Anthurium ja: girma a gida

Anthurium red ne mai ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa shuka wanda ya lashe matsayi na masu shuka furanni tare da sabon abu siffar da haske daga launi na furanni. Ba zai yi wuya a shuka shi a gida ba, don haka ko da novice florists iya samun flower a cikin dakin greenhouses. Abin da wannan injin yayi kama da abin da ya kamata ka sani game da nuances na kula da shi - karanta game da shi a kasa.

Bayanin Botanical na shuka

Anthurium ja - tsire-tsire na iyalin Aroids, jinsin Anthurium. Dangane da haske mai haske, an bayyana shi ta hanyar ƙaruwa sosai kuma zai zama abin ado na kowane gida. Fushinsa masu launi suna da duhu mai duhu, ƙwayar zuciya ko siffar arrow, kuma suna tsaye a kan bakin ciki, amma a lokaci guda karfi, mai tushe. Irin wannan nau'in ya kai akalla 75 cm a tsawo, ko da yake yawancin samfurori na girma zuwa 80 cm, tare da nisa har zuwa rabin mita.

A lokacin flowering a kan peduncles, an kafa wani nau'i mai siffar da yayi kama da karu: shi ne mafi kyau ɓangare na shuka. Launi na launuka masu tasowa kusan kusan ja ne, sau da yawa suna ja duhu. A karkashin yanayin kirki mai kyau, ƙila ba za a sami fashewa a flowering ba, sai dai a lokacin lokacin hunturu furanni zasu ɓace daga tsire don 1-2 watanni.

Ainihin, anthurium yana samar da sababbin flower stalks daga kowane ganye sinus, kuma su duka na ƙarshe game da 5-6 makonni. Sakamakon ci gaba na peduncles yana tabbatar da tsawon flowering da kuma adana babban kayan ado na dogon lokaci.

Yana da muhimmanci! An shuka wannan shuka ta hanyar samar da yara, wanda, kamar babban daji, na iya samar da furannin flower tare da furanni. A cikin nau'in mahaifiyar suna ko da yaushe mafi, kuma yara ba su da ƙasa.

Yanayi don girma a gida

Hakanan Anthurium ja, kamar kowane irin wannan shuka, ba za'a iya kiran shi ba mai kyau ba, sabili da haka, lokacin da yake girma a gida, da farko ya zama dole ya haifar da yanayin dacewa don ci gaban aiki da kuma ci gaba da furen.

Yanayi da haske

Tun da anthurium ya fito ne daga wurare masu zafi, yana son filayen hasken rana, amma a lokaci guda ya isa ya dace da photosynthesis mai aiki a cikin ganyayyaki. Wurin da ke cikin kudancin windows don ajiye tukunya ba zaiyi aiki ba, kamar yadda yake nunawa ta hasken rana, hasken rana da furanni zai iya ƙonewa, kuma sassan launi zasu fara juya launin rawaya, curl kuma fada a kashe.

Bugu da ƙari, tsire-tsire da aka sanya a tsakiyar ɓangaren dakin ko a cikin wani tafarki mai sauƙi ba zai sake sintar da furen furanni ba tare da furanni, sabili da haka wuri mafi kyau ga anthurium zai kasance gabas ko yammacin gidan da haske mai yawa, amma ba tare da nunawa mai tsawo zuwa hasken rana ba. A lokacin hadari, yin amfani da isassun hasken wuta, wanda aikinsa ya dace da fitolampy.

Kula da irin waɗannan anthurium kamar Scherzer da Andre.

Air zazzabi da zafi

Idan akai la'akari da yanayi mai zafi na tsire-tsire, za a kiyaye yawan zazzabi a cikin ɗakinsa mai girma a + 20 ... + 25 ° C a lokacin rani kuma ba kasa da + 18 ° C a cikin hunturu ba. Ragewar wadannan dabi'u yana haifar da mutuwar shuka.

