Gasteria shine manufa ga wadanda masu fure-fure masu zaɓar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire marasa amfani don namo. Ko da ma ba a bayyana fure ba, suna kokawa da ido tare da sauki da sophistication, musamman ma idan kana la'akari da halaye na kowannensu. Abin da ya kamata ku sani game da Gaster da kuma yadda za'a tsara kula da ita a gida - wannan za a tattauna a wannan labarin.
Bayanin Botanical na tsire-tsire na cikin gida
Babban kayan ado na Gaster shi ne yafi yawa saboda kasancewar ganye mai laushi, da aka nuna ko taso keya, tare da yanayin halayyar halayyar ko ba tare da shi ba. Kusan dukkanin su suna riƙe da sashi mai tsayi kuma an shirya su a layuka da yawa, sai dai takamaiman launi zai dogara ne akan nau'in da aka zaba: babban tushe ya bambanta daga duhu zuwa sautin launin kore, kuma a bisansa akwai alamun da ake gani a bayyane ko tsalle-kamar stains na launi mai haske, wanda ya haifar sababbin zane-zane. Tsawon iyakar tsawon ganye shine 30 cm, amma a wasu nau'in ba su girma fiye da 10 cm ba.
Shin kuna sani? A wasu lokuta ana kiran mutanen Gaster "jirgin ruwa mai-gwanin", wanda aka bayyana ta wurin kasancewa mai girma a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren na perianth.
Ana karuwa a cikin kayan ado na Gaster a lokacin aikin flowering, yayin da cikin tsirrai da ƙwayoyin nama suna nuna tsawon lokaci, har zuwa 40-70 cm (kafa bayan kowane layi na launi). Raba kananan furanni an tattara su a cikin launi-kamar inflorescences kuma ana nuna launin launi a cikin launin su: a matsakaita, tsakanin rawaya, kore da kuma ruwan tabarau.
Mafi yawan masanan Gaster yau sune wadannan:
- Warty - Tsarin yana gaba daya, harsunan launuka suna girma har zuwa 20 cm kuma an rufe su tare da kananan warts.
- Kilevataya - halin karkacewar tsari na datti kore ganye tare da dige dige da yayi girma har zuwa 12-15 cm a tsawon.
- Spotty - bambanta ta wurin kasancewar sakonni 30 da tsawo, haske kore foliage tare da launin fata.
- Tiny - Tsawon ganye bai wuce 6 cm ba, amma yana son a cikin wasu nau'in da aka rufe su da haske.
- Ƙananan kaɗan - ya kai mai tsawo na 20 cm kuma, kamar sauran nau'o'in, yana da siffar halayyar a kan ganyen ganye.
- Armstrong - Tsawon faranti na rassan da aka baje ba zai wuce 3 cm ba, maimakon maimakon haske a kan shi akwai alamomi a bayyane.
- Biyu-sautin - bar - har zuwa 30 cm, ribbed da m.
- Saber-dimbin yawa - a kan haske mai zurfi na 30-centimeter yaduwan ganye, siffofi marar siffofi suna bayyane, a wasu wurare sun narke cikin wuri ɗaya.
- Shaggy - leaf leaf har zuwa 14 cm a tsawon, dan kadan convex a saman.
Yanayi don girma a gida
Idan aka ba da GEST mai sauki a matsayin mai kulawa, babu wani abu mai ban mamaki a ayyukan da aka yi. Domin kyakkyawan lafiyar na shuka, duk abinda zaka yi shi ne ya sanya tukunyar da kyau, sannan kuma tsara watering mai dacewa, fertilizing da pruning (idan ya cancanta).
Yanayi da haske
A cikin wurin zama na Gasteria, ƙananan bishiyoyi sukan rufe, don haka ana kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Yayin da yake girma a gida, dole ne ya kirkiro a matsayin yanayin da ya dace, pritenaya lokacin zafi. Matsayi mafi kyau a wannan yanayin shine shafin a kudu maso gabas ko kudu maso yammacin, tare da makamai ko makamai masu sutura. Bugu da ƙari, yana da kyau idan ana kiyaye shi daga samfurori da gust na iska, wanda zai iya cutar da sauƙi.
