Urushalima artichoke (sunflower, tuberiferous iyali na Astrovs) - a cikin mutanen da aka fi sani da suna "earthen pear". Yana da wani nau'in kayan lambu, wanda ba shi da kyau wanda yake da isasshen ruwa mai arziki a cikin abubuwan gina jiki. Ana amfani da su biyu da tsire-tsire iri iri. Har ila yau, ana shuka shuka zuwa dabbobi, da aka yi amfani da su a magani da kuma magunguna.
Akwai abubuwa da yawa irin na artichoke na Urushalima, da bambancin juna a cikin alamomin waje, da yawan amfanin ƙasa, da yawan tubers, adadin yawan koren da sauran alamomi.
Yaya ba za a yi kuskure ba lokacin zabar?
Tsarin zuwa ga zabi na irin Urushalima artichoke ya dogara da makõma. Bambanci tare da ci gaba da fifiko na ɓangaren ɓangaren tsire-tsire iri iri ne, da kuma iri dake tare da ingantaccen tubers na tubers ne tuber iri-iri na fannin aikace-aikace.
A cikin sharuddan ripening iri Urushalima artichoke ne:
- farkon;
- matsakaici;
- marigayi
Ta dukiyoyinsu, suna iya bambanta ƙwarai. Da yake ci gaba da wannan, yana da muhimmanci a zabi iri na musamman na artichoke na al'adun noma, dole ne ya dace da bukatun manoma. Wato, yana da mahimmanci a nan wane sashi na shuka zai buƙaci, tubers ko ganye. In ba haka ba, samfurin da aka samo ba zai biya buƙatar ba, wanda wanda mawallafa yake so.
Abu na biyu da za a yi la'akari da lokacin zabar iri-iri shine lokaci mai tsabta, wato, lokaci daga dasa shuki zuwa girbi ya isa ya zama wuri mai fadi wanda aka ba, in ba haka ba yana da lokaci don ba da cikakken girbi.
Ya kamata kuma la'akari da gaskiyar cewa daga bisani wasu iri zasu iya cigaba da bunkasa rayuwa. Dole ne yaduwar duhu ya kasance a cikin yawan yawa a ko'ina cikin kakar, saboda haka za'a bukaci dukkanin lokutan tsabta don kada a bar su ba tare da abinci ba a tsakiyar lokacin rani.
Idan Urushalima artichoke ya girma don dalilai na ado ko don kare wasu tsire-tsire daga iskõki, to, iri-iri da kayan ado masu kyau da babban taro masu yawa suna buƙata, wanda ke tabbatar da iyakar sakamako.
Yankin dokoki a wurare daban-daban
Ba kowane iri-iri ya dace da kowane yanki ba, kamar yadda a cikin yankuna daban-daban gaba ɗaya yanayi daban-daban.
- Ga Urals.
Yana da muhimmanci a zabi iri na farko, tun da cigaban ci gaba na wannan nau'in ya kamata lokaci ya wuce kafin farkon hunturu. Haka kuma ya kamata ka dakatar da zabi a kan irin yanayin dake da sanyi wanda zai ba ka damar girma Urushalima artichoke ko da a cikin arewacin latitude, wanda za'a iya barin tubers a cikin ƙasa don dukan hunturu, ba mawuyace, kuma wanda ya ci gaba har sai tazarar 90-100%. Tare da taimakon zaɓin zaɓi, an tsara matasan da yawa tare da kaddarorin da aka kayyade.
- Don tsakiyar Rasha.
Don yankuna dumi na yankin tsakiya na ƙasar, yana da kyawawa don la'akari da kasancewar yawan nau'o'in buƙatun iri don zafi da fari. Haka kuma an bada shawara don zabi iri-iri iri-iri - waɗannan sun fi tsayi (har zuwa 3-4 m), suna bada mai yawa greenery (har zuwa 1000 kg / ha), da kuma tubers, ko da yake ƙananan ƙananan.
- Don Siberia.
A Siberia, ba haka ba ne mai sauki don samun irin wannan fasahar artichoke na Urushalima. Mafi mahimmanci, iri iri na farko sunyi tushe. Hakika, za a iya girma a duk yankuna, amma sun dace da wannan yankin. Tsarin iri na farko zai iya zama a cikin ƙasa har sai bazara, ba tare da asarar dukiya ba.
Bayani da hotuna na babban nau'i
Farawa
Vadim
Shrub daji. Large tubers na 60-65 g, wanda za a iya da kyau kiyaye a cikin cellar dukan hunturu, Ƙarƙasa da yashi. Launi m ruwan hoda.
Farawa
Yana da sauri, don 110 - 125 days. Ba ya buƙatar kulawa na musamman, zai iya girma a cikin inuwa, iri iri yana da damuwa ga fari, zafi da sanyi. Raho mai sashi, kamar 1.5 m, ganye suna da duhu, tare da cloves, suna kama da zuciya. Tsarin tuberous yana da ƙananan, tubers suna da rawaya, ƙananan, sunadarai. A yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers - 250 kg / ha, kore taro - 268 kg / ha.
