Melilot ne mai ciyawar shekaru biyu na dan wasan legume. An samo shi a duk nahiyoyi, amma ya fi yawa a cikin Eurasia. Mashahurin sanannen tsire ne a ƙarƙashin sunayen "zaki da Clover", "burkun", "ciyawa mai bacci", "kumburi kumburin", "ciyawar sabulu", "barga". Kodayake ba shi yiwuwa a kira Clover musamman kayan ado, yana kawo fa'idodi mai kyau ga rukunin yanar gizon da mutum, kuma kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma. Saboda wannan, yana da daraja akalla sau ɗaya a cikin 'yan shekaru don shuka shi a shafin.
Bayanin Botanical
Melilotus shine amfanin gona iri na shekara-shekara ko na ƙananan ciyayi har zuwa 1-2 m. Rhizome mai ƙarfi, wanda aka yi wa katako zai iya shiga ƙasa zuwa zurfin 150 cm. Bakin ciki, ɗauka da sauƙi branched mai tushe an rufe shi da santsi fata mai laushi. Suna samar da tsirrai amma tsintsiya mara tushe.
A harbe wasu ƙananan tsallake ko ganyen lanceolate tare da wavy ko serrated gefuna. Suna lanƙwasa dan kadan tare da tsakiyar jijiya. Fentin yana fentin cikin launin kore mai launin shuɗi. A kowane petiole 3 raba ganye girma. Stian ƙananan ƙa'idodin suna kasancewa a kan haɗin tare da tushe. A tsakiyar ganye petiole ne dan kadan ya fi tsayi a kaikaice.
A saman tushe da tafiyar matakai na gefansa, ana kafa dogayen sikelin tserewar inflorescences. Coan ƙaramin corollas akan gajerun yadudduka a kamanni sunyi kama da asu 2-7 cm tsayi .. Fure furanni ana zanen shuɗi ko fari. Lokacin furanni yana farawa daga Yuni zuwa Agusta kuma yana kimanin wata daya. A tsakiyar Satumba, 'ya'yan itãcen sun girma - ƙanana, elongated wake tare da fewan tan tsaba waɗanda ke kama da wake.
Iri mai zaki da Clover
Ba za a kira bambancin rayuwar 'Clover' ba. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan tsire-tsire 22.
Melilotus officinalis (rawaya). Itace shekara biyu tare da kara mai itace rhizome ta zama iska mai iska, wacce aka yi wa lakabi da sikari 100-150. An rufe shi da kananan ƙananan lectolate sau uku. Hannun jari ya yi girma a kan shimfidar ƙasa mai bakin ciki kuma sun ɓoye gefuna. Inflorescences a cikin hanyar kunkuntar sako-sako da goge Bloom on na bakin ciki harbe. Niman ƙananan ƙwayoyin asu asu ne rawaya. Petals sun kewaye dogo 10 masu tsawo, 9 daga cikinsu da zaren fused. Ya danganta da yanayin, fure yana faruwa a watan Yuni-Satumba.
Melilot fari ne. Yankin shekara-shekara ko kuma shekara-shekara tare da kara mai tushe ya girma 60-70 cm a tsayi. An rufe harba da ganye sau uku. An yi saman saman tare da kunkuntar goge tare da ƙananan fararen furanni. Suna farawa a lokacin rani. Gabaɗaya, fure yana ɗaukar kusan wata guda, amma fure guda ɗaya yana ɗaukar kwanaki 2. Tsarin yana samar da adadin ƙwayoyin nectar kuma shine mafi kyawun ƙwayar zuma a cikin halittar.
Balaguron Indiya. Kyakkyawan ƙwayar herbaceous na shekara yana girma 15-50 cm a tsayi. Gashinanunsa an rufe shi da ƙananan, litattafan obovate mai duhu ko launi mai launi. Gajerun sako da ya ƙunshi fure mai launin shuɗi 2-3 mm mai tsayi. Suna Bloom a farkon rabin bazara.
Kyakkyawan Clover garma. Ciyawa na shekara-shekara suna girma a hankali, ɗan ƙaramin harbe harbe 15-100 cm tsayi. Takaddun ganye kusa da ƙasa sun fi girma. Tare tare da petiole, tsawon su ya kai cm 6.5 Launi na ganye ya zama kore mai haske. A lokacin bazara, harbe masu fure da furanni masu launin shuɗi 5-7 mm mai tsawo a buɗe akan harbe.
Noma
Saboda ɗan gajeren rayuwar rayuwa, ana shuka ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta zuriya. An shuka su nan da nan a cikin ƙasa bude kafin hunturu ko a Maris-Afrilu a zazzabi 0 ... + 4 ° C. Kafin yin shuka, an tsoma tsaba a cikin ruwan dumi don awanni 2-4, har fatar ta yi laushi. Don ingantacciyar ƙwayar cuta, ana kuma aiwatar da scarification.
Don shuka, shirya rijiyoyin tare da zurfin 1.5-2 cm a nesa na 50-60 cm.Hankunan suna warwatse da hannu ko ta amfani da kayan aikin gona. Yawan amfani da iri: 200-250 g / ar. Harbe yana bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10-15. Lokacin da seedlings suka girma wasu ganye na gaske, suka yi sako, suna daɗazara tsakanin tsire-tsire zuwa cm 30. A cikin shekarar farko, fure yakan faru kusa da ƙarshen bazara, don haka 'ya'yan itatuwa ba su shuka. Yana da yawa ba yawa.
Siffofin Kulawa
A cikin kula ciyawa Clover ba whimsical. Ana yanke hukunci mai mahimmanci ta hanyar zaɓin madaidaici na wurin. Dankin yana buƙatar haske mai yawa. Yana jure wa zafi mai ƙarfi da sanyi sanyi sosai, saboda haka baya buƙatar tsari.
Soilasa don dasa shuki na iya zama yumbu mai nauyi, yashi ko dutse. Koda a ƙasa mai gishiri, Clover zai yi girma. Koyaya, a cikin wuraren acid da ambaliyar ba zai iya rayuwa ba. Hakanan yana daidaita da kyau zuwa farar ƙasa. Kafin dasawa, an hadu da qasa tare da karamin adadin kwayoyin halitta. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin taki.
Tsire-tsire suna tsayayya wa fari, saboda haka yawanci basa buƙatar shayarwa. Sai kawai tare da tsawaita tsawo babu hazo, lokacin da ƙasa sosai fashe, yana yiwuwa ruwa ruwa plantings da yafa.
A cikin kaka, duk sama-ƙasa ɓangare ya bushe ya mutu. Kyakkyawan rhizome, doguwar rhizome ta kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Tuni a farkon lokacin bazara, sabon tsiro ya fito daga buds na sabuntawa. Idan akwai ruwa sosai daga narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, harbe-harben na iya jujjuyawa.
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da Clover zaki da keɓaɓɓun, ciyawar abinci da amfanin gona na magani, an yanke shi a mataki na budding. Don haɓaka taro kore, ana bada shawara ga datsa tushen tare da mai noma na musamman. Sannan zai haɓaka mafi kyau kuma ya kasance cike da abubuwan gina jiki.
Amfani da tattalin arziki
Melilot yana kawo fa'idodi mai yawa ga shafin. Kyakkyawan takin zamani ne. Dabbobin sunadarai a lokacin bazuwar suna samar da kasar gona da adadin adadin mahadi da sauran abubuwan gina jiki. A lokaci guda, tushe mai ƙarfi da tsayi yakan ratsa cikin zurfin rijiya har ma ya kwance ko da ƙananan daskararrun yumɓu da yumɓu.
Isasa ta zama ƙasa da ƙasa. A kan yashi na loamy da ƙasa mai haske, rhizomes, akasin haka, suna da sakamako mai ɗaurewa kuma suna hana lalacewa. Idan ba ku yanke harbe ba, za su riƙe dusar ƙanƙara. Additionalarin amfani da zaki da Clover shine iyawarsa don magance tushen lalacewa, wireworms da nematodes. Hakanan, kamshin sa ya mayar da jijiyoyi.
Ciyawar ciyawa da ciyawa da aka samo daga sarewa da aka yanka ta hada da kayan abinci mai yawa. Shuka zai iya gasa tare da alfalfa ko Clover. Abin baƙin ciki, yayin da suke girma a cikin mai tushe, yawancin adadin coumarins suna tara, kuma suma suna da saurin gaske. Sabili da haka, ana shirya ciyarwar a mataki na budding. Ana ba da shawarar Melilot don haɗuwa tare da wasu tsire-tsire. Yana kara yawan madara da kitse na jiki a cikin dabbobi.
Al'adar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin ƙwayar zuma. White Clover ya fi tasiri. A lokacin furanni, ƙudan zuma suna tara ƙwayoyin nectar a cikin adadin 1.5-2 c / ha.
Melilot zuma yana da farar fata, launuka na amber da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Ana amfani dashi ba kawai azaman mai daɗi ba, har ma don magani. Yin amfani da samfurin yana haifar da lactation a cikin mata masu shayarwa. Hakanan ana ɗauka azaman maganin antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory wakili. Yana rage jin zafi, yana magance hauhawar jini, da kuma hurawar jijiyoyin jiki. Hakanan ana amfani dashi a waje, ana amfani da damfara a kirji tare da cutar mastitis.
Kayan magani
Clover zaki da wadata a coumarins, mai mahimmanci mai, resins, gamsai, tannins. Ana amfani dashi da karfi a maganin gargajiya. Don dalilai na magani, ana amfani da furanni da na sama na harbe tare da ganye. An yanke su da bushe, sannan rubbed da hannuwanku, kuma an cire mai tushe mai wuya. Sakamakon albarkatun ƙasa ana adana su cikin ambulan takardu har zuwa shekaru 2. Tana da ƙanshi mai daci da zafin rana.
Maganin shafawa, kayan kwalliya da bugun giya ana yin su ne daga bushe ciyawa. Ana ɗaukar kayan ado da tinctures na baki don maganin rashin bacci, ciwon kai, hauhawar jini, mashako, flatulence da cystitis. Ana amfani da damfara daga kayan kwalliya don maganin cututtukan fata, radiculitis, sprain, basur, matakai masu kumburi da raunuka akan fatar. Maganin shafawa na fure yana taimaka rage zafin gwiwa.
Clover magani yana da contraindications. Da farko dai, ba tare da banda ba, kowa ya kamata ya kara sashi ba, tunda coumarins na iya yin illa ga lafiya. Sakamakon haka, amai, rashin bacci, da ciwon kai suna bayyana. Har ila yau, Melilot yana contraindicated idan akwai jini na ciki da cututtukan hanta.
