Schwyz irin shanu: peculiarities na ajiye a gida

Halin kwanciyar hankali, juriya da wadataccen shanu na shanu na Alkama sun jawo hankalin manoma.

Amma babban siffar wannan dabba yana cikin nama mai laushi da kiwo.

Yadda za'a fahimci mutane masu tsabta, abin da suke cikin kulawa da kiyayewa, abin da ake samar da madara mai yawan gaske - za'a tattauna wannan a gaba a cikin labarin.

Abubuwan:

• Asalin
• Yanayin waje
• Abincin nama da masu ba da laushi
• Gwani da kuma fursunoni
• Maintenance da kula
• Wasan wasa na rani
• Shirye-shiryen gidan yarinya
• Yanayin tsarewa
• Ana wanke
• Abin da za a ciyar
• Summer tafiya a cikin makiyaya
• Ciyar da hunturu

Tarihin tarihin da bayanin

Schwyz iri kafa a cikin ƙarni. Bugu da ƙari, da farko masu shayarwa suka mayar da hankali ga sauƙaƙe yanayin da za su ciyar da ciyar da dabbobi, sannan kuma an biya hankali a hankali ga halaye masu kyau.

Asalin

Tushen shanu masu tsabta sun fito ne daga shanu da aka yi amfani da su a cikin gajeren lokaci, wanda aka yi amfani dashi a cikin aikin gona na Turai kamar yadda ake amfani da shi don aikin gona. Daga nan sai aka gudanar da aikin gyaran ta hanyar zabin yanayi.

Shin kuna sani? A hanci, kowace saniya tana da nau'i na musamman, kamar yatsin ɗan adam. A Amurka, ana amfani da wannan siffar shanu don bincika shi idan akwai asara.

Bayan 'yan ƙarni da suka wuce, masu tsara shayarwa na kasar Sin sun kafa manufa don kawo sababbin dabbobin shanu, wanda za a iya bambanta ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa, sauƙi na kulawa, yin saurin sauƙi ga sababbin yanayi da sauyin canjin yanayi.

Bayan ɗan lokaci, lokacin da babu bukatar jawo hankalin shanu don su yi noma a gonar, aikin naman-da-madarar da aka samar da ita ya kasance a tsakiyar aikin noma. Ba da da ewa manoma na makwabta Jamus, Italiya da Faransa sun fara sha'awar iri-iri. Kuma a ƙarshen karni na ashirin, game da tumaki Schwyz an koya a Amurka.

Yakut maras nama da kuma Krasnogorbatov suna cikin nama da kiwo da shanu.

Yanayin waje

Masu shayarwa na zamani suna da damar da za su zabi irin ɓangaren da suke ciki. Yau akwai 3 daga gare su:

• madara;
• madara da nama;
• nama da kiwo.

Shin kuna sani? Nishaɗin madara maras saniya ya dogara ne akan abincin da ke ciyar da dabba. Idan samfurin yana da zafi, mai yiwuwa, saniya ya ci wormwood ko sauran ciyawa mai ciwo.

Yana da halayyar cewa wakilan kowane nau'i na kabilar Schwyz suna bambanta da siffofi na waje.

A lokaci guda, dukan shanu masu tsarki sun hada da halaye masu zuwa:

• karfi mai karfi;
• jiki dama;
• tsawo a withers - 129-152 cm;
• gajere gashi;
• launin ruwan launi (haske da duhu shading launuka suna yarda);
• karfi lokacin farin ciki kafafu na matsakaici tsawon;
• iko, barga hooves;
• matsanancin juzu'i;
• gajere, wuyansa tare da tsokoki masu ci gaba;
• Tsari
• na roba fata;
• da gashi mai gashi mai duhu a cikin yanki;
• harsashi na bulging;
• manyan horns;
• gajeren shugaban;
• nauyin mace - 550-800 kg, namiji - 700-1000 kg, jarirai ƙira - 39 kg;
• babban jariri, wanda, dangane da nau'in dabba mai ciki, ya bambanta ta hanyar ci gabanta.

Macijin nama da kiwo da sauƙi suna iya ganewa ta hanyar karamin jiki da mai rauni, amma madara da wakilai na nama suna da jiki mai mahimmanci tare da ƙwayar tsoka.

Shin kuna sani? Yayinda ake yin amfani da zane, ana amfani da zane-zane ne kawai don jawo hankalin mai kallo, saboda bijimai, kamar shanun, ba su bambanta launuka ba. Suna fushi da gaskiyar gaskiyar abin da ba a fahimta ba a gabansu..