Maƙwabta mafi kyau ga shuke-shuke da aka bayyana shine cacti, daga cikinsu wanda Gaster yayi girma da kuma tasowa.
Shin kuna sani? Bugu da ƙari ga neman gani, ganye na Gasteri suna da kyakkyawar damar samar da iskar oxygen a cikin duhu, saboda haka dalili yana da shawarar a sanya shi a ɗakin dakuna ko dakuna kwana.
Air zazzabi da zafi
A lokacin rani, yawan zafin jiki na zafin jiki zai kasance a cikin + 18 ... + 25 ° C, amma a cikin hunturu dormancy, yana da kyawawa don rage su zuwa + 6 ... + 12 ° C. A nan gaba, wannan zai taimakawa wajen kara girma, amma idan ba'a saukar da zazzabi a cikin dakin ba, to akwai yiwuwar cewa ba za a yi fure ba: tsayi mai girma a cikin hunturu yana haifar da shrinkage da kuma ƙarancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin.
Humidity ba shi da mahimmanci ga tsire-tsire mai mahimmanci, sabili da haka, lokacin da yayi girma a yanayin yanayin gida, babu ƙarin matakan da ake buƙata don canza dabi'u na yanzu.
Kulawa na gida
Bayan zabar wuri na noma don ƙananan, lokaci ya yi don ba da hankali sosai game da batun kula da shi, la'akari da buƙatar haɓaka da abubuwan kirkiro mai gina jiki.
Watering dokoki
Ƙasa a cikin tukunya tare da ciwon sanyi zai iya bushe kaɗan, wanda aka dauka sosai al'ada ga wannan irin shuka. Mafi muni ga dasu mai laushi, wanda yakan haifar da ci gaba da matakai na putrefactive. A lokacin rani, ƙayyadadden gyaran ruwan ƙasa ba zai wuce sau 2-3 a wata ba, kuma a cikin hunturu, ban ruwa ya rage har yanzu: har zuwa kusan 1 lokaci a kowace wata. Ruwan ruwa ya kamata a kasance a cikin dakin da zazzaɓi, kafin a gyara shi kuma ya zauna, kuma ya kawo shi a cikin ƙasa zai fi dacewa da hanyar basal, musamman ma a lokacin flowering na shuka, wanda zai taimaka wajen kaucewa furanni na furanni.
Yana da muhimmanci! An haramta shi sosai don yaduwa daga kwalba mai fure ko, musamman, don "wanke" a cikin shawa, in ba haka ba yiwuwar ci gaba da cututtukan fungal dake tsakanin ganye ba za a iya fitar da su ba.
Top dressing
Da farko, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da kayan da aka shirya don cacti don dasa shuki Gasteria, wanda za'a iya saya a kowane kantin kayan ado. Lokacin da ake shirya adadin kwari na gina jiki, zai yiwu a hada da turf da ƙasa mai laushi, kazalika da cakuda peat da yashi a cikin abun da ke ciki, kallon yawancin 5: 3: 2: 4. Duk da haka, irin wannan ƙasa ba ta tabbatar da jin daɗin rayuwa na tsawon lokaci ba, sabili da haka kariyar kari (Mayu-Oktoba) ba zai zama mai ban mamaki ba.
A matsayin cakuda na gina jiki, zaka iya yin amfani da ma'adinai mai mahimmanci don cacti, rage sashi da shawarar da mai sayarwa ta haɗa. Tsarin abinci na gina jiki a cikin ƙasa - sau ɗaya kowace mako 2-3. A lokacin sanyi (daga watan Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu), ya fi kyau kada ku ciyar da Gastrium, ba da cikakken hutawa ga shuka.