Game da yanayin zafi mai kyau a cikin dakin, zai iya haɗu da alamun misali na 40-50%, amma a wannan yanayin, a lokacin rani dole ne ku yi ladabi yau da kullum, akalla sau ɗaya a rana. Don samar da injin tare da matsanancin zafi, zaka iya sanya tukunya a cikin gidan wanka, musamman ma idan girmansa da matakin hasken lantarki ya ba shi damar. A lokacin dumi yana da amfani a dauki flower zuwa titi, amma wajibi ne kawai a wuri mai duhu, kare shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye.

Shin kuna sani? Duk wani nau'i na anthurium an dauke su ne kawai na bambancin namiji na tsire-tsire, wanda zai iya bunkasa mahimmancin makamashi na wakilan mawuyacin jima'i da inganta al'amuran yanayi a gidan, yana ba iyali farin ciki da jin daɗin rayuwa.

Kulawa na gida

A lokacin da ake kula da gidan gida, ya kamata ku kula da hankali ga yanayin watering, da takin gargajiyar, da shinge, har ma da pruning, wanda tsarinsa yana da siffofin halayen da yawa. Wannan kuma ya shafi jigon jan anthurium, wanda ba zai iya faranta maka rai ba tare da biyan bukatun da aka bayyana a kasa ba.

Watering dokoki

Ƙasa a cikin tukunyar katako dole ne ya kasance dan kadan damp, amma ba tare da haushi ba. A matsakaici, ana shayar da furen sau 2-3 a mako, rage wannan mita kawai a cikin lokacin dormancy na hunturu. Ya kamata a riƙa rabu da ruwa mai tsabta a kowane lokaci (akalla kwanaki 5) da kuma tace shi, musamman ma idan ya zo fadin.

Wani ruwa mai haɓakaccen ruwa kuma an dauke shi dace da ban ruwa - 2-3 saukad da ruwan 'ya'yan lemun tsami an narkar da shi a lita 1 na ruwa. Lokacin watering tare da irin wannan abun da ke ciki yana tabbatar da ci gaban haɗin kai da kuma inganta flowering of anthurium.

Top dressing

Gaba ɗaya, anthurium yayi dacewa da matakan kari, amma a lokaci guda ba sa son yawan kayan abinci a cikin ƙasa. Don kada a kuskure kuma kada ka bada izinin kariya, yana da muhimmanci a ciyar da furen kawai a lokacin bazara-rani tare da daidaitawa sau ɗaya a cikin watanni 1-1.5.

Daga abinci mai gina jiki ya dace da takin mai magani na duniya don fure-furen ciki ko kwayoyin halitta - duk da haka, ya kamata a rage yawan haɓakar su ta hanyar sau 2-3 saukin da mai amfani ya ba da shawarar. Kyakkyawar micro da abubuwa macro wasu lokuta mafi haɓaka ga flower fiye da kasawa, don haka idan kunyi shakkar muhimmancin yin amfani da abun da aka zaɓa, to ya fi dacewa ku jira kadan tare da hawan hawan.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan anthurium ba shi da lafiya ko kuma an samu karin kwari a kai, to, ya fi dacewa don dakatar da ƙarin ciyarwa. Wajibi ne don jinkirta gabatarwar kayan abinci a cikin yanayin idan yazo ga matasa, ɓoyayye marasa tushe tare da tsarin raunin rauni - kusan kowane nau'i na iya ƙona ƙarancin tausayi.

Pruning

Ba'a buƙatar anthurium da ake tsarawa, amma sai a cire furen furen flowering a bayan kowace flowering. Yi wannan hanya sosai a hankali kuma kawai tare da wuka mai kaifi wanda ba ya barin burg a wuraren da aka yanka: dole ne su dace da ainihin tushe na toho, kuma don kaucewa juyawa wuri, ya fi kyau a yayyafa tare da carbon da aka kunna.

A madadin, za ka iya jira har sai murfin ɓacin tsire-tsire ya bushe, bayan haka ya cire shi - tare da lokacin da ainihin ya bushe gaba ɗaya kuma sauƙin raba shi daga flower. Ƙunƙarar da aka yanka ko da aka juya suna ƙarƙashin cirewa, kuma za a iya yanke wasu gefen gefe na sassan layi lafiya.

