Yana da muhimmanci a san lambu: a wane zafin jiki ne ya fi dacewa yayi girma da shuka tumatir?

Wasu lokuta zaka iya jin labari na wasu mazaunin rani, wanda ya yanke shawara yayi girma da gonar da hannunsa, ya yada tsaba kuma ya dasa a ƙasa, amma ba su girma kuma ba su girma ba ... Ko kuma, ga alama, tsaba sunyi kullun kuma tsire-tsire ba su ci gaba ba. Mene ne dalili?

Daya daga cikin manyan dalilai a duk matakai na ci gaban shuka shine yawan zafin jiki. Tsayawa gare shi, zaku iya tayar da shuka na tsaba, girma na mai tushe ko rassan tushen tsarin shuke-shuken.

Kowane amfanin gona yana buƙatar tsarin mulkinsa, yana tabbatar da cewa yana yiwuwa a cimma nasara a girbi. Wannan labarin ya dace da batun batun biyan kuɗin da ake bukata don amfanin gona kamar tumatir, a matakai daban-daban na noma.

A wace yanayin yanayi za a iya girma seedlings a gida?

1. Daya daga cikin hanyoyi na shirye-shirye na farko na shuka don shuka shi ne dumama. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan hanya ba ta amfani da dukkan masu shuka kayan lambu ba, amma tsaba suna biye da wannan hanyar ba da sassauci da karfi. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don aiwatar da dumi-tumatir na tumatir, wanda mafi mahimmanci shine yana da wuta a cikin tanda ko kuma a cikin na'urar zafi. Harkokin fasaha na waɗannan hanyoyi sune kamar haka:
   • An dasa hatsi na tumatir a kan takardar burodi da kuma aikawa zuwa tanda, wanda aka fizgewa zuwa + 50 ° C - + 60 ° C, na tsawon sa'o'i 3 tare da yin kwaskwarima;
   • Ana sanya tsaba a cikin jakar auduga kuma an dakatar da su daga baturin baturi (daga + 40 zuwa + 70) na watanni 1.5 - 2.
2. Yawancin lambu suna magana game da amfanin "hardening" da tsaba kafin shuka a ƙasa, wanda ya tabbatar da ci gaba da tsayayya da yanayin zafi a cikin tsire-tsire a nan gaba kuma ya kara yawan aiki.
   Don ƙarfafawa, an sanya tsaba a cikin zane tare da zane mai laushi, sa'an nan kuma a cikin jakar filastik, wanda bazai yarda da danshi ya ƙafe ba.

   Dole ne a aika da jigon zuwa firiji (-1C) na tsawon sa'o'i 12, cikin sa'o'i 12 na gaba da za'a yi shi a dakin dumi a + 20C. Sabili da haka don kwanaki 10 - 15. Idan tsaba sun ba su a wannan lokaci, su kasance a cikin yanayi mai dumi ya kamata a rage ta tsawon 3 zuwa 4.

3. Mataki na gaba wajen shirya tsaba don shuka shine germination. Wannan taron zai ba da izinin zaɓar mafi ingancin ingancin tsaba, da kuma kara da tsirrai, yana inganta cigaba. Don ƙwaya iri, wajibi ne a shirya wani saucer, gauze (zane, takarda takarda), a baya tsaba mai tsanani. An saka tsumma a ruwa mai dumi a kan saucer, an rarraba tsaba a jikinsa kuma ana sanya saucer cikin wuri mai dumi (+ 23 - + 25).

   Sakamakon za'a bayyana a cikin kwanaki 7-10, amma a karkashin yanayin kiyaye yawan zazzabi da kuma tsaftacewa (wajibi ne a tsaftace shi a duk lokacin, hana shi daga bushewa).

Tare da digiri nawa ya kamata ka dasa matasa tumatir?

Dole ne mu manta game da tsarin zafin jiki na daidai lokacin da shuka tsaba, wanda aka gudanar a + 22 - + 25.

Bayan shuka

1. Bayan an dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa, za'a sanya kwalaye a wurin da zazzabi za a kiyaye a + 23C - + 25C har sai fitowar seedlings (bayan kwanaki 5 - 6).
2. Don samar da waɗannan alamu na zafin jiki, akwatunan suna rufe da gilashi ko ƙarawa tare da filastik filastik don ƙirƙirar "tasirin greenhouse", wadda ba a buɗe kafin shuka.
3. Bugu da ƙari, zazzabi, haske yana da muhimmanci ga shuke-shuke na gaba, don haka yana da kyau a ajiye kwantena a kan taga sill na taga ko kudancin fitilu.

Don girma seedlings

Abin da zazzabi ya kamata a lokacin da girma seedlings tumatir? Lokacin da seedlings sun riga sun bayyana, za a saukar da yawan zazzabi a cikin mako guda zuwa + 16 - + 18 da rana da + 11 - + 15 da dare.: irin wannan ma'auni zai hana yaduwa da yawa na harbe. Za a bayar da ma'auni, ci gaba mai kyau na tsire-tsire ta alamar ma'aunin thermometer daskararre a cikin lambobi + 20 + - 22 a cikin rana mai haske da + 18 - + 19 a cikin yanayi mai ban tsoro (alamun dare - + 17 - 18Y) har sai na biyu na gaskiya ya bayyana (bayan kwanaki 30 zuwa 35 bayan germination).

