A halin yanzu, masu shayarwa a kasashe da dama na duniya sun shayar da nau'o'in shanu da yawa, wadanda suke da madara da madara mai kyau. Yawancin su suna da daraja ga nama mai marmara ko gagarumar riba mai yawa, amma a yau za mu dubi nau'in da ba ya buƙaci ku biya matakan kima don matasa. Gaba, koyi halaye da bayanin irin nau'in baki-motley. Faɗa maka game da bukatun don samar da abinci da yanayi.
Tarihin tarihin da bayanin
Bayyana taƙaitaccen halaye na irin, da kuma halayen samfurin, akan abin da za a iya samar da karfi da raunana. 
Asalin
Wannan shi ne irin na kiwo, wanda aka cinye a cikin 30s-40s na karni na karshe. An gudanar da aikin zabe tare da wakilan gida na shanu da kuma na Yamma. An kammala aiki a kan nau'in a shekara ta 1959, bayan haka aka fara amfani da dabbobi a kan gonaki.
Shin kuna sani? Duk da cewa a Indiya an haramta haramta shanu da kuma cin naman dabbobi, wannan kasar ta fito ne a duniya a cikin fitar da naman sa, wanda ya wuce Brazil. Indiya a kowace shekara yana ba da kayan aiki na 1.89 miliyan zuwa kasuwar duniya.
Bayyanar jiki da jiki
Babban sigogi na baki da motley irin:
- nauyin manya - 550-650 / 900-1000 kg;
- tsawo a withers - 130 cm;
- Shine tsawon jiki - 160 cm;
- zurfin kirji - 72 cm;
- launi - baki da fari.
Kundin tsarin mulki:
- head - tsawo tare da elongated muzzle;
- horns - gajeren, launin toka;
- wuyansa ne na matsakaici matsakaici, launin fata yana nan;
- kirji - matsakaici nisa;
- baya - madaidaiciya da madaidaiciya madaidaiciya;
- sacrum - fadi;
- kafafu - santsi, mai karfi;
- udiri - volumetric, tasa-dimbin yