Shuka tumatir daga tsaba a waje: dasawa da ka'idojin kulawa

Lokacin da girma tumatir a bude ƙasa, dole ne ku bi wasu bukatun. Domin samun amfanin gona mai kyau na tumatir, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da tsaba na nau'in zoned, don ƙirƙirar mafi kyaun yanayi don yawan fruiting.

Ka yi la'akari da yadda za a shuka tumatir da abin da za a yi domin yayi girma da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dadi.

Don tsabta, muna ba da damar fahimtar wannan labarin tare da bidiyo na bidiyo game da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa.

Noma fasali

Don namo tumatir daga tsaba a cikin ƙasa mafi sauƙi sukan zabi matsakaici da iri-iri. Da wannan hanya, tumatir tumatir da aka samo a cikin hasken rana da sauri ya kama da tsire-tsire da aka bunkasa ta hanyar tafarki. Wadannan tumatir sun fi karfi foliage da tsarin kunnawa. Nan da nan suna daidaita da sakamakon radiation ultraviolet.

Amfanin shuka shuki a filin bude:

• aiki na rigakafi;
• karfi foliage;
• Ƙananan sarari don gina tushen tsarin;
• rashin damuwa daga saurin tumatir a cikin ƙasa daga tukunya;
• babu ciwon kafa na fata a cikin 100% na lokuta.

Idan mukayi magana game da rashin galihu, na farko shi ne low germination, wanda ya faru ne saboda rasa tsaba saboda rashin kulawa, wanda ya mutu daga sanyi da kuma yawan yalwa, nau'in inganci mara kyau.

Yaushe kuma ina zan shuka tumatir?

A Rasha, ana shuka shuki tumatir a bayan Mayu 12-14, tun a wannan lokaci akwai barazana kadan na rashin sanyi na dare. Kada ku dasa a farkon lokacin bazara, saboda iska da ƙasa suna da sanyi, kuma tsaba tumatir zasu barci har sai kwanakin dumi.

Wajibi ne a sauka a wurin da ake kare shi daga gusts na iska. Tsire-tsire a wurare masu bude sukan mutu daga sanyi da sanyi. Kasashen da suka fi dacewa don dasa shuki shine gadaje inda zucchini, kabewa, kokwamba, legumes da kuma marigayi iri iri iri suna amfani da su. Kada ku dasa a wurin da akwai barkono, tumatir, dankali da eggplant.

Yana da muhimmanci! An bada shawara don zaɓar gadaje waɗanda aka shimfiɗa, bude da kuma kare su daga iska, wannan zai taimaka wajen shuka tumatir a cikin manyan yawa.

Yadda za a shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki?

Mahimmanci sun bada shawarar yin shiri na ƙasa a cikin kaka.. Don haka, bayan an girbe girbi:

• taki;
• ash;
• takin

Dole ne a yi sama sama da bar shi a cikin wannan tsari har sai kwanakin bazara.. Wannan zai ba ta damar samun isasshen kayan abinci a lokacin hunturu. Bayan makonni kafin a dasa shuki, kasar gona ta bushe kuma an shayar da ruwa mai yawa. Wasu lambu suna rufe shi da kunshin filastik wanda zai taimakawa dumi. Lokacin horo don dalili daya ko wani ba'a yi ba, zaka iya shuka tsaba a wuri mai bude cikin rami.

Tsarin shirye

Tsaba tumatir dole ne a tara shi kuma ya taurare. A cikin akwati na farko, an shafe su a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate na mintina 15. Ana tsanantawa sosai kamar haka - ana narkar da tsaba a cikin zane a 3 yadudduka, kuma an sanya shi tsawon kwanaki 1-2 a cikin firiji inda aka adana kayan lambu. Wannan tsarin ya ba ka damar hanzarta fitarwa da kuma tsirrai da tsire-tsire.

Hakanan zaka iya shuka bushe ko shuka tsaba.. Domin su fara tsiro, an saka su a kan bandeji ko gauze, a cikin layi 3. Bayan haka, bar wuri mai dumi a zafin jiki na + 26 ° C ... + 28 ° C. Kula dole ne a dauka cewa masana'anta ba su bushe ba. Bayan bayyanar stalks, ana iya shuka tsaba.

Yadda za a shuka?

Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa don dasa shuki tumatir a fili:

1. Tafe. Ya dace da manyan yankunan. An kirkiro rami na zurfin zurfin mita 30 a ciki.Idan an sanya kananan rami a cikinta, nisa tsakaninta zai zama 30-40 cm Idan an shuka tsire-tsire masu tsayi, an kamata su zama 90 cm baya. Don kananan bushes, 80 cm isa.A wannan hanya yana adana ƙasa kuma ya haifar da yanayi mai dadi don watering tare da tsarin drip da kuma tiyo.
2. Nesting Square. Wannan makirci ya dace da irin tumatir iri iri na tumatir. Tsaran nesa tsakanin samfurori na da 50 cm, kuma tsakanin murabba'i na 80 cm. Wannan wuri ya sa ya yiwu ya haifar da yanayi mai dadi don tillage, watering da girbi.
3. Chess. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin wani mahara a garesu biyu a cikin hanya mai banƙyama. Wannan hanya tana ba ka damar shirya saukowa, ajiye sarari.
4. Tafe ta. Tef an kafa ne daga wani taurare, kuma an dasa shuka a lokaci guda a bangarorin biyu. Nisa tsakanin raƙuman ruwa ya kamata ya zama babban - a kalla 1.5 m. Nisa tsakanin bushes shine 20-30 cm Wannan makirci ya dace da ƙananan ƙwayoyi.

Na farko kula

Bayan an dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa, an bada shawarar yin kananan greenhouse. Don haka, an saka katako na ƙananan waya a cikin ƙasa, wanda aka sanya fim din, an gyara shi a kusa da wurin da tubalin yake. Yarda da dasa tumatir ya kamata a aika a kalla sau ɗaya a rana, zai fi dacewa a yayin rana, don haka bambancin zazzabi ba zai wuce ba.

Hankali! Bayan yaran farko sun bayyana, ko kuma idan akwai hadari na dawowa sanyi, sai suka sanya lutrasil a saman gine-gine da dare. Wannan ya kamata a yi kawai da dare. Bayan kafa yawan zafin jiki na + 20 ° C ... + 23 ° C, an cire greenhouse.

Watering da fertilizing

Mafi zaɓi mafi kyau mafi ban sha'awa shine sau biyu a rana don kwana bakwai.. A wasu lokuta, lokaci daya ya isa, amma a lokaci guda ya kamata ya kasance mai yawa domin shuka don samun ruwa ga kwana bakwai masu zuwa. Yawancin dalilai sun shafi tasiri na ban ruwa. Da fari - wannan shine irin watering a tushen. Wannan zaɓin ya zama dole don ciyar da shuka tare da haɗarin daji kuma a lokaci guda kiyaye yanayin iska a matakin da ya dace.

Har ila yau, ana iya yin watering a kan furrows, tare da babban abu cewa saukad da ba su fada a kan ganye. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa sun juya cikin ruwan tabarau kuma hasken rana suna ƙone tsire-tsire.

Wajibi ne don moisten kasar gona a matsakaici - ba don bada izinin bushewa ba kuma ba a cika ba. Kyakkyawan idan ruwan yana cikin yawan zazzabi ko ruwan sama.

Tushen farko da aka fi kowannen kafa kuma an yi shi makonni 2-3 bayan yaduwa. Yana da ruwa kuma an shirya daga 5 grams na potassium sulfate da kuma 50 grams na superphosphate sauki zuwa 1 guga na ruwa. Har sai wannan lokacin, tsaba suna da abubuwa masu yawa da ke cikin ƙasa. Sa'an nan kuma, jigon jituwa ya ɗora don haka don dukan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire za su sami karin kari 3-4. Idan ƙasa ba ta da iyaka, to, za a ƙara yawan lambar.

Yisti za'a iya amfani da yisti a matsayin mike.: domin 5 l na dumi ruwa 1 kg na yisti da aka dauka. Ana jigilar taro a lokacin rana, bayan da aka rage rabi na ruwa tare da wannan ɓangaren ruwa.

Ƙaramar ciyarwa ta gaba. Zaka iya amfani da ɗayan zaɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa:

• kowane taki mai hadari da nitrogen;
• yisti miya;
• 1 tbsp. nitrophoska for guga na ruwa;
• 0.5 l na kaza ko 1 l na naman alade da 2 tablespoons na ash da 20 grams na superphosphate.

Yanayin yanayin zafi

Tumatir yana daya daga cikin amfanin gona mai zafi, don haka a zazzabi:

• + 14 ° С ... + 16 ° С - germination fara da seedlings siffan;
• + 25 ° С ... + 30 ° C - seedlings na yau da kullum germinate;
• + 10 ° C - girma ya tsaya;
• a ƙasa + 12 ° C kuma sama + 30 ° C - flowering tsaya a nan ba, ovaries fada a kashe;
• har zuwa + 5 ° C kuma mafi + 43 ° C - an shuka shuka da sauri kuma ya mutu;
• a ƙasa + 0.5 ° C - Tumatir ya mutu nan take.

A cikin bude ƙasa girma lafiya tumatir, wanda da mai yawa foliage da kuma iko da kyau-ɓullo da tsarin tushen. Amma don samun girbi mai kyau, kana buƙatar yin ƙoƙari - don shirya ƙasa sosai, don ƙirƙirar dukkan yanayin da ake bukata don ci gaba da shuka.