Idan zazzabi ya kauce daga matakan da aka ba da shawarar, to, za a iya rabawa cikin ci gaba da tsire-tsire: za a shafe tsire-tsire tare da karatun ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin zafi mai mahimmanci, zai dakatar da ci gaban su a yanayin zafi. Amma, a lokaci guda, tare da masu nuna alama + 14 - + 16AH, tushen tsarin yana cigaba da tasowa. Cikewar tumatir na tumatir yana faruwa a + 10 ° C, kuma mutuwa a + 5 ° C.

A lokacin da bayan ɗaukar

Hanya na gashin gaskiya biyu a kowanne seedling alamace ce wajibi ne don karban tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena daban. Tun da wannan hanya tana da damuwa ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, dole ne a fara shirya seedlings.

3 - 5 days kafin ranar kiyasta na zama, za a saukar da zazzabi zuwa + 16 - + 18Ywannan zai taimaka wajen bunkasa hanyoyin kare su, don taimakawa wajen samar da furanni mai yawa da ovary. Lokacin lokacin nutsewa da lokacin bayan wannan hanya ya kamata a kasance tare da alamun + 20 - + 22 a ranar rana, + 16 - + 18 a cikin yanayi mai lalacewa da + 12 С - + 14 da dare.

Mafi yawan zazzabi

Tsaro mai zafi

Mafi yawan zafin jiki na iska, wanda seedlings zasu iya jurewa ba tare da girma ba, shine + 30 ° C, ko da yake girma shuke-shuke tsayayya + 40 ° C. Ruwan zafi mai zafi da kuma lokacin rani suna iya haifar da mummunan lalacewar har yanzu shuke-shuke marar girma. Kwararrun masu kula da kwarewa suna daukar wasu matakan don kare tumatir daga zafi.

Alal misali, don kare ƙananan matasan daga hasken hasken rana a sama da seedlings sun shimfiɗa wani tsari mai wucin gadi tare da taimakon wani spanbod, wanda ya ba da damar iska ta yi tafiya a hankali, amma ba a cikin haske mai haske ba. Hanya na gaba ita ce cinye ƙasa tare da ciyawa mai laushi ko sawdust, wanda ke ba ka damar adana ƙasa daga bushewa da tushen daga overheating. Ƙarin shading, sabili da haka, rage yawan zafin jiki zai taimaka wajen haifar da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire (inabi, masara) dasa kewaye da kewaye da shafin tare da tumatir.

Ceto daga sanyi

Cikakken yanayi ba komai bane, kuma a cikin dumi mai sanyi sanyi zai iya faruwa tare da gishiri marar damuwa. Don ajiye tumatir daga mutuwa, Gwaninta masu kwarewa a sama da gadaje sun kafa tsari na lokaci na wucin gadi a kan arches, kuma tsofaffi a rufe su da tsofaffi tufafi na iya ƙara haɓaka maɗaukakin thermal.

Don kare mutum na kowane itace, zaka iya amfani da kwalaye na filastik ko gilashi; a lokacin gajeren gishiri, ana iya rufe kowane daji da takarda, wanda gefensa ya rufe ƙasa.

Kowane lambu, bayan dasa shuki da shuka a kan mãkirci, ya kamata saka idanu akan yanayin yanayi domin ya shirya tsire-tsire don rashin yanayin zafi a cikin lokaci mai dacewa.

Ƙananan digiri na digiri don yin juye cikin ƙasa

Lokacin da tumatir suka fito da ganye 5 - 6 na gaskiya, ya kamata seedlings su fara shirya don dasa shuki a bude ƙasa. Wani ɓangare na tsarin horo shine "hardening" na matasa seedlings. 10 - 14 days kafin sauka, farko na 20 - 30 minutes kana buƙatar bude windows a cikin dakin (amma kauce wa zane!), Inda aka samo seedlings, bayan haka - ana dauke da kwantena tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a sararin samaniya, idan har yawan zafin jiki bai kasance ba + 16C.

Lokaci mai wuya ya kamata ya zama farkon rabin sa'a, sa'annan ku ƙara yawan lokacin da ake amfani da ita a titi; Kwanan 2 na kwanaki 3 da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, zai zama abin kyau don barin dare a bude. Ana dasa tumatir a cikin ƙasa anyi bayan barazanar girgizuka ta sake ci gaba, kuma yawancin zafin jiki na ƙasa yana cikin + 12 ° C, kuma iska bata da ƙasa da + 15 ° C da dare da + 20 ° C a rana.

Temperatuwan wani kayan aiki ne a hannun hannun gwani. Amfani da shawarwarin da ke ƙunshe a cikin labarin, kuma tabbatar da yawan zafin jiki na tumatir, mai kula da lambu a ƙarshen kakar zai sami sakamako mai kyau ga duk kokarin da kulawa - karimci, girbi mai yawa.