Pruning
Anyi amfani da Gaster na Gaster ne kawai don manufar sanitary, lokacin da ya wajaba a cire furen ganye da furen fure. Ganye ba ya buƙatar hanyar farawa, saboda yana iya tsara tsawon tsirrai da kanta kuma yana da kyan gani sosai, yadda ya dace. Lokacin da ake dasawa, zaku iya yaduwa tushen asarar, tabbatar da lalata yankunan da aka yanke tare da gauraye.
Tashi
Gasteria yayi mummunan haɓaka ga duk wani cin zarafin da ya saba da shi, sabili da haka, ana ba da shawarar dashi ne kawai a matsayin mafakar karshe, lokacin da ƙarfin dasawa na baya ya zama mai ruɗi, ko kuma saboda ruwa, tsarin tushen zai iya rushewa, tare da mutuwar maye gurbin.
Yi aiki sau daya a shekara, mafi yawa a lokacin bazara, nan da nan bayan ƙarshen lokacin sauran. Dole sabon tukunya ya zama 2-3 cm a fadi fiye da baya, amma ba ma zurfi don tushen tsarin ya zama ma fadi. 
Shirin da ake aiwatar da shi yana buƙatar daidaitattun daga mai ƙerawa kuma ana gudanar da shi bisa ga shirin da ya biyo baya:
- A žasa na sabon shuka shuka 2-cm Layer sa rushe tubalin ko lãka, wanda zai zama a malalewa.
- Kimanin rabi na tukunya, zuba cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya don cacti ko da kaina da aka shirya kayan shafa, ta yin amfani da ganye, filin sod, peat da yashi.
- Yi tafiya a hankali don motsa tsire-tsire daga cikin tukunya na farko zuwa wani sabon abu, ƙoƙarin kiyaye ɗakin ɗakin.
- Fasa ƙasa da ruwa da shuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan gwaninta, Gaster bai buƙatar ya damu a cikin kwanaki 3-4 na farko ba, dole ne ya sake dawowa bayan dasawa kuma sai kawai za a fara shayar da shi kuma a sake ciyarwa.
Lokacin cin abinci
Ana iya lura da furancin mafi yawan jinsunan Gaster tun daga karshen bazara ko farkon farkon watanni na farko. A matsakaici, furanni suna kasance a ciki har tsawon watanni daya, amma yana da wuya cewa zai ɗauki tsawon watanni biyu don jin dadin kyawawan abin da ya dace. Halin siffofin furanni yana kama da kwalabe mai kumbura, wanda ake sanyawa a kan dogon lokaci, har zuwa 45-70 cm a tsawon.
A lokacin flowering yana da matukar muhimmanci kada a yi tasiri a cikin kowane irin hanya: ba za ta canza yanayin zafin jiki a cikin dakin ko motsi tukunya ba. A cikin yanayi mafi kyau na ci gaba ba da daɗewa ba Gasteria zai watsar da tsaba, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don haifar da shuka.
Kiwo
Zai yiwu a yada wata gida ta gida a hanyoyi da yawa, amma yawanci wannan yana faruwa ko dai tare da taimakon tsaba da aka shirya, ko tare da yin amfani da 'yar rosettes, wanda nan da nan ya kasance a kowane samfurin. Ka yi la'akari da siffofin hanyoyin a cikin waɗannan lokuta. 
Ƙananan yara
Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita don amfani da kayan lambu ya kamata a yi la'akari da mafi sauki don samun sabon tsire-tsire, yayin da yake kiyaye dukkan halayen uwar daji.
A cikin lamarin Gasteria, jerin don kammala aikin zai kasance kamar haka:
- Yi abubuwa da yawa kamar yadda kake buƙatar dasa dukkan jarirai. Kamar yadda dashi na tsire-tsire masu girma, tabbatar da saka takarda mai laushi a ƙasa sannan ku zuba ruwan magani a ƙasa (har zuwa kimanin 1/3 na duka girma).
