Girma tumatir seedlings a cikin peat tukwane: yadda za a dasa, kula da kuma motsa zuwa ƙasa?

Gwangwani na kaya don girma tumatir seedlings ya bayyana in mun gwada da kwanan nan. Duk da haka, sun riga sun shahara sosai. Koda masu lambu ba su da kwarewa ba zasu iya girma a cikin su ba tare da wata matsala ba.

A cikin wannan labarin za ku koyi yadda za a shirya kwakwalwan hatsi da tsaba don dasa, yadda za a kula da irin waɗannan seedlings, bayan wane lokaci za a iya dasa shi a ƙasa. Kuma kuma gaya muku game da duk wadata da kaya na tankuna na kaya da gargadi game da kuskuren mafi yawancin lokacin girma cikin tumatir.

Jigon hanyar

Manufar wannan hanya ita ce cewa lokacin da tumatir tumatir suka kai shekarun da ake buƙata, ana sanya tukunyar karam din a cikin ƙasa tare tare da seedling. Da wannan hanya, tsire-tsire ba su mutu ba, wanda sau da yawa yakan faru da wasu hanyoyi na dasawa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan tumatir dauke da tukunyar juye-wuri ba lallai ba ne. Wannan zai iya cutar da tushen tsarin.

Menene wadannan kwantena?

Gurasar kwasfa ƙananan kwantena ne.

Sun zo cikin nau'i na:

• Tuntun mazugi;
• Hanyar sarrafawa;
• dice.

Za ka iya samun tukunya, wanda aka haɗa a cikin tubalan da dama. Girman allon yana da 1-1.5 mm, ƙananan haɓakar da ke kewaye daga tsakanin 5 cm zuwa 10 cm.

Sun kunshi cakuda:

• peat 50-70%;
• cellulose;
• humus

Gurasar da ba ta cin nama ba ta cutar da ƙasa, seedlings da amfanin gona.

Properties

An yi amfani da tukunya na kaya saboda rashin tsabta daga tushensu, lokacin da aka dasa su zuwa sabon wuri, tsire-tsire suna da tushe da sauri. A cikin ƙasa, zuba cikin irin waɗannan kwantena, damshin ya kasance ya fi tsayi. Tushen tumatir daga lokacin shuka zuwa lokaci na dasa a wuri mai dindindin suna cikin wannan matsin.

Located Kwayoyin tsintsiya ba sa tsoma baki tare da samun abinci mai mahimmanci da oxygen. Bayan da aka shuka asalinsu a cikin ƙasa, asalinsu sunyi tsaka-tsalle ta hanyar murfin ganuwar tukunya. Suna iya iya tsayayya da nauyin kaya.

Gwani da kuma fursunoni

A abũbuwan amfãni na peat tukwane na tumatir seedlings su ne:

• matsakaicin matsakaici;
• Sauran yanayi na danshi lokacin da ake dashi zuwa ƙasa;
• free germination daga tushen wani girma shuka.
• ƙarfi

Babu žasa ga manyan kaya na peat don seedlings, sai dai gaskiyar cewa waɗannan samfurori suna yuwuwa.

Shiri

Kayan gwangwani na shawarar saya a cikin shaguna na musamman. Farashin farashin kaya daya ne 3 rubles, kuma farashin saitin ya dogara da yawan tukwane kuma ya bambanta daga 120 zuwa 180 rubles. Tabbatacce, za a iya yin su a gida.

Don yin wannan, haɗa:

• lambu, humus, takin da sodium;
• yashi;
• sare yankan bambaro ko sawdust.

Don haka sakamakon jigon kwalliya ba ya rabu da baya, kana buƙatar ƙara ruwa da mullein zuwa daidaito na lokacin farin ciki.

1. Bayan hadawa sosai, an zuba cakuda a cikin wani ganyayyaki ko akwatin da aka sanya fim din. Da kauri daga cikin simintin simintin gyaran kafa shine 7-9 cm.
2. Bayan bushewa sama da ƙasa yanke tare da wuka.

Matsayin da ya dace na tukunyar peat don tumatir shine 8 × 8 cm. Don fara dasa shuki da tumatir a cikin tukwane, ya zama dole don shirya ƙasa.

Don yin wannan a daidai wannan rabbin gauraye:

• ƙasa masara;
• humus;
• sawdust;
• yashi;
• vermiculite

Ana buƙatar abun da ake buƙata don disinfect. Don yin wannan, zaka iya dumi shi a cikin tanda ko zubar da wani bayani na potassium permanganate.