Dabbobi suna da lafiya mai kyau, da sauri sun dace da sababbin yanayi, duk da haka, suna buƙatar abinci na yau da kullum.

Abincin nama da masu ba da laushi

A cikin tarihinsa, ƙwayar Schwyz ta ci gaba da inganta alamomin bayyanarsa, da halaye na yawan aiki.

Duk da haka, idan aka gwada waɗannan shanu tare da wasu nau'o'in, masana Austrian da manoman Jamus sun lura da yawancin madara da kuma girman su, amma masu shayarwa na Italiyanci da na Faransa suna ci gaba da aiki a kan kara yawan naman alade da kiwo.

A zamanin yau, samfurin kiwo da aka samo daga wadannan bolenok kasashen waje ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar cuku.

Dabbobin naman shanu sun hada da sune, babba, kazakh da fararen fata da limamai, da kuma raguna masu jan kifi suna da baki da fari, Ayrshire, da Latvia.

A nan ne ainihin alamomi na yawan aiki daga saniya daya:

• yawan amfanin gona na shekara-shekara - 9-10 ton;
• abun ciki mai yawan abincin kiwo - 3,6-4.0%;
• yawan adadin protein shine 3.2-3.6%;
• matsakaicin yawan amfanin yau da kullum - 800-1000 g;
• yanka nama yawan amfanin ƙasa - 50-60%;
• nama mai kyau ne.

Gwani da kuma fursunoni

Duk da irin wannan aikin noma, ƙananan shanu na Swiss basu aji. Idan aka kwatanta da danginsu masu tsarki na wasu nau'o'in, sun ɓace sosai. Yi la'akari da ainihin bayanan.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kula da yanayi mafi kyau don kiyaye shanu yana da muhimmanci don ci gaba da girma na dabbobi. Bayan shekarun karan da ke cikin shekara guda ya kamata a auna kimanin kilo 250, kuma daga tsawon watanni 18 - daga 350 zuwa 370 kg.

Maintenance da kula

Za a iya shuka shanu na Schwyck a wuraren da ake ci gaba da shuka ko kuma hanyoyin da ake amfani da shi a shekara. Zaɓin ya dogara da samfurin albarkatun hatsi da kuma yiwuwar girbi ƙwaya. Saboda haka, mai shi yana buƙatar kula da tsari mai kyau na rumbun da kuma duba bayanan zafi.

Wasan wasa na rani

Yawancin shayarwa na dabbobi suna amfani da wannan hanyar shayar da shanu, wanda ya ba ka damar rage yawan farashin kayayyakin kiwo da rage farashin aikin. Bisa ga magunguna, yawancin dabbobin da ke cikin iska a cikin yawancin ganye yana da sakamako mai tasiri akan lafiyarsa.

Duk da haka, don yin wannan, kana buƙatar zaɓar hanyar yin tafiya daidai. An shawarci manoma masu kwarewa su guje wa rashin kwance da tsaunuka, saboda a yanayin sanyi da dampun yanayin yanayin cutar yana bunƙasa. A irin wannan wuri, hadarin kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta tare da cututtuka na parasitic yana ƙaruwa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan babu wata madogara a cikin ƙananan ƙasashe, zai zama dole don haƙa ƙasa ta amfani da magudi. Amma yi shiri don ƙwaƙwalwar ƙafafunka ta shiga cikin ɓangaren hadarin kamuwa da cuta tare da helminthiasis.

Walking yana da kyau a shirya a kan rana, dan kadan tsayin daka, tare da kyakkyawan ciyawa, daga koguna da tafkuna. Shirya wuri mai watering a kan filin wasan rani na rani.

Ka yi la'akari da cewa saniya ta bukaci ta har ma a hunturu, saboda tafiya na yau da kullum rage haɗarin cututtuka na tsutsotsi, da cututtuka da cututtuka, inganta yanayin jini da ci.

Ko da kuwa lokaci na shekara, ana bukatar tsabtace kushin. A lokacin hunturu akwai kyawawa don sanya shuki na hay domin dabba zai iya samun abinci mai kyau a yayin aikin, kuma tabbatar da cewa kana da tsari domin saniya zai iya ɓoyewa daga rana mai tsanani ko ruwan sama. Bayan kabari, shanu suna buƙatar lokaci suyi dacewa da sababbin yanayi, saboda haka masu amfani sukan saba da su zuwa wani sabon abincin, ya maye gurbin hayani tare da ciyawa. Dole ne a fara tare da kiwo na sa'a biyu.

