Wannan kayan lambu na kayan lambu yana da fiye da dubu biyu. Kasashenta - Amurka ta Tsakiya, daga nan a cikin karni na 15 da shuka ya zo Turai, sannan kuma ya isa Rasha.
Duk da cewa kayan lambu suna da tsintsiya da haɓaka, mutane da yawa suna tsunduma cikin girma a cikin makircin gida.
Fasali na girma
Wannan ainihin kantin bitamin, da godiya ga wannan, yana da kyau a duk faɗin duniya. An yi amfani dashi a cikin tsari mai tsabta da zafi. Amma samun girbi mai girma ba sauki ba ne.
Bambancin zaɓi
Bambancinsu zasu iya kama tunanin. 'Ya'yan itace sun bambanta a launi, girman, dandano, ripening. Don samun nasarar, kasancewa ta hanyar sharuɗɗa da yanayin da ya kamata a girbe amfanin gona.
Yi la'akari da waɗannan sharuɗɗa:
- Farawa ko tsakiyar kakar. Mafi kyau shine zaɓi na iri don kara tsawon lokacin girbi sabo ne. Zaɓi iri da daban-daban. Early: Prometheus, Marconi, Belozerka. Tsakanin tsakiyar: Kusa, Dobrynya Nikitich, Snow White, Lafiya, Vitamin.
- Yanayi. Iri iri dabam dabam a cikin tsarin da ake amfani da ita na noma. Yawancin su ana nufin su ne don greenhouses da greenhouses (Kakadu, Raisa, Red Baron) amma akwai wasu matasan da za'a iya horar da su a fili (Belladonna, Isabella, Kyautar Moldova, Atlas, Cheerfulness). Akwai wasu nau'o'in da zasu iya girma a gida (Chanterelle, Winnie da Pooh, Carat, Dwarf, Medal).
- Hawan. Saitin da ya kamata a yi la'akari. Alal misali, yawancin iri baza'a iya girma a cikin greenhouses ba.
A shafin yanar gizonku zaku iya koyi game da wasu nau'o'in barkono: Chile, Cayenne, barkono mai barkono-Peas, barkono mai fata-Peas, Jalapeno, Atlas, Habanero.
Yadda za a yi girma seedlings
A kayyade lokacin shuka, ana shirya su ta hanyar dasa shuki a cikin greenhouses ko bude ƙasa. A al'adun yana da tsawon girma, saboda haka sun shuka shi a gaban sauran mutane. Wannan shi ne yawanci ko ƙarshen Fabrairu, dangane da iri-iri. Late da tsakiyar ripening - sown a gaba.
Tsaba dole ne a bi da su a cikin kashi ɗaya-dari arba'in-digiri na bayani na potassium permanganate tsawon minti 30. Bayan haka an wanke su kuma sanya su a cikin wani sutura mai yatsa. 3-4 days kiyaye dumi a gare su zuwa ƙyanƙyashe.
Bayan aiki, sanya shi a cikin kofuna dabam. Gwararrun lambu sun ba da shawara daidai da mutum dasa, kamar yadda barkono ba ya jure wa dashi.
Kofuna tare da sako-sako-sako-sako (humus -2 sassa peat ko yashi - kashi 1, ƙasa - 1 part) an shigar a cikin akwati ko a pallet. Bayan shuka, an rufe su da polyethylene kuma an sanya shi cikin wuri mai dumi (25-300).
Harbe bayyana bayan kwanaki 6-7. An cire fim ɗin, kuma an rage yawan zazzabi zuwa digiri 18. A cikin wannan yanayi, ana kiyaye harbe har kwana bakwai, saboda haka ba a miƙa su ba.
Kula
Idan ka dasa barkono a babban akwati, a cikin lokaci na 3-4 leaflets yana da daraja uncorking shi. Kada ku jinkirta tare da wannan tsari, kamar yadda yawancin tsire-tsire masu girma suka fara ci gaba.