Wasanni

A kasan kofuna na kofuna ne ake buƙatar yin ƙananan budewa tare da wani awl domin ya rage ruwa mai yawa. Zai kuma ba da damar tushen su zama mafi sauki. Don haka tukunyar ba su bushe ba, an shawarci masu kula da kayan lambu su kunsa kowanne tare da filastik. In ba haka ba, da gishiri a cikin ƙasa crystallizes da kuma lalata m tumatir seedlings. Kana buƙatar cire shi a daidai kafin dasa shuki da tsire-tsire zuwa wuri na dindindin.

Seed zuwa germination

Shirye-shiryen tumatir tsaba sun ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa.:

1. karyatawa;
2. disinfection;
3. soaking;
4. stratification.

A lokacin culling, komai, dried da kuma karya tsaba an girbe. An bar su don minti 5-10 a cikin wani bayani na sodium chloride. Float fitar, saboda basu dace da saukowa ba.

A yayin da ake aiwatar da cututtuka a cikin 3% hydrogen peroxide ko 1% bayani na potassium permanganate, da tsaba zama resistant zuwa cututtuka daban-daban. Hanyar tafiye-tafiyen yana taimaka wa jigon shuka da sauri.

Tsaba ta yada a kan tawul din dashi ko auduga, wanda ya rufe tare da murfi. Duk wannan an sanya shi a wuri mai dumi, saboda kumburi, sun fara farawa.

Hanyar ƙaddamarwa tana kunshe da ajiye matakan tumatir a cikin firiji don dare, a cikin firiji, a ranar da aka sanya su cikin daki inda zafin jiki zai kai + 18 ° C ... + 20 ° C. Wannan yana bukatar a yi sau da yawa. A sakamakon ɓarwar, ƙwayoyin suna da tsayayya ga canjin yanayi.

A cikin yanayin idan aka yi amfani da tsofaffin tsaba don dasa shuki tumatir, an shawarce su da za a bi da su tare da mahadi na jikicewa ta da girma da seedlings.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ya kamata a tuna cewa idan an yi amfani da tsaba daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka ragu a manganese da potassium, zazzafar ƙwayar cutar za ta kasance ƙasa. Don haka irin wadannan tsire-tsire ba su daina ci gaba ba, suna bukatar su kasance cikin cikin maganin hadaddun taki domin awa 24 kafin shuka, kuma sun bushe kafin dasa.

Shirin Matakan Mataki na Mataki

Ka yi la'akari da yadda ake girma tumatir seedlings a cikin peat kofuna. Don shuka tsaba tumatir na buƙatar tsaba da kuma kaya mai kyau tare da ƙasa mai dacewa. A kasan da tukunya zuba malalewa Layer. Yana iya zama shredded eggshell, a saman ta shirya ƙasa. Bai kamata ya kai gefen kimanin 1 cm ba. Bayanan bayan shuka tsaba sanya a tire ko a cikin akwati, wanda aka rufe shi da polyethylene.

Shuka tsaba

Don shuka shi wajibi ne don ɗaukar tsaba mai bushe, to lallai mold ɗin bazai bayyana ba. Abincin shuka a cikin tukwane shuka 1-2 guda, immersing zuwa zurfin ba fãce 15 mm. Daga sama suna rufe ƙasa kuma an yayyafa shi da ruwa. Idan zafin jiki shine + 22 ° C ... + 25 ° C, zai ɗauki kwanaki 6 don germinate, kuma idan ya ƙara zuwa + 30 ° C, seedlings zasu iya bayyana bayan kwanaki 2. Bayan fitowar su, yana da kyawawa don a sauke yawan zazzabi da rana zuwa + 20 ° C, da dare - + 16 ° C.

Ana cigaba da ci gaban seedlings:

• zane;
• rashin hasken rana;
• sosai zazzabi.

Noma seedlings da kuma kasancewar bakin ciki na bakin ciki yana nuna rashin hasken lantarki ko ƙwaya, suna buƙatar fitar da su. Idan akwai tumatir tumatir da yawa a cikin tukunya daya, kana buƙatar barin daya kadai, zabar mafi girma da kuma karfi. Sauran su ne mafi kyau ga tsuntsaye, in ba haka ba tushen zai iya lalace lokacin da aka fitar da shi.

Yadda za a magance seedlings kafin dasa shuki a ƙasa?