Volzhsky-2
A cikin wannan nau'i, launi na mai tushe shine launin ruwan kasa, an shirya jigon ganye, akwai mai laushi a cikin ganye. Yana girma kwanaki 100-110. Pear-kamar tubers na launi mai tsaka da launi-furanni, a cikin gida 10-30 tubers. Da iri-iri na iya tsayayya da sanyi da fari. Kyakkyawan Duniya na Ƙarshen Tsakiya. A yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers 150 kg / ha, kore taro - 200 kg / ha.
Matsakaicin
Leningrad
Lokaci na tsawon wannan iri-iri shine kwanakin 140, amma gashinta suna da kyau a cikin ƙasa har zuwa lokacin bazara da kuma riƙe 90% na dukiyar su, sabili da haka ana rarraba iri-iri don Arewa maso yamma. Wani tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire mai karfi, ya bar elongated, yana da wuya. Karfin daji daji. Tubers ne fararen, suna da siffar elongated, matsakaici girman. Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers - har zuwa 498 c / ha, kazalika da kore - 420 c / ha.
Omsk farin
Har zuwa m 2 m, tsaka-tsaka a madaidaici, mai duhu mai duhu tare da launi mai laushi, ganye suna da matsakaici a cikin girman. Tubers ƙananan (55-60 g), mai siffar zobe, daga daji ya karu zuwa 1.5 kg. Lokacin girma shine kwanaki 125-130. Girma cikin kowane yanayi. A yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers - 430 c / ha.
Vylgothic
Yana da wani lokacin farin ciki, m tare da pubescence, yi wa ado a cikin yada shrub. Ana nuna ganye, babba, tare da ƙananan firam. Yellow launi elongated tubers. Lokacin da ake ciyayi don tsire-tsire shine kwanaki 125. A cikin hunturu, da tubers suna 100% adana a cikin ƙasa. Kwayar yawan amfanin ƙasa mai duhu shine 346 kg / ha. An ba da izini ga Arewa, Arewa-Yamma, yankin Volga-Vyatka.
Hungary
Mafi yawan abinci na yau da kullum. Ɗaukaka sosai (har zuwa 5m) tare da rassan rassan, ba ya buƙatar hasken haske, zai iya girma har ma a inuwa.
Late
Nemo
Yawan iri-iri masu zuwa, kwanaki 170-180, yawan amfanin ƙasa, mai kyau ga yankin kudancin kudancin. Sayi weakly branched, tare da m haske ganye. Ƙananan tuberous gurbi, farin-ruwan hoda tubers tare da haske pear-dimbin yawa idanu. Matsayin yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers - 350 kg / ha.
Pasko
Tuberous iri-iri. Kyau mai karfi, mai zurfi, ana nuna ƙarshen ganye, ƙananan furanni masu haske da ƙananan tinge. Yana da manyan tubers yin la'akari 75-90 g, a cikin launi farin tare da creamy tint, elongated. Lokacin girma shine kwanaki 170-180. Girma a ko'ina. A yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers kai 308 c / ha, da kuma kore taro - 354 c / ha.
Abin sha'awa
Yana da kyau sosai, yana tsayayya da zafi da sanyi, amma yana jin dadi idan akwai rashin laka. Yanayin tsufa yana da kwanaki 146, tsabtace a watan Nuwamba, kawai a kudu. Yana da iko mai sauri-girma mai tushe na matsakaici branching. Eyes a kan m tubers. Tsarin yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers shi ne 265 c / ha, kore taro - 436 c / ha.
Sunny
Tall (2 m) tuberous iri-iri, moderately bushy, karfi branched. Yana da manyan, ganye-dimbin yawa ganye. Babban kwandon kwashe. Tubers suna da nau'i na ellipse, launin launi, matsakaicin adadi, nauyin nauyin 60. Tsirrai yana da kwanaki 170. Ya ke tsiro a ko'ina sai dai a yanayin sauyin yanayi. A yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers - har zuwa 400 kg / ha, kore taro - 320 kg / ha.
Species tare da manyan tubers
A cikin manyan nau'o'in, taro na tubers ya kai 100 g ko fiye.
- Mafi yawancin nau'in fasinja shine ƙwayar Pasko, ƙwayoyinta sun kai 80-90 g kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa ya yi tsawo, fiye da 300 kg / ha. Ana iya girma a ko'ina.
- Sunny Sunny - tubers 60 g, sosai high-yawan amfanin ƙasa - har zuwa 400 kg / ha. Yana tsiro a ko'ina, ban da Far North.
- Daban-daban Vadim - nauyin tubers 60-65 g, suna da ƙãra ajiye quality.
Daga nau'o'in iri iri, dole ne ka zaba wa kanka abin da zai fi dacewa da bukatun wannan albarkatun kayan lambu mai mahimmanci da suke amfani da su a aikin noma, masana'antu da magani.
