Universal iri-iri don lambu a Central Rasha - Pear "Dattijan Rossoshanskaya"

Kodayake itacen pear ya zama wuri na uku bayan apple da bishiyoyi, sai ya bayyana a matsayin mai baƙo na kasashen waje: yana da thermophilic, mai kula da fari da sanyi, ba mai tsaro ba daga furotin.

Bisa ga shaidar litattafan Hellas da na likita na Sumerian, an gano wannan shuka ga dubban shekaru, amma babban abu na pear shi ne karni na 18, lokacin da mutane suka fara tunani game da noma da jinsin wannan fure.

Yanayin zaɓi na zaɓi

Zaɓin mutane, ba kamar itacen apple ba, sunyi tsirrai da pear tare da hankali, kuma akwai dalilai da dama don hakan:

• da wanzuwar samfurori na halitta, da nasarar amfani da magani da kuma ci;
• da thermophilicity na shuka, wanda iyakance iyakar zuwa 60 ° arewa latitude;
• la'anar pear a matsayin tsire-tsire wadda ba ta da tsayayyar sanyi da sanyi da kuma scab shafi;
• rashin fahimta game da dandano 'ya'yan itatuwa, saboda rashin girbi a karkashin yanayin yanayin rani na Rasha mai sanyi da kuma kasancewar kwayoyin stony a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara, wadanda suke da mahimmanci a cikin pears;
• yunkurin noma iri iri na kudancin Turai a cikin gidajen gida.

Pear ji kyau a Crimea, yankunan kudancin yankin tsakiya na Black Black, da Arewacin Caucasus. Ƙoƙarin mawaki na tsakiya na Tsakiyar Rasha sun fi mayar da hankali wajen inganta dandano 'ya'yan itace, kuma ba a tsaftace su a cikin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba wanda ke inganta zaman rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai tsanani.

A cikin yankin Chernozem na tsakiya, irin waɗannan nau'in nau'in pear sune kyau: Gera, Cathedral, Krasnobakaya, Krasulya da Lada.

Bincike hanyoyin da za a haifar da irin nau'o'in pears a kasarmu sun fara I.V. Michurin a ƙarshen karni na 19. Nasarar ta gaba shine ƙoƙarin yin amfani da shi azaman kwari na Ussuri, mai suna Mafi kyawun samfurin juriya na sanyi (zuwa - 30 ° C).

A kowane yanki na yanayi, an kirkiro cibiyoyin binciken kimiyya da cibiyoyin 'ya'yan itace don bunkasa sababbin matasan masu tayin. A cikin 1937, ɗayansu ya kasance mai 'ya'yan itace da Berry, wanda aka gina a cikin tsohuwar ɗakin ajiya na makiyaya Voronezh Ulyanischev.

A nan, bayan yakin, an gina rukunin yanki na Rossoshanskaya (ta sunan gundumar), inda aka haifi sabon nau'in pear, Rossoshanskaya Dessert.

An shigar da shi zuwa gwaji a shekara ta 1952, kuma a shekarar 1975 an hade shi a cikin Littafin Jihar kuma ya karbi tikitin don a rarraba a cikin lambun masana'antu. Belgorod, Voronezh, yankin Kursk da Arewacin Caucasus.

Sunan iri-iri na nuna ainihin ma'anar 'ya'yan itace - samun ruwan' ya'yan itace mai dadi don amfani da shi a matsayin kayan zaki.

Wani irin nasa ne

Idan sababbin nau'i-nau'in an sanya shi a matsayin kayan zaki, to, a Voronezh, an kirkiro sababbin siffofin da suka fi dacewa da noma masana'antu:

• low ko matsakaici;
• matakai masu girma a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa;
• fruitful;
• dace da tanadin ajiya da sufuri na dogon lokaci.

Kamar yadda duniya rootstocks don samun sababbin lambun lambun dake amfani da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i na kowane yanki, tare da tarihin girma:

• Pear Rasha da kuma 3 fiye da nau'in (Tsarin Rasha);
• Pear Caucasian da siffofinsa 24 (tsaunuka na Caucasus);
• Ussuri pear (Far East);
• snow pear (Asiya ta Tsakiya).

Ƙidaya zamani vegetative ga kowane matasan, sami mafi kyawun zaɓi ga wani yanki, dangane da lokacin ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa:

• lokacin rani - girkewa ya kammala ta karshen Yuli; Rayuwa ta yau da kullum na irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itace an iyakance shi zuwa kwanaki 10;
• iri iri - Farawa yana faruwa a ƙarshen Satumba; ajiya na 'ya'yan' ya'yan itace ba tare da asarar dandano ba zai yiwu ne kawai a cikin ɗakin ajiya na tsawon watanni 2;
• yanayin hunturu - girbi yana faruwa a watan Oktoba; Turawa a cikin ajiya isa matatar mabukaci; za'a iya adana shi cikin firiji har zuwa Fabrairu.