Tashi

A cikin shekaru biyu na farko na rayuwar shuka, baza ayi dashi ba, tun da furen yana da isasshen sarari a cikin tukunya. Daga na uku zuwa shekara ta biyar na namo, tsire-tsire zai canza wuri na ci gaba a kowace shekara, sannan a kowace shekara 2-3. Bugu da ƙari, duk lokacin da layin malalewa ya kamata ya ƙara zama, da kuma shuka - don zurfafa cikin ƙasa.

Dole ne tukunyar filaye ya kasance mai sauƙi, amma 2-3 cm ne kawai fiye da na baya.Abin da aka yi amfani da wannan samfurin ba shi da wani bambanci mai ban mamaki, amma don kaucewa damuwa daga laima a asalinsu, yana da kyau a zabi zaɓin yumbu ko kwantena na filastik, amma ko da yaushe tare da malalewa ramukan.

Garin Anthurium ya kamata ya zama mai laushi kuma mai gina jiki. A cikakke tsari, zai iya adana ƙasa don bromeliads, kochids ko ma cacti, amma tare da abun ciki wajibi na peat, wanda ya sa da substrate more friable. Idan ba'a saya ƙasa ba, zaka iya shirya shi da kanka ta hanyar haɗuwa da peat, yashi da humus, tare da ƙarin ƙaramin Pine ko spruce needles.

Yana da muhimmanci! Don ƙara yawan hawan iska da yawa mai yalwar ƙasa, zaka iya ƙara ƙanshin kwalba, kumfa ko ƙananan pebbles zuwa kayan da aka shirya.

Tsarin dashi yana dogara ne akan wasu ayyuka nagari:

1. Ciko da wani sabon tanki mai dashi tare da takarda mai laushi kuma ya shirya ƙasa (kimanin 1/3 na duka girma).
2. Cire wani shuka daga wani tukunya da tukunya da kuma sanya shi a cikin sabon akwati.
3. Ciko da sauran sararin samaniya tare da cakudaccen ƙasa, ba tare da rufewa ba, amma ba tare da an rage ruwa ba.
4. Don kula da isasshen danshi, zaka iya rufe surface tare da gogaggun sphagnum.

Domin kwanakin 3-4 masu zuwa, za'a iya barin shuka a wuri na farko, amma a nan gaba ya fi kyau don motsa shi zuwa hasken haske mai haske na gabas ko yammacin windows.

Kiwo

Sake gyara na shuke-shuke na cikin gida shine ɗayan ayyuka na gaggawa ga kowane lambu, saboda ba wai kawai zaka iya samun karin furanni da kafi so ba, amma zaka iya ajiye wasu samfurori daga mutuwa saboda sakamakon lalata ɓangaren rhizome.

Lokacin da ake girma anthurium, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin irin wannan hanya: raga na daji, grafting (ganye da kuma harbe), kuma yaduwar iri yana da kyau daidai.

Raba daji

Wannan hanya ne kawai ya dace da masu furanni masu furanni, saboda yana buƙatar cikakken daidaiton duk ayyukan da aka yi. Anthurium Tushen suna halin karuwar rashin ƙarfi, don haka akwai yiwuwar lalacewa. An rarraba rhizome da hannu, sannan kuma a kowannensu ya karbi rabi zai kasance akalla daya girma girma da 3-4 ganye: wannan ita ce kadai hanya don tabbatar da rayuwa mai sauri na shuka a cikin wani sabon wuri.

Don samun kayan dasa, dole ne kuyi matakan da ke biyowa:

1. Zabi tsire-tsire na jan anthurium tare da yawan yawan 'ya'yan da ke kai tsaye.
2. Shirya rassan tanki mai banbanci wanda ke da nau'i mai nau'i biyu ko uku na lalata ruwa da karamin adadin ƙasa.
3. Yi amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar fure daga tukunya ta baya sannan kuma raba rago daga mahaifiyar daji tare da wani ɓangare na tushen tsarin.
4. Saki kowane daji a cikin kwantena masu rarraba kuma cika shi da sauran ƙasa, kusa da gefen tukunya.

Shin kuna sani? Yawancin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da ikon da za su iya rinjayar makamashi a cikin gida. Alal misali, Tradescantia zai kare mazauna daga kishi, kuma geranium zai kare daga idon mugunta.

