na Jenman's Hulk:
Yawancin jinsuna suna da wuya kuma basuyi karatu ba don kawai za'a iya bayyana su a cikin ayyukan kimiyya na musamman. Mafi yawansu ba su da suna da suna, da kuma sunayen Latin. Sunan Rasha kawai 'yan inabi ne kawai:
- m;
- kantin magani;
- Tibet;
- suma;
- sheffner;
- dusser.
Kulawa na gida
Hanya za ta yi ado a kowane ɗaki, amma kana buƙatar la'akari da wannan da shuka yana da matukar mahimmanci, yana buƙatar kulawa akai.
Idan kana da barin gida don 'yan kwanaki, furen zai iya mutuwa ba tare da yin amfani da ruwan sha ba.
Bayanan kula bayan sayan
A hulk ba ya jure wa overdrying. Idan ka sayi tsire-tsire, ka rufe ƙasa da gangawa da wuri-wuri don riƙe da danshi. Hakanan zaka iya sanya jirgin ruwa a cikin akwati mafi girma, kuma ka cika wuraren da ba tare da komai ba tare da tsumma.
Idan ka saya fern ba tare da buƙata ba, zabi wani samfuri tare da babban dunƙule na ƙasa wanda ke rufe dukkan bangarorin ƙasa. Sanya inabi a cikin tukunya a hankali, ƙananan tushen sun ji canji a cikin yanayin, mafi ingancin shuka zai dauki tushe.
Haskewa
Hulk yana buƙatar haske, amma bai yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Sanya shuka a kan taga, inda rana zata haskaka shi kawai da safe ko da yamma. Idan gidan yana da kudancin kudu kawai, sai ku yi amfani da fern.
A lokacin rani zaka iya ɗaukar shi zuwa loggia, sanya tukunya a ƙasa don hasken rana ba su fada akan shi ba. Za ku je gida - dauki abincin ku don tafiya, a cikin inuwa daga bishiyoyi zai zama lafiya.
Zazzabi
Hulk yana son ƙarancin zafi. Yanayin da ya fi dacewa a gare su shine ɗakunan da zazzabi daga + 15 zuwa 20 °.
Lokacin da ya karu + 10 ° ko zafi + 22 °, tsire-tsire na iya dakatar da girma.
Kayan dabbobi ba su da hatsarin sanyi ko zafi, kamar yadda sauyin canji ya canza cikin zazzabi, kauce wa wuraren da zasu iya fada a karkashin gusts na iska mai sanyi.
Air iska
Tsohon kakanninsu na grazdovnikov sun rayu a cikin yanayi na wurare masu zafi, Wadannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar matsanancin zafi. A cikin birane a cikin birane yana da yawa sosai bushe, tsaftace sararin samaniya a cikin fern tare da hanyoyi na wucin gadi.
Idan akwai akwatin kifaye a gida, sanya tukunya kusa da shi. Wani bayani: saka yumbu mai yumbu a cikin kwanon rufi. Sau biyu a rana, fesa ganye tare da ruwa, kuma a yanayin zafi, wannan hanya ya kamata a kara zuwa sau biyar.
Watering
A tushen grazdovnikov babu gashin gashi, kuma dukan tsarin yana da zurfin zurfi. Saboda wadannan siffofin, su ba zai iya daukar ruwa daga ƙasa ba kuma yana buƙatar watering.
Ka kasance mai hankali: a cikin ƙasa busasshiyar shuka zai mutu cikin sauri, kuma tare da matsanancin danshi, asalinsu za su lalace.
Hanyar mafi sauki don duba - taɓa ƙasa tare da yatsanka. Idan hannaye suna buƙatar wanke bayan wannan, ba a buƙatar watering ba; idan an girgiza hatsi ba tare da wata alama ba, ƙasa ta bushe.
Chlorine da lemun tsami ba su da kyau ga shuka, yana da kyau don shayar da shi da narkewa ko ruwan sama a dakin da zazzabi. A cikin sauran lokutan, raguwa tsakanin watering ya kamata a karu.
Top dressing
Clusters buƙatar ciyar da abinci, amma kada ku ci gaba. A lokacin rani, takin bazara fiye da sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu ba, kuma a lokacin hutawa - sau ɗaya a wata.
Fine, idan za ka iya saya wani abu na musamman don ferns; idan ba a same wannan ba, yi amfani da slurry ko ammonium nitrate bayani (1 teaspoon da lita na ruwa).
Lokacin zabar taki, duba cewa abun da ke ciki bazai ƙara yawan acidity na ƙasa ba.
Tashi
Wadannan nau'in ferns wanda aka lalata dashi. Yi wannan aiki lokacin da akwati ya zama ƙananan kuma tushen ya cika dukkanin girman.
Cire shuka tare da dunƙule na ƙasa kuma sanya shi a cikin tukunya mai girma, ƙoƙari kada ya dame tushen. Idan ba ka samu a cikin kantin sayar da wata ƙasa na musamman don ferns ba, ka haɗa nau'ikan sassan ƙasa mai kyau, peat da yashi tare da ƙari na yumbuɗa da aka ƙaddamar don riƙe da danshi. A kasan, kun cika nauyin kirki don malalewa.