Tushen halitta

Halitta sabon nau'i na kwayar 'ya'yan itace ya ƙunshi inoculation na yawancin masu amfani da kayayyaki ga tushen da aka saba a yankin.

Ga "Dessert Rossoshanskaya" iyaye biyu na nau'in nau'in pear na karfe kamar:

• "Bech (hunturu) Michurin" - hunturu iri-irihalitta a kan tushen daji Ussuri stock, wanda ya ba shi na musamman hunturu hardiness; 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ne kadan m, tare da 10% sugar abun ciki, dan kadan tart; yayin ajiya 'ya'yan itatuwa girma; Babban amfani shine Sakamakon jituwa, yawan amfanin ƙasa mai ban sha'awa, dacewa ga ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo; da iri-iri ya zama iyaye na wani sabon hybrid 50;
• "Tsuntsu na Daji" - kaka iri-iri tare da karni na tarihi daga Belgium; Kyakkyawan dandano na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launi. kiyaye damar - 3 makonni; fruiting ba barga, amma high; Hardy Hardy da fari resistant; iyayensu na nau'i na wasu iri dabam dabam; m zuwa scab.

Idan kuna da sha'awar irin wannan cuta, ku kula da irin Nick, Limonka, Victoria, Kupava, Cosmic.

Bisa ga halaye na iyaye biyu, ana iya tabbatar da cewa samuwa da dama zasu sami abin da ya faru:

• high sanyi juriya;
• dandano mai dadi;
• Kyakkyawan samfurin kayan aiki;
• da precocity na seedlings;
• yawan amfanin ƙasa;
• jure yanayin scab;
• undemanding na ƙasa abun da ke ciki;
• dacewa don amfani a aikin aikin kiwo.

Daga cikin misalai iri dabam dabam za a iya bambanta Chizhovskaya, Yakovlevskaya, Nursery, Fairy Tale da kuma batun.

Abubuwan da ba a iya amfani da shi a cikin tsari na ciki sun hada da gado daga "Forest Beauty", rashin kai-da-kai da kuma wajibi ne a gudanar da zabe.

Abin sha'awa: Don samun samfurori tare da halayen halayen, yana yiwuwa a hana adadin pear ba kawai a kan samfurin dangi mai girma ba, amma har a kan itacen apple, irgu, quince. A wannan yanayin, zai yiwu a samar da pear kamar dabino.

Bayani na pear iri-iri "Dessert Rossoshanskaya"

1. Tree matsakaici da girma girma (10-15 m) tare da kambi na pyramidal. Ƙaddamarwa na Crown yana ƙayyade ƙwayar shuka don raunana sabon ƙwayar.
2. Akwatin da rassan skeletal sune launin toka da launin toka-launin ruwan kasa a launi.
3. Young harbe na pears ne halin da gwaji kauri da haske launin ruwan kasa launi.
4. Fruiting graft ya zo a ranar 5th.
5. Kwayan iri biyu: vegetative da generative. Bambanci a cikin girman da siffar.
6. Furen suna ba da jimawa ba, an tattara su a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙananan dabbobin, tare da furen (terry), kuma wasu lokuta tare da ruwan hoda.

   A cikin zaɓin pollinators, yawanci, ana jagorancin lokaci na lokaci na flowering.

   Irin wannan irin wannan ya kasance a cikin nau'in pears "Marble", "Autumn Yakovlev" da "Tatyana".

Yana da muhimmanci: Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan itatuwan dole ne a cikin gonar kusa da iri-iri da aka bayyana, in ba haka ba za a yi girbi, ko 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa da za su bayyana ba za su kasance masu lalacewa ba da kuma irin nau'in da ba su da kyau.

7. 'Ya'yan itãcen matsakaicin matsakaicin launin fata - kamar apples. Fata ne na bakin ciki, a cikin lokacin balaga, rawaya-kore tare da raunuka da tsattsauran rawaya.

   Jiki yana da dadi, mai kyau, tare da dandano mai kyau. Gwanin dandano yana rinjayar da rashin girman girman kwayoyin stony.

   Launi na pears don yankan shine farin-cream, ainihin yana tare da nau'in iri iri da kuma launin ruwan kasa. Binciken dandano a dandalin dandanawa - maki 5.

Abin sha'awa: Kwaro yana ganin dandana yana da zafi fiye da apple. Wannan ba saboda ɓangaren litattafansa ya ƙunshi karin sukari, amma saboda babu kusan acid a cikin pear, ko sun kasance a cikin ƙananan kuɗi.