Veterinarians sun bayar da shawarar sosai a wannan lokaci don tuntubi likita don nazarin saniya da kima ta lafiyarta. Bugu da kari, wajibi ne don gudanar da ruwan sama mai tsabta, tsaftace tsafta da alurar riga kafi.

Shirye-shiryen gidan yarinya

Shirye-shiryen katako ya kamata a shirya da kyau a gaba na lokacin da aka kawo shanu zuwa gare shi. Yana da muhimmanci a kula da hankali ba kawai ga tsabta na dakin ba, amma har ma masu nuna alamar zafi, yawan zafin jiki, haske, samun iska.

Warming da zubar, kada ku da sauri kulle duk windows, domin ammonia fom mai tsanani cutarwa ga lafiyar dabba. Ya kamata a kula da musayar iska a shekara guda kuma a lokaci guda kawar da fasalin.

Yana da muhimmanci! A cikin sito da aka ba da shawara don sanya gwargwadon wucewa a saman dabba.

Dole ne a yaduwa ganuwar ɗakin gado tare da quicklime, kuma a yakamata a rufe kasa da digin 10-centimeter na sabon bambaro, peat ko sawdust. Ana bada shawarar a canza litter a kowace rana, cire turɓaya. Kar ka bari ƙananan gidaje su tattake a kan kansu. In ba haka ba, an yi musu barazanar maganin cututtukan ƙwayoyin kumburi da na numfashi.

Wasu shayarwa suna raba kwarewar kula da shanu a kan abin da ake kira zurfin littafi. Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi tsabtace taki mai sau daya, wanda ke faruwa a cikin bazara. Sauran lokaci, a duk lokacin sanyi, rundunonin kawai yayyafa sabon salo na sabon bambaro a saman.

Ta haka ne, akwai kuma babban ɗakin ajiya. A cewar masana, wannan hanya ta dace saboda yana bukatar ƙananan ƙoƙarin da lokaci. Duk da haka, rashin haɓaka shi ne sau biyu amfani da litter da kuma gurɓataccen gas daga cikin dakin.

Bugu da kari, shanu zai buƙaci samar da abinci don ciyarwa. Kwararrun shayarwa na shayarwa suna bada shawarar bada kulawa ta musamman ga mai ba da abinci don hay da kore taro, saboda nauyin shanu suna da fifiko mafi yawan abinci, wanda dole ne a koyaushe a cikin yankin da ya sami dama.

Amma ba za ka damu da damar da za a iya yin jaka ba. Za a maye gurbin su gaba ɗaya da buckets (yawanci wata saniya zai ba da irin wannan abinci a lokacin milking).

Yana da muhimmanci! Don yin katako na shanu trough fi son itace daga Pine, saboda yana da kyau. Mafi kyawun wanda ba a so: plywood, fiberboard da particleboard.

Mafi kyawun abincin mai shayarwa shine zane-zane na trapezoid tare da tushe mai tushe, wanda zai ba da damar dabba don karban kananan bishiyoyi. Tsawonsa da nisa ya zama akalla 80 cm ga mutum daya. Haka yake don masu sha. Yana da muhimmanci cewa akwai ruwa mai tsabta a cikin sito. Ka yi la'akari da cewa a cikin rana shanu yana buƙatar kimanin lita 100 na ruwa don cike da girma da ci gaba. Saboda haka, masu shan giya ya kamata su zama sauƙi don kula da lafiya.

A cikin farmsteads masu zaman kansu yawanci amfani da guga ko basin don watering. Kuma a kan manyan gonaki amfani da kayan aiki na atomatik.

Wani muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin barga - turbaya. Idan saniya ya sauko cikin dakin nan da nan, yana nufin cewa yana da dadi. Girman wannan yankin an lasafta bisa girman girman ɗakin. Masu shayarwa masu shayarwa suna ba da shawarar gina tsarin da ba kasa da 1.25 m da kimanin 3.5 m tsawo.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa shanu suna dakatar da akalla sa'o'i 14 a rana. Yarda da cewa kowane sa'a na kwance maras nama yakan kawo lita madara.

Shin kuna sani? Slavs daga zamanin d ¯ a sun bauta wa shanu a matsayin alama ce ta haihuwa, kuma shanu a gare su sun kasance mai yawa da ƙarfin.

