Kwayoyin ruwan rawaya da tumatir suna dauke da lambun da ke waje, a kan raye-raye basu da yawa kuma suna da tsada. Duk da haka, noma ba su bambanta da takwarorinsu na gargajiya.
Sauran matasan farko sun bada izini a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci don samun girbi na 'ya'yan itatuwa na zinariya, har ma a yankuna Siberia. Ɗaya daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in shine mahaifiyar Golden.
Karanta a cikin labarinmu cikakken bayanin irin wadannan nau'o'in, fahimtar halaye da halaye masu girma, koya game da jure wa cututtuka.
Tumatir "Golden surukin": bayanin iri-iri
Sunan suna | Golden surukarta |
Janar bayanin | Farkon farko mai girma-samar da matasan na farkon ƙarni |
Originator | Rasha |
Rubening | 85-90 days |
Form | Flat-round tare da kadan ribbing |
Launi | Yellow |
Tsarin tumatir na tsakiya | 120-150 grams |
Aikace-aikacen | Universal |
Yanayi iri | 2.5-4 kg da murabba'in mita |
Fasali na girma | Tsarin tsarin Agrotechnika |
Cutar juriya | Tsayayya ga mafi yawan cututtuka |
Mahaifin Jinsin Golden wanda ke da nauyin nau'in tumatir ne ya shayar da makiyaya na Rasha Lyubov Myazina kuma ya hade a cikin rijista na jihar a iri na 2008. Wannan matashi ne na F1 na farko, wato, an samo shi daga giciye wasu nau'o'i guda biyu kuma yana da matsayi mafi kyau na waɗannan halayen da manoman zasu so a saka shi.
"Golden surukin" shine farkon iri-iri, kwanaki 85-90 sun wuce daga germination zuwa na farko ovary. Gudun Bush, tare da karamin adadin ganye. Yawan ƙarfe kimanin 80 cm. A game da nau'in indeterminantny karanta a nan.
Matasan suna nuna juriya akan wasu cututtuka na tumatir na tumatir: mosaic virus (TMV), tabo bushe (Alternaria) da kuma bacteriosis (kwayar cutar kwayan cutar). Harshen farko na 'ya'yan itace suna samar da matasan marigayi Golden wanda ya dace don girma a yawancin yankuna na kasarmu.
Sakamakon ya dace da gagarumin ƙasa, da kuma gandun daji. Masu sana'anta sun bada shawarar ƙaddamar da fina-finan greenhouses, amma kuma a cikin gilashin gine-gine "Golden surukin" yana nuna kyakkyawar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Waɗanne nau'o'in tumatir suna da matsanancin rigakafi da yawan amfanin ƙasa? Yadda za a yi girma da wuri irin tumatir?
Halaye
'Ya'yan itãcen wannan matasan daura da haske kore, lokacin da cikakke, ya zama kyakkyawan launi-orange-orange. A size - matsakaici, yin la'akari har zuwa 200 grams, yawanci 120-150g. Tumatir yana da kyau sosai, a kan wani daji suna tattare a cikin manyan goge, sun hada tare. A kan 'ya'yan itace mai laushi, ana iya ganin haƙarƙarin, suna rarrabe ɗayan ɗakin 4. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace m. An kiyaye shi sosai kuma ba ya son karkatarwa lokacin da canjin zafi da zafi.
Kwatanta nauyin nauyin 'ya'yan marigayi na Golden da wasu zasu taimake ku teburin da ke ƙasa:
Sunan suna | Nauyin nauyin abinci |
Golden surukarta | 120-150 grams |
Mu'ujizar Mu'jiza | 60-65 grams |
Sanka | 80-150 grams |
Liana Pink | 80-100 grams |
Schelkovsky Early | 40-60 grams |
Labrador | 80-150 grams |
Severenok F1 | 100-150 grams |
Bullfinch | 130-150 grams |
Room mamaki | 25 grams |
F1 farko | 180-250 grams |
Alenka | 200-250 grams |
A cikin ƙasa, har zuwa kilogiram na 'ya'yan itatuwa za a iya girbe daga wani daji, a cikin wani ganyayyaki, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya fi girma - har zuwa 4 kg. Ma'aikata na yin amfani da "Golden-sur-Law" a matsayin nau'i na duniya da ke dacewa da sabon amfani, da kuma adanawa, sarrafawa cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace ko tumatir manna. Kuma idan kawai sun yarda da abin da ke faruwa a cikin gida suna shirye su yi manna 'ya'yan itatuwa rawaya, sa'an nan kuma a cikin salatin wadannan zinariya, tare da tumatir tumatir kadan suna da kyau. Kwaro mai laushi ba ya ƙyale 'ya'yan itacen su kwashe.