Pruning
Green fronds ba sa bukatar pruning, lokacin zaman lafiya zai zo, kuma zasu mutu. Cire sassa sassan da kuma barin shuka don hutawa. Idan ka manta da ruwa da itacen inabi da ganye sun bushe, yi kokarin sake gwada lambunka. Yanke gawawwakin da ke ƙasa, tsaftace ƙasa kuma sanya mashin a wuri mai haske.
Kiwo
Ko da sababbin noma na inabõbi a gida yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau, da kuma noma wadannan tsire-tsire - aiki mai wuyar gaske. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na ƙwayoyin fure, wanda ya fi kyau ga waɗannan furanni?
Harbe
Babu amfani don gwada prikopat vayi a ƙasa. Babu bunƙasawa a kan ganye na grasseur, ba za su samar da furanni ba.
Division
A cikin bazara, da yawa fern bushes za a iya raba zuwa sassa daban-daban.
Tare da grazdovnikom irin wannan hanya shine mafi kyawun ba a aiwatar ba. Tushenta ba sa jure wa kowane sakamako, kuma bayan wannan aiki yana yiwuwa ba kawai don samun sabon kofe ba, amma har ma ya rasa babban shuka.
Tubers
A cikin yanayi, ciyawa sukan samo asali ne daga tushen su. Zaka iya gwada yin wannan aiki a lokacin dasawa, amma, kamar yadda a cikin akwati na baya, kana hadarin kasancewa gaba daya ba tare da shuka ba.
Tambayoyi
Hanyar mafi aminci: ko da yake yana da wuya cewa tsiran zai bayyana, amma shuka kanta ba za ta sha wahala ba. A tsakiyar lokacin rani, ƙananan tubercles sun kasance a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ƙuƙwalwa, inda yawancin maza suke girma. A lokacin da aka lalata launuka, a yanka ganye da bushe.
Kafin shuka a cikin dakin inda babu wani zane, girgiza takardar ko yayatar da goge. Lokacin mafi kyau na shuka shi ne farkon bazara. Ɗauki sassan 2 na peat da sashi na ƙasa da yashi, bakara da abun da ke ciki, tsaftace shi, yayyafa ganji kuma rufe murfin.
A yanayi, tsire-tsire suna samuwa da wasu irin naman alade, ƙara karamin ƙasa a ƙasa, an cire daga ƙarƙashin ɓarnar inabi a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi. Tsaya jirgin a 20 °, harbe zai bayyana cikin watanni 1-2.
Akwai gabobin namiji da na mace a kan tsire-tsire domin hadi ya faru kuma matakan mai amfani da kwayoyin halitta fara farawa, ci gaba da ƙasa da iska a matsanancin zafi, ya kamata a rufe yakoki da kuma inuwa. Lokaci lokaci bude tankin don airing. Lokacin da ci gaba mai girma na ganye ya fara, shuka shuke-shuke a wuri mai dindindin.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kwaro suna da haɗari: scypherite fern, mealybug ko aphid. A duba kowane lokaci, ganye, lura da wuraren da aka lalace, tsari na karbofosom ko shiri na musamman.
Abubuwan da aka gina da kayan aiki da magunguna
Ƙungiyar hijarar ta ƙunshi a cikin abun da ke ciki:
- Flavonoids;
- Quercetin;
- Kempferol;
- Squirrels;
- Alkaloids;
- Ficilic acid;
- Vitamin C, E, A, B;
- Tannins;
- Glycosides da catechins;
- Fatty da muhimmanci mai.
Gidan yana da kayan cike da magunguna da kuma maganin antiseptic, kuma yana iya magance bayyanar dysentery, warkar da raunuka, ulcers da konewa. An yi amfani dashi azaman maganin maciji. Har ila yau ana iya amfani da kabarin a matsayin wakili na anthelmintic.
Yin amfani da furanni a maganin gargajiya
Recipes da hanyoyi don amfani da shuka daga wasu cututtuka:
Da macijin maciji:
- A shuka an cinye rawake;
- Ana amfani da sashen babba don magani;
- A wanke kayan kayan aiki sosai kafin amfani;
- Ku ci tare da gurasa. A cikin farfadowa mai mahimmanci yana taimakawa wajen cire abubuwa mai guba da aka gabatar cikin jini tare da ciji.
Don ulcers, konewa, raunuka:
- A matsayin raw abu ta amfani da ɓangaren ɓangaren na shuka;
- Cikakke yankakken bishiyar kore kuma yanke mush;
- Yi amfani da wuraren da aka shafa, ka riƙe minti 30.
Daga maganin kuturu:
- Goma goma na gishiri da yankakken rhizomes zuba 200 ml na ruwan zãfi, kuma tafasa da cakuda har sai an tsaga girmanta;
- Ɗauki teaspoon tare da zuma;
- Hakanan zaka iya tara broth tare da gari, ya kasu kashi goma kuma ku ci cikin kashi daya kowace rana;
- Bayan liyafar, ya wajaba a dauki laxative saline kuma ya sanya wasu makasudin shafawa.
Sauran ferns na ciki sun haɗa da: Pelleya, Pteris, Cirtriumium, Asplenium, Adiantum, Davallia, Blehnum, Salvinia, Polypodium, Platicerium, Uzhrovnik da Nephrolepis.