Yanayin tsarewa

Ayyukan nama na madara mai yalwaci ya dogara ne akan yanayin shi. Kada ku yi tsammanin kyakkyawan dawowa lokacin da ɗakin gida ke yin kwalliya a cikin gine-ginen da ke da sanyi tare da damp gas. Dakin ya zama mai zurfi, bushe da dumi. Kuma saboda wannan, yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da wadannan matakan microclimate masu zuwa:

• tsarin mulki - + 5 ... +15 ° C;
• zafi - 60-70%;
• Kasuwanci na iska - mai auna nauyin rayuwa - mita 17. m / h;
• iska farashin iska - 0.5 m / s;
• carbon dioxide concentration - 0.25%, ammoniya - 20 MG / sq. m

Duk wani bambanci daga ka'idodin da aka ba da shawarar ya zama mummunan rashin lafiya a cikin lafiyar dabbõbin shanu da kuma rushewa a metabolism. Har ila yau, ƙwayoyin suna da mummunar tasiri a kansu, don haka masana sun bada shawara wajen ajiye gine-gine daga hanyoyi masu amfani da wuraren da kayan aiki ke aiki.

Domin shakatawa, ka tabbata cewa sito ne mai haske. Wasu manoma suna samar da windows don wannan dalili. Duk da haka, mummunan adadin su ba shine hanya mafi kyau ta rinjayar yawan zafin jiki na dakin ba, don haka ya fi dacewa wajen gudanar da wutar lantarki a cikin sito kuma ya bar babban babban taga don zirga-zirgar iska.

Yana da muhimmanci! Wani microclimate mara kyau yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan juriya da rikicewar tsarin aiki na kwayoyin dabbobi. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa inganta yawan zazzabi zuwa + 25-30 ° C tare da rashin iska mai motsi ya haifar da rikicewa a cikin aikin aikin dabbobi: ragowar respiration ya karu zuwa 70-90 sau, bugun jini zuwa 100-130 ya ji rauni a minti daya. Tare da mummunan microclimate a cikin yara matasa, yawancin lokacin ya rage ta kashi 20-30%, cin abinci mai amfani - ta 5-15%, kuma karuwar nauyin rayuwa mai ragu da kashi 30-40%. Hanya na cututtuka na numfashi a cikin yara matasa yana da matukar wahala. A yanayin zafi mai zafi da iska mai haɗari, yawancin cututtuka na dabbobi suna lura.

Yana da kyawawa cewa budewar budewa ta nadawa.

Ana wanke

Abubuwan da ake buƙata don kula da shanu suna kula da tsabta na dakin da yawan zafin jiki. Ka lura cewa dabba yana samar da lita 20 na fitsari da kuma kilo 35 na taki kowace rana. Ba a yarda da cewa waɗannan abubuwa sun kasance a cikin sito ba.

Don tallafawa microclimate mai dacewa suna buƙatar tsabtace akai-akai. A kan manyan gonaki, an warware wannan matsala tare da taimakon masu sintiri ko ɓarna. Mutane da yawa masu sayar da kayan noma suna fitowa daga zubar da ƙafar da ƙananan 3x2 m.

Bayan tsaftace tsabta, yana da muhimmanci a maye gurbin zuriyar dabbobi. Tsabtace dabba. Ba a yarda da ƙananan bangarori da udders.

A lokacin rani, lokacin da shanu suna tafiya a dadewa, dakin ya kamata a kwantar da shi.

Ana gudanar da shi bisa ga algorithm mai zuwa:

1. Na farko, dukkanin abubuwa masu cirewa suna cire daga sito da dukkanin hasken haske, magoya, da kuma masu caji suna haɗe da polyethylene.
2. Bayan an tsaftace wannan tsafta. Zaka iya amfani da na'urorin atomatik da takardun kundin aiki.
3. Sa'an nan kuma gurasar ta rushe da ruwa mai zurfi (har zuwa 25), kawar da ƙananan barbashi na datti. An biya kulawa ta musamman ga yankunan da ba za a iya kaiwa ba. Samar da ruwa kyauta a gaba don haka puddles na datti ba su tsaya a kasa ba.
4. Bayan kwana uku, sake wankewa.
5. Disinfection farawa a cikin tsabta da busassun sito. Bayan haka, dakin yana da kyau kuma an bushe shi.

A cewar masanan dabbobi, mafi kyaun disinfectants sune:

• sodium hydroxide;
• sulfuric acid (da hydrochloric da lactic);
• hydrated lemun tsami;
• formaldehyde;
• chloramine.

Bugu da ƙari, tsaftacewar duniya a cikin sito, yana da muhimmanci a cire kayan abinci daga feeders. Ka tuna cewa shanu suna da matattun kwayoyi, kuma duk abincin da ya ci zai zama daidai a kan ingancin madara. Kada ku kasance m a gaban kowace ciyar da watering sosai wanke tank.