Abin lura ne cewa haifuwa da anthurium ta rarraba daji yana baka damar samun samfurin samfuri na farko a cikin shekaru na farko - na biyu na namo.

Harbe

Hanyoyin tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire suna daya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa da haɓakar su, tun lokacin da cututtuka na yau da kullum suna da tushe da sauri a cikin sabon wuri.

Abu mafi muhimmanci shine bi wasu ka'idodin hanya, manyan abubuwan da suke biyowa:

1. Kuna iya girbi cututtuka kawai daga shuke-shuke da ba'a lalace ta hanyar cututtuka ko kwari.
2. Ya kamata a ci gaba da nuna ci gaba a kan kowane ɓangaren zaɓaɓɓen fasalin.
3. Sakamakon mafi kyau na yankan ba fiye da 2-3 internodes ba.
4. Bayan yankan, kowane katse ya kamata a bushe don minti 10-15 kuma bayan da ya kamata a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa - wannan lokacin zai isa ya hana cigaba da tsirrai daga sprouts.

Tsarin grafting ja anthurium ya ƙunshi matakai masu mahimmanci:

1. Rabuwa da katako mai dacewa daga mahaifiyarsa - an yanka shi da wuka mai kaifi a kusurwa.
2. Gyaran sashin kashi a cikin ruwa (sanyaya mai sanyaya) ko cakuda ƙasa har sai tushen farko ya bayyana akan shi. A kasan tanki da ruwa, zaka iya jefa kwamfutar hannu na carbon da aka kunna, kuma yana da kyau a shirya matashi mai dacewa daga adadin peat, yashi da perlite. Dasa dasa kayan a cikin akwati daban don girbewa ya kamata a kai shi zuwa zurfin 5 cm, kuma don saurin daidaitawa, zaka iya rufe cuttings tare da wani inverted iya ko ƙirƙirar karamin greenhouse ta amfani da jakar filastik. A matsakaita lokaci rooting - 2-3 makonni.
3. Gyara dashi da aka sare a cikin tukunya mai dorewa da kungiya na kulawa. Wadannan hanyoyi anyi su ne a cikin hanya guda kamar yadda aka yi amfani dashi, ta hanyar amfani da kayan aikin ƙasa daya.

Domin yatsan ya dauki tushe sosai a sabuwar wuri kuma fara farawa, zai dauki akalla shekaru biyu.

Bar

Hanyoyin anthurium da lakaran ganye a hanyoyi da yawa suna kama da tsarin cututtuka ta hanyar harbe, tare da bambanci kawai cewa a maimakon wuraren da aka bayyana, ana amfani da ganye mai kyau (tare da petiole). Kafin a sanya su a cikin kayan da aka shirya, dole ne a juya su a cikin wani bututu kuma a gyara su a wannan matsayi tare da ofishin danko.

Har ila yau karanta dalilin da yasa anthurium ba ya yi fure da abin da zai yi ba.

Dredging a cikin ƙasa an yi kusan kusan dukan tsawon takardar, kawai 1/3 na tsauri ya kamata ya kasance a saman surface. Duk da haka, nasarar nasarar aiwatarwa a duk wani akwati ya dogara da daidaitattun adadin lalacewa da nauyin gina jiki: a cikin wannan yanayin, yana da kyau saya ƙasa a shirye don ƙananan violets.

Don bugun ƙaddamar da cututtuka na ganye zai taimaka mafin filastik ko fim na filastik wanda zai taimaka wajen haifar da tasirin greenhouse a kan rike. Idan an lura da dukkanin yanayin girma, sprout na farko zai bayyana daga tsakiyar bututu game da wata daya bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Zai yiwu a dasa dashi shuka zuwa wuri na dindindin na girma ba a baya ba a watanni 2-3.

Tsaba

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don samun kayan shuka mai kyau shi ne saya daga kantin kayan sana'a ko kuma daga masu karɓa, amma ya kamata ka duba kwanakin karewa (anthurium tsaba suna cike cikin watanni 3-4 bayan tarin).