Ana iya samo yawan amfanin gonaki a kasa:
Sunan suna | Yawo |
Golden surukarta | 2.5-4 kg daga wani daji |
Rasberi jingle | 18 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Jafin kibiya | 27 kg da murabba'in mita |
Valentine | 10-12 kg da murabba'in mita |
Samara | 11-13 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Tanya | 4.5-5 kg daga wani daji |
Fiye da F1 | 19-20 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Demidov | 1.5-5 kg da murabba'in mita |
Sarkin kyakkyawa | 5.5-7 kg daga wani daji |
Banana Orange | 8-9 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Riddle | 20-22 kg daga wani daji |
Hotuna
Da ke ƙasa akwai hotuna ne na 'yan uwan mahaifiyar tumatir na Golden:
Fasali na girma
Mahaifiyar Golden ita ce matasan, wanda ya bambanta da yawan amfanin ƙasa mai kyau da kyakkyawan lafiyar jiki. Bai bukaci yanayin girma na musamman, amma, kamar kowane tumatir, ya fi son ƙasa mai tsakaici ko kadan acidic tare da pH na 6-7, mai arziki a cikin kwayoyin halitta, kariya daga iska da hasken rana mai haske tare da iska mara kyau.
Girma a cikin wani gandun daji zai buƙaci shinge da tying. Kuna buƙatar ku ciyar da shi a kowace kwanaki 5-7. Zai fi kyau a cire matakai da safe, a yanayin bushe. Idan tumatir suna girma a kan trellis, sa'an nan kuma za'a iya barin stepon daga ƙarƙashin kashi na hudu ko na biyar kuma sannan a ci gaba da daji a cikin biyu mai tushe. Tsire-tsire a fagen bude ba zai iya haifuwa ba, amma zai dauki kadan ya jira don cikakke 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Za'a iya ciyar da tumatir da kayan abinci mai mahimmanci, suna lura da ma'aunin nitrogen, potassium da phosphorus. Tsoma tsire-tsire ta spraying tare da bayani boric acid. Popular tare da lambu da kuma zamani girma promoters, alal misali, HB 101.
Har ila yau, yadda za a yi amfani da kwari da fuka-fuki?
Kara karantawa game da duk takin mai magani don tumatir.:
- Organic, ma'adinai, phosphoric, shirye, hadedde, TOP mafi kyau.
- Yisti, iodine, ash, hydrogen peroxide, ammoniya, acidic acid.
- Don seedlings, a lokacin da ɗauka, foliar.
Kada ka manta game da yanayin daidai na ban ruwa da mulching.
Cututtuka da kwari
Daga cikin cututtuka na tumatir, da farko dai yana da daraja lura da marigayi, wanda wannan matasan ba shi da tsayuwa. Wannan ƙwayar cuta zai iya halakar da dukan amfanin gona tumatir da sauran nightshade a kan shafin. Don yin rigakafi na phytophtora, wanda ya kamata ya kaucewa kaucewa da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, cike da ƙasa da overfeeding tare da takin mai magani. Kara karantawa game da kare kariya daga phytophthora kuma iri dake tsayayyar shi.
Gwajiyar daji mai dadi, Rydomil da sauran masu ƙwayar cuta mai ma'ana. Ya kamata a cire matakan da aka shafa nan da nan daga greenhouses ko gadaje kuma kone su. Karanta kuma game da irin wannan cututtuka na tumatir na tumatir a greenhouses, kamar dai sauransu, fusarium, verticillis da matakan don magance su.
Bar ganye za a iya farmaki da kwari: Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro da larvae, gizo-gizo mites, slugs, caterpillars na butterflies, aphids da whiteflies. Cibiyoyin bincike zasu taimaka wajen yaki da su: Decis, Arrivo, Konfidor Maxi.
Mahaifiyar marigayi ta Golden a matsayin cikakke cikakkiyar samfurori ce mai ban sha'awa. Daga cikin abubuwan da ba a iya yarda da shi ba ne farkon farawa, dandano 'ya'yan itatuwa da bayyanar su. Wani fasali na iri-iri shine babban abun ciki na beta-carotene (provitamin A) a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda shine dalilin launin launi na orange. Babban hasara na "surukar mahaifi" shine, ba shakka, ɗaukar hotuna zuwa marigayi.
Mutane da yawa lambu ne korau da na zuwa F1 hybrids - don tabbacin sakamako, dole ka saya tsaba a kowace shekara. Duk da haka, Uwargidan Golden na F1 tana da shahararrun shahararrun mutane, masu jin daɗi tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa, kyakkyawan kwarewar kiwon lafiya da 'ya'yan itace.
Har ila yau, mun kawo hankalinku ga wasu nau'in tumatir daban-daban tare da sharuɗɗa iri-iri:
Matsakaici da wuri | Ƙari | Late-ripening |
Timofey | Alpha | Firaministan kasar |
Ivanovich | Pink Impreshn | 'Ya'yan inabi |
Pullet | Ƙora mai kyau | De barao giant |
Ruhun Rasha | Mu'ujizai mai lalata | Yusupovskiy |
Giant ja | Mu'ujizan kirfa | Altai |
New Transnistria | Sanka | Rocket |
Sultan | Labrador | Amurka ribbed |