Bai kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire ba sau da yawa, saboda wannan, yana rinjayar naman gwari na baki. A cikin lokaci na uku na farko, an ciyar da shi da cakuda potassium, superphosphate da urea.
Idan dakin ba mai haske ba, kana buƙatar haske, musamman ma a farkon makonni, don hana cire, thinning da tushe.
Bayan da aka samu digiri na takwas an sake ciyarwa. Wannan lokacin yana da mahimmanci ga bunkasa, yayin da yake shimfiɗa furanni - tushen 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zuwa. Lokaci mai haske a Fabrairu-Maris an buƙata daga 7 zuwa 9 na yamma.
Bukatar da ake buƙata shine hardening. Lokacin da aka shigar da zafi a kan titin, ana cire masu sintiri kuma an saka su a cikin wani shaded, an kare shi daga iska da takarda.
Saukowa a kasa
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta girma shine greenhouse ko a karkashin fim. Yawan amfanin wannan yanayin jin dadi a filin bude ba abu ne babba ba.
Kafin dasa shuki seedlings sanya a kan tashar saukowa da shafi - a cikin greenhouse ko greenhouse don acclimatization. Watering ya ragu sosai, amma ya ƙara hasken rana.
Don hana tsire-tsire daga samun rashin lafiya, ana bi da su jan karfe sulphate ko ruwan kwandon ruwa.
Tare da hanyar tukunya, ana shayar da tsire-tsire a kwana biyu kafin dasa, a cikin kwalaye da rana kafin. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin ƙasa kafin cire cire wuka da wuka a kan kowane tsayi na coma a fadin jere.
Bayan an daɗa ruwa sosai. Irin wannan fasaha zai haifar da ci gaban ƙananan asali, kuma zai dauki tushe mafi sauri a lokacin dasawa.
An dasa shuken barkono a greenhouses a karshen watan Mayu, kuma a cikin bude ƙasa a tsakiyar watan Yuni.
A kan namo da barkono a cikin yanayin greenhouse, karanta labarin a kan shafin yanar gizon mu.
Inda zan dasa
Pepper ba zai iya ba shuka bayan dankali, tumatir. Mafi kyawun magabata a gare shi shine cucumbers da kabeji, albasa, karas, da kuma zucchini ma sun halatta.
Irin wannan juyawa na amfanin gona yana samar da kayan lambu mafi kyau da kuma rigakafin cutar. Maimaitawa a wuri guda kamar yadda ya faru a shekara ta baya, rage yawan amfanin ƙasa, yana taimaka wa shan kashi na kwari da cututtuka.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura da unguwa a gonar. Kada ka sanya barkono a cikin wani mai shukar da tumatir, kamar yadda suke bukata daban-daban zafi da zazzabi. Amma a filin bude irin wannan yanki yana da amfani.
Muhimmiyar. Kada ku sanya iri iri mai ban sha'awa tare. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai gurɓataccen mutum da kuma dukan barkono a shafinku zai zama m.
Alamar wuri
Cold ƙasa ne babban abokin gaba na wannan shuka. A ƙarƙashin sa yayi manyan gadaje, wanda ya tashi daga 30-40 cm, zai sa asalinsu a cikin ƙasa mai tsanani.
An dasa shuken barkono a cikin wannan wuri tare da hanyar baza yadawa ba. A lokacin da shuka shi a cikin ƙasa mai bude, gado yana rufe da kayan da ba a saka ba. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a yi girma barkono a bude ƙasa ba tare da seedlings kawai a yankunan kudancin.
An dasa shuki a 40-50 centimeters daga juna, 60 cm tsakanin layuka.
Lokacin da bazuwa, tabbatar da cewa tushe ba ya nutse sama da matakin da ya girma a baya. Zai fi kyau don motsawa ƙasa a maraice domin rana ba ta ƙone tsire-tsire ba. Tushen zai dauki tushe na akalla kwana goma, sabili da haka a cikin filin bude yana da kyau don rufe shi da dare tare da kundin faifai na wucin gadi.