Shin kuna sani? Cows a cikin sharuddan lambobin su na biyu ne a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa bayan mutane. A duniya akwai kimanin biliyan 1.5. A wasu ƙasashe na Latin Amurka akwai saniya guda daya da ke zaune, kuma a Australia wannan rayayyun halittu ne 40% fiye da mutane.

Abin da za a ciyar

Dabbobi na Schwyk suna buƙatar mutum mai dacewa a cikin zaɓin abincin yau da kullum. Bari muyi la'akari dalla-dalla game da halaye na yanayi na saniya.

Summer tafiya a cikin makiyaya

Yawancin manoma a lokacin zafi suna motsa shanu don makiyaya. Amma domin wannan tsarin aikin gida don yin aiki, kana buƙatar zaɓar ƙasa mai kyau ta tafiya. Wadannan shafuka suna shafar lafiyar madara da kuma kula da lafiyar jiki a hanya mafi kyau:

• Vika;
• alfalfa;
• Tsari;
• Peas

Wadannan tsire-tsire suna saukewa kuma suna da wasu abubuwa masu amfani, amma ba za su iya cika jikin dabbobi ba tare da bitamin da ma'adanai masu mahimmanci, sabili da haka, ana ajiye ɗakunan katako a cikin majiyoyin abinci tare da abinci mai gina jiki mai gina jiki da ƙananan nau'o'in gina jiki:

• masara silage;
• ciyarwar gari;
• gwargwadon bishiya;
• giya yisti;
• enriched sitaci hankali;
• kayan lambu da kayan lambu mai tushe;
• premixes;
• bran;
• cin abinci abinci.

Yana da muhimmanci! Don shan shanu bazai iya amfani da ruwa mai datti ba. Kuma a cikin hunturu, yana mai tsanani zuwa dakin zafin jiki.

Masu shayarwa masu shayarwa suna ba da shawara na farko don ba da saniya, sannan bayan haka - abinci mai sauƙi. A kan kiwo dabba ya kamata a sami damar shiga ruwa. Don saukakawa, za ka iya gina mai shayar da atomatik. Idan babu irin wannan yiwuwar, dole ne ka lura da yawan matakin da ake amfani dashi na ruwa.

Ciyar da hunturu

A cikin hunturu, dalilin asalin dabbobi Swiss shine:

• Hay (girbe daga ciyawa mai noma, ya kamata ya kasance a cikin saniya);
• silo;
• bambaro;
• tushen kayan lambu;
• chaff;
• sharar abinci;
• ciyar da hatsi;
• mayar da hankali;
• bitamin da kuma ma'adinai kari (shawarar ga matasa dabbobi da marasa lafiya dabbobi);
• ciyarwa (na iya haɗa da sinadaran shuka da dabba).

Tun da shanu suna da nau'i na narkewa, hay ya kamata ya ci gaba da cin abinci. Yana da muhimmanci ga cikakken aiki na gastrointestinal fili na dabba.Akwai lokuta a lokacin da ake cututtukan cututtuka, cage, rashin ciwo yayin da ake ci abinci mai haɗuwa.

Masanan dabbobi sunyi gargadin cewa kwayar lactic acid da aka kafa a cikin rumen (yawanci wannan ya faru bayan cin hatsi) yana da damuwa ga ƙwayoyin microorganisms masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke zama cikin ciki. Wannan microflora yana taimakawa tsarin narkewa, ciki har da lalata acid. A sakamakon rashin cin zarafi, yanayin microflora na pathogenic an kunna kuma saniya ya zama rashin lafiya. Dabbaccen dabba ya ta'allaka ne, zai iya rawar jiki. A wannan yanayin, kana buƙatar tuntuɓi likita, a cikin tsammanin abin da zaka iya shayar da shanu tare da maganin soda burodi (30 g da lita).

Don tsayar da acid an bada shawara a dauki har sau 4 a rana. Don tallafawa aikin ƙwaryar zai taimaka magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi "Macrobacillin."

Dabbobi Schwyzkie suna jawo hankalin manoma da siffofin su na dacewa, sada zumunta da kuma samuwa mai inganci. Duk da haka, idan aka kwatanta da wasu nau'o'in, za'a iya samo hanyoyi masu yawa a cikinsu, ainihin shine ainihin abincin ciyarwa.

Muna fata batunmu zai taimaka maka ka kula da dukkanin hanyoyi da ke kulawa da kuma kula da waɗannan wakilan shanu.