A gida, ana iya samar da tsaba mai mahimmanci ta hanyar gyaran furanni na wucin gadi: a lokacin lokacin flowering, wajibi ne don tattara pollen (wani laushi mai laushi) daga kunnen furanni na farko, da kuma rufe shi cikin takardar takarda, saka shi a cikin ajiya a firiji, inda za'a ajiye tikitin har ya bayyana a kan shuka na biyu flower. Na gaba, dole ne a gurfanar da flower na biyu tare da tattara pollen.

Don tabbatar da nasarar wannan hanya, yana da daraja sake maimaita shi kwanaki 4-5 a jere. Ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa da berries suna bayyana a kan shuka ba a baya fiye da watanni 8-12 bayan hanya ba. A cikin kowannensu, an ba da tsaba 1-4, wanda, bayan hakar, dole ne a wanke shi sosai da ruwa kuma a shafe tsawon sa'o'i 2 a cikin wani bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate, wanda zai hana hanawar mold.

Tsarin shuka amfanin gona ba ya daukar lokaci mai yawa - domin wannan ya kamata ka:

1. Yi akwati don seedlings da kuma cika shi da matakan da ya dace (zai iya zama cakuda peat da yashi).
2. Shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 0.5 cm ko kuma kawai yada su a kan ƙasa na ƙasa, kawai dan kadan yafa masa a saman.
3. Yi wanka da ƙaramin kwalba da kuma rufe bishiyoyi tare da fim ko gilashi, yana neman ƙirƙirar sakamako na greenhouse.

Kafin fitowar harbe, wajibi ne a yi iska a kowace rana, kuma, idan ya cancanta, tofa shi da kwalba mai laushi, rike da zafin jiki a dakin a + 25 ° C. Yawancin lokaci, ƙwayar da aka shuka tsaba anthurium yana daukan fiye da watanni 1-2, kuma ana iya lura da shuka sabon shuka kawai bayan shekaru 4.

Cututtuka da kwari

Daga cikin cututtuka na anthurium, cututtuka na parasitic fungal suna da haɗari, musamman, anthracnose, wanda ke nuna kansa a cikin yanki na gefen ganye kuma a cikin muni ko cikakkiyar mutuwa daga dukan tsire-tsire. Kamar kwari, wadannan matsalolin zasu iya shafar anthurium na al'ada, don haka ka tabbata cewa kasar gona tana da kyau a wanke dashi (ba tare da tarawa ba), babu wani zane a dakin, kuma ganyayyaki suna da isasshen hasken rana.

A cikin yaki da anthracnose da sauran cututtuka na jan anthurium, kwayoyi irin su Previcur, Scor, Ordan, Fundazol za a iya amfani da su a cikin sakon da aka nuna akan kunshin. Daga cikin qananan kwari a kan flower yafi lodge aphids, scutes, gizo-gizo mites da thrips, wanda na rayayye ciyar a kan sap na shuka da kai ga mutuwarsa.

Tare da canje-canje kaɗan a cikin jihar anthurium, duba furanni da kyau, kulawa da hankali a cikin rassan launi, tun da yake akwai wuraren mulkin kwari masu yawan kwari. Har ila yau kula da abubuwan hawa na laka, kuma idan suna da katako, to lallai tsire-tsire suna shan wuya daga wani tsinkar gizo-gizo.

Daga cikin shirye-shiryen maganin kwari mafi inganci don kulawa da ƙwayoyi na gida na furanni na gida, za a iya bambanta shirye-shirye na gaba:

• Aktara;
• Actellic;
• "Flumate";
• Oberon;
• "Akarin";
• Hanyar;
• "Fitoverm";
• "Biotlin";
• "Sanya".

Kara karantawa game da cututtuka masu girma da kwari na anthurium.

Sanin yadda za a kula da tsire-tsire mai kyau da kuma m, haɗarin tasowa daga cikin matsalolin da aka kwatanta za'a iya ragewa, kuma idan alamun rashin lafiya ko gaban kwari suna faruwa, to, zai fi sauƙin magance su. Yi hankali da furanninka, kuma ja anthurium zai yi murna da kyawawan kayan ado.