- Yi amfani da kayan aiki na cirewa daga tukunya na farko da kuma maƙasudin abin da aka makala a tsakiyar ɓangaren 'yan mata, rarrabe kowanne daga cikinsu, tabbatar da gaba da tsarin tushen sa. Zai fi kyau kada ku dauki samfurori tare da ƙwarewa ko ƙananan asalinsu, mai yiwuwa akwai bukatar lokaci kaɗan don ci gaba a wuri ɗaya.
- Sanya kowace fitarwa daga cikin tukunya mai dacewa kuma rufe shi da ƙasa zuwa sama, barin akalla 1 cm na sarari kyauta a gefen tukunya.
Sauran mahaifiyar uwa za a iya mayar da shi a tukunya ta baya ko nan take maye gurbin shi tare da sabon kaya.
Bidiyo: Saurin Gasteria ta hanyar rabuwa
Tsaba
Tsarancin shuka tare da tsaba yana samar da samfurin farko na tsararru da kuma bushewa kafin shuka a cikin yashi. Ana sanya jigilar tsaba a cikin tankuna masu tanƙasa ta hanya ta hanya: an saka su ne kawai a kan fadin yashi mai yaduwa (nisan da ke kusa da wasu hatsi dole ne ya kasance aƙalla 2 cm) kuma yayyafa su a hankali. A ƙarshen wannan tsari, ya rage kawai don rufe gurasar da gilashi kuma ya kai su dakin dumi, tare da zafin jiki ba kasa da + 25 ° C.
Ƙarin kulawa da tsire-tsire yana dogara ne akan tsaftacewa na yau da kullum da kuma samar da tsirrai a kowace rana. Sabbin matasan farko za su bayyana bayan watanni 1.5-2 bayan dasa, kuma a cikin 'yan makonni kadan za'a iya tsince su a kananan kwantena ko kuma kai tsaye a cikin tukwane da ƙasa mai gina jiki.
Yana da muhimmanci! Wata hanya ta yaduwa na Gaster shine yanke, ta amfani da ganye (kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai yalwa, ya kamata ya bushe, a kalla cikin kwanaki 2-3). Duk da haka, don samun sauri sabon shuka a cikin wannan hanya ba zai yiwu ba, sabili da haka, mafi yawan masu shuka furanni suna bada shawarar haɓaka ta haɗuwa da yara - yara.
Cututtuka da kwari
Cututtuka na Gaster ba su da mummuna kamar kwari, amma idan akwai wani cin zarafi na tsarin rani ko riguna, zai yiwu lalata na rhizome da tushe na ganye (m mold). Don kawar da wannan matsala, ya wajaba don normalize matakin ƙasa mai laushi kuma cire sassan ɓangaren furen.
Daga kwari, karuwar aiki ya bambanta mealybug, Sikeli da aphid. A cikin akwati na farko, waxy burbushi na fari za a bayyane a bayyane, a karo na biyu, aibobi masu launin na iya bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki, amma kasancewar mazaunan aphid za su iya gani a waje, kawai su dubi cikin cikin launi.
A yakin da kowane kwaro zai taimaka wa kwakwalwa na musamman, wanda yafi sananne shine kwayoyi "Aktellik", "Phosbecid", "Aktara". Idan tsire-tsire suna lalace, magunguna zasu iya taimakawa: alal misali, sabulu da kuma maye gurbin maye gurbin amfani da ganye. Duk da yake kwari ba su da yawa, aiki guda ɗaya zai isa, amma idan har akwai akwati, to sai ku sake maimaita hanya cikin kwanaki 10-14. 
Abin baƙin cikin shine, bayan nasarar cin nasara sau da yawa, ba wanda zai iya tabbatar da cewa babu matsala a nan gaba, saboda haka, lokacin da girma Gasteria, kula da yanayinsa har abada kuma kada ku yarda ko da wasu ƙananan ƙetare a kulawa. Sai kawai a cikin wannan hanyar shuka zai kasance lafiya kullum kuma zai iya faranta wa wasu rai tare da bayyanarsa.