Bayan 2 ganye sun bayyana a kan seedling, sai su fara ɗauka. Don tayar da fitowar kananan ƙwayoyin, masu bada shawara suna rarraba taproot ta uku. A farkon ci gabanta, hasken rana kai tsaye bai kamata ya fada a kan seedlings ba. Sanya peat tukwane tare da tumatir seedlings baya ya kamata a wani ɗan gajeren nesa. Yanayin wuri yana hana rikicewar iska.

Bayan na biyu na ganye ya bayyana, yawan zazzabi a cikin dakin da aka samo seedlings shine + 18 ° ... + 20 ° C a rana da + 8 ° C ... + 10 ° C da dare. Wajibi ne a lura da irin wadannan alamun har tsawon makonni uku, sa'an nan kuma da dare ya kamata a ƙara zuwa + 15 ° C. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai bude, ana shirya tsirrai na dare a kan titi don yin amfani da hankali don samun ci gaba a nan gaba.

Bayan mako daya bayan dasa shuki seedlings a cikin tukwane na peat a cikin ƙasa, ya kamata a ciyar da su tare da takin mai magani na ma'adinai. Irin wannan seedling yana da shawarar da za a shayar sau da yawa, amma ba yawa. Peat abu ne wanda ke riƙe da kuma rike da ruwa sosai. Rashin ruwa yana taimakawa wajen hana mold da mildew.

Yaushe kuma yadda za a shuka a ƙasa?

A sake zagayowar na namo na tumatir seedlings a cikin peat tukwane ne kwanaki 60, da kuma ranar dasa a cikin ƙasa bude dogara da iri-iri tumatir da yankin. Mafi sau da yawa ita ce Afrilu a yankuna kudancin, arewacin - Mayu farkon Yuni. Wajibi ne a dasa shuki da tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai tsanani har zuwa + 12 ° C ... + 15 ° C, kuma har lokacin da hadarin dawowa sanyi ya shuɗe.

1. Da farko ku shirya gadaje kuma ku nuna furrows, dangane da yawan bushes a kan gado, da yawa na jeri.
2. Bayan wannan ramukan ramuka.

   Hankali! Doloyen buƙatar buƙata zurfin ba kasa da tsawo na tukunyar peat ba. Za'a iya duba zabin mafi dacewa idan sun kasance zurfin 1.5-2 cm.

3. Don dasa tsire-tsire tumatir ya kamata ya kasance tare da tukunya, kafin an shawarce su su zuba su da ruwa kuma su bi da wani bayani na Bordeaux taya.
4. Ana kuma zubar da shafuka masu lalata tare da ruwa da kwakwalwan katako a cikinsu, wanda aka yayyafa shi a kowane bangare tare da ƙasa.

Bayan saukowa a ƙasa ba zai iya zama bushe ba, saboda kofuna waɗanda suke da ƙarfi. A nan gaba, wajibi ne a sha ruwa a cikin tushen.

Kuskuren kuskure

1. A lokacin da girma seedlings tumatir a peat kofuna waɗanda ba kullum zai yiwu don samun lafiya seedlings. Yawancin ya dogara ne akan tsaba mai kyau, don haka kada ku saya iri mai kyau.
2. Kyakkyawan tumatir tumatir na girma ne kawai a dace da ita ta ƙasa. Idan an dauki ruwan magani mai kyau, tsire-tsire zasu yi girma a hankali ko za su mutu.
3. Lokacin yin amfani da magungunan peat, ko akwai matsala mai girma. A cikin wannan akwati, ana iya jefa tsaba kawai ko a'a.
4. Yawancin lokaci, idan ba a yi shiri na girbi ba, seedlings sun mutu. Wannan tsari ana daukar matukar muhimmanci. Kyakkyawan samfurin da aka karɓa a yawancin hali ya dogara da shi.
5. Akwai babban yiwuwar ci gaban naman gwari a cikin tumatir tumatir a cikin tukunyar maniyyi idan tushen tsarin shine supercooled.
6. Idan ganuwar su hana karuwar asalinsu, tsire-tsire zasu fara sannu a hankali.

A lokacin da seedlings rage ganye zama rawaya, da dalilin shi ne:

• rashin haske;
• matsalar rashin abinci mai gina jiki;
• ci gaban baki baki.

A fasaha na girma seedlings tumatir a peat tukwane ba rikitarwa. Wannan hanya ta ba ka damar samun lafiya da kuma high quality-seedlings. Kuma a nan gaba don tattara girbi mai kyau.