8. Pear "Dessert Rossoshanskaya" halin yawan amfanin ƙasa (har zuwa 70 kg kowace itace). Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace hectare na gonar masana'antu a shekaru daban-daban shine kilo 120-300.
9. Girma na 'ya'yan itace yana faruwa a lokaci iri iri. Matashi mai amfani ya zo bayan girbi.

Kwayoyin tsire-tsire sun hada da: Svetlyanka, Perun, Samara Beauty, Bere Bosk da Larinskaya.

10. A 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da aikace-aikacen duniya kuma suna halin halayen kayayyaki mai daraja, dace da ajiya da zirga-zirga mai nisa.
11. Wannan iri-iri babu scab pathogens, mai girma rarity - kamuwa da cuta septoria.
12. Lokacin da suke motsawa zuwa yankunan arewacin, sauyin hunturu na sauye-sauye (high zuwa matsakaici). Zai yiwu a ƙarfafa tasirin hunturu na hunturu na iri-iri ta hanyar dasawa da karin pears cikin sanyi.

Kyakkyawan saurin hunturu ya bambanta: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Lel, Chudesnitsa da Chizhovskaya.

Hotuna

Don ƙarin bayani game da iri-iri da ganin pears "Dessert Rossoshanskaya" na iya zama a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:

Amfani da 'ya'yan itace

Babu mai girma sanannun 'ya'yan itace na' ya'yan itace a cikin 'ya'yan itace fiye da Faransanci. A cikin abincin da suke cikin gida akwai ganyayyaki masu sauki da kuma rikice daga wannan 'ya'yan itace. Yadda za a ci shi tare da babbar dama da jin dadi - sun san mafi kyau duka, ma. A nan ne shawarwarin, a cikin ra'ayi, ya kamata a bi su:

• kawai 'ya'yan itatuwa ne mai kyau da mai dadi na kayan abinci kayan abinci suna cinyewa (nau'in masana'antu mai nauyin masana'antu a cikin nau'in tsari na iya haifar da lalacewa, yana da kyau a gasa su);
• Ba'a yi wa pear kayan zaki ba, kamar yadda fatar jiki ya fi fiber;
• Ba a cinye pears ba da daɗewa bayan cin abinci ko a cikin komai a ciki: dokokin sun bukaci jira 30-40 minti tsakanin abinci;
• Ƙaramin amfani da 'ya'yan itacen pear - 2 guda a mataki daya, ko 1 pear + 1 apple, ko 1 pear + 3;
• kamar sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa mai dadi, ba za a wanke pears ba tare da abin sha masu shayarwa ko nan da nan ya canza zuwa jita-jita masu cin nama;
• Yanke da ƙwayar gastritis ko cututtuka masu ƙwayar cuta za su watsar da su, kazalika da waɗanda ke fama da ƙwayar cuta;
• ƙananan pelori calorie sun sanya su 'ya'yan itace mafi kyau ga masu mutuwa; Yana da kyau don aiwatar da '' pear 'azumi lokacin da ake cinye kilo 1-2 na pears a cikin allurai uku;
• mutane fiye da 40 za su amfana daga tsarin bitamin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa da acid acid da suke dauke da su;
• Halin da ake samu na pears ya fara tare da fahimtar abincin su, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yake da kyawawa don cin pears girma a yankinku, kuma ba kayan da aka shigo da su (wanda aka sarrafa tare da masu kulawa da nesa ba).

Tips don karɓar bakuncin

1. Pear ba ya son dashiSaboda haka, tana buƙatar nan da nan ya gano mafi yawan rana da kuma kariya a gonar. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a ɗauka la'akari lokacin da dasa shuki cewa kambi na itace yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar 30-40 cm a shekara.
2. Kare daga spring thawed snow, da shuka dole ne a dasa shi a kan wani abu wanda aka halittata hanyar girma a sama da babban filin jirgin ruwa.
3. Kula da iri-iri "Dessert Rossoshshanskaya" ba ya bambanta da buƙatar agrotechnology don itatuwan pear na tsaminit na Rasha: pruning, watering, hadi, m spraying.
4. Kada ka yi tsammanin fadada wannan iri-iri tare da tsaba: duk abin da za'a dasa shi da wuri kuma daga baya. Zai fi dacewa nan da nan dauki karfi mai kyau tare da mai kyau heredity kuma gudanar da zabe (ido inoculation).
5. Kambi na itacen pear yana bada kyakkyawan inuwa, sabili da haka yana da shawara don dasa shi a cikin wurin wasanni: sama da benci ko gazebo.