Ya zama wajibi ne a yi amfani da barkono mai yalwar ruwa a lokacin saukowa, bayan haka ya fi kyau kada a sha ruwa a mako. Har sai asalinsu zasu fara sha ruwan inganci, akwai hadari na haddasa juyawa saboda matsanancin laima. Watering samar da ruwa mai dumi. Cold jinkirin girma.
Shuka kulawa
Kula ne watering, miya da loosening.
- Watering. Kowane kwanaki 5 - a yanayin zafi, sau ɗaya kowace rana 10 - a cikin matsakaici. Wannan yanayin ya dace har zuwa lokacin da aka fara sa 'ya'yan itatuwa. Da zarar an girbe amfanin gona na farko, rage yawan watering, to, sabon furanni zai fara farawa.Muhimmiyar. Kada ku shayar da barkono a saman, yana rage yawan amfaninta. A cikin zafin rana ne kawai za a iya yada shi dan kadan.
- Top dressing. Na farko an gudanar ba a baya fiye da kwanaki 15 bayan fitarwa. Na biyu - cikin kwanaki 20-25. Don taki da ke dacewa da duniya ko kuma na musamman ga barkono.
Da zarar a kakar, takin barkono da mullein. Amma kada a dauki tafi tare da nitrogen - zai haifar da samuwar foliage, zuwa ga detriment na flowering. - Garra bel. Yawancin iri ne kawai suke buƙatar shi. Kusa da ƙananan bishiyoyi, an kafa kwando kuma an ɗaure mai tushe a gare su.
Yadda za a siffar bushes
A lokacin da girma a cikin wani dace hanya, cire wuce haddi harbe (stepchildren). Wannan kawai ba ya dace da digiri na musamman, wanda ya kafa kambi.
Masking an yi sosai a hankali kuma kawai a lokacin da shuka mai tsawon 25-30 cm ne.
Lokacin da tsire-tsire ta kai wannan tsawo, an kai saman kai. Sa'an nan kuma cire ƙananan ƙananan, barin manyan abubuwa guda biyu, mafi mahimman karfi. Ana cire dukkan wa] anda suka wuce magunguna don samar da mafi kyawun ɗaukar hoto.
A cikin zafi na cire na harbe ya kamata a yi a kai a kai, kamar yadda za a kafa su sosai da sauri. Har ila yau wajibi ne a yanke katako mai tsawo daga cikin daji. A cikin makon da ya gabata na watan Yuli, duba cikin bishiyoyi kuma cire duk mai tushe ba tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni ba.
Jarabawa
Daga cikin dukkanin kwari na kwari don barkono, wadannan masu ban tsoro ne:
- Aphid. Wannan kwari yana mamaki abin mamaki kuma yana ci barkono da jin dadi. Ganye a lokaci guda ya zama m, an rufe shi. Rushe kwari Carbofos ko miyagun ƙwayoyi Ultra.
- Gizo-gizo mite. An bayyana bayyanarta ta hanyar farin furanni akan ganye. Yin gwagwarmaya da jiko da tafarnuwa da albasarta. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da kwari.
- Slugs. Don kauce wa bayyanar su da haifuwa, yayyafa toka ko lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa. Kyakkyawan magani "Girgizar ruwa".
Cututtuka
Tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin kwari, cututtuka na barkono suna da kyau. Mafi yawan lokutta da akai-akai suna bayyana kamar haka:
- Black kafa. Yana tasowa tare da wuce gona da iri, musamman a hade tare da sanyi. Sakamakon ya zama mai laushi, tare da aibobi baƙi a bayyane. Hana wannan zai iya daidaitawa. Idan cutar ta riga ta fara, dakatar da ruwa da kuma bi da daji Ta hanyar rashin.
- Fusarium za. Kambi ya fara tanƙwara. Rage adadin laka don shawo kan cutar. Lokacin da ƙananan ganyayyaki, wanda ya nuna farkon cutar, aiwatar da barkono Asusun ajiya.
- Vertex Rot. Ya bayyana a kan 'ya'yan itace a cikin nau'i na fata, launin toka. Cold, yanayin damp yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da cutar. Zai taimaka wajen magance shi alli nitrateshrub da bushes.
- Late Blight. Cututtuka na wuri mai tsabta. Yana rinjayar mai tushe, ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa. Suna bayyana launin ruwan kasa, sai suka bushe, daji ya mutu da sauri. Ka guje wa cutar zai taimaka maɓallin zaɓi na resistant don bude ƙasa. Ƙarin aiki Ta hanyar rashin ko Barrier ba zai bari cutar ta ci gaba ba.
Matsaloli masu yawa
Pepper yana da kyau sosai kuma yana haɗuwa da duk wata mummunar yanayi. Matsaloli masu yawa:
- Leaf curl. Dalilin wannan abu shine matakan ci gaba. A cikin ƙasa, rashin rashin potassium ko tsakiya na tsakiya ya shimfiɗa, kuma ganye ba su da lokaci don kama shi.
- Haka ma yana yiwuwa tare da shan kashi larvae wasu kwari sun bar a cikin ƙasa.
- Taimakawa wajen shawo kan wannan cuta zai iya lalata ƙasa kafin dasa manganese bayani. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata ku ciyar da barkono potassium nitratesanya a kusa da toka.
- Pepper ya bushe ya mutu. Kyakkyawan daji yana fara bushewa da juya launin rawaya, ko furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa sun fara fadawa. Wannan zai iya faruwa daga canji canje-canje a yanayin lokacin da ya zama sanyi don dan lokaci. Yawan buƙata mai zafi yana buƙatar kawai 'yan kwanaki don shiga cikin zazzabi a ƙasa da digiri 10-12, kuma zai fara fara bushewa.
Idan kuka yi girma a cikin filin wasa, tare da takalmin sanyi, kayi kokarin rufe dare tare da kowane kayan. Zaka iya sanya tsofaffin bishiyoyi a kan bishiyoyi, ko kuma sanya bishiyoyi da jefa jigilar kayan a kansu.
Features na girma na cikin gida iri
Wasu iri zasu iya girma a daki. Bã su da ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin ɗigon furen hanyoyi na girman girma. Idan babu isasshen sarari, 'ya'yan itatuwa zasu zama ƙananan kuma lambar su ƙananan.
Dole ne a shirya tukunya ta hanyar yin ramukan ramuka. An zubar da yumbu a kasa, an sanya sandan yashi a kanta kuma an cika kwandon, ba tare da tamping ba, tare da cakuda kasa, yashi da ƙananan humus. Ƙasa ba a raye ba. Ana sanya iri a cikin tukunya kuma an rufe shi da fim a saman.
Kula shi ne watering, miya, samuwar daji.
Daya daga cikin matsalolin da ya fi saurin girma a cikin gida shi ne shan kashi. smoldering. Ganye suna juya, alamar takarda ta bayyana a kansu. Dalilin kamuwa da cuta shine iska mai bushe da rashin ƙarfafawar shuka.
Lokacin da aphids bayyana, barkono ya kamata a wanke tare da dumi ruwa tare da wanke wanke. Bayan magani, wanke sabulu da ruwa mai tsabta. Zaka iya sarrafa barkono barkono na albasa da tafarnuwa. Har ila yau, tasiri a cikin yaki da kwari wormwood jiko.
Turawa barkono a cikin ƙasa da kuma a cikin yanayin gida yana bukatar biyan duk dokokin. Kawai tare da wannan tsari za ku iya samun babban girbi na kayan lambu, mai arziki a bitamin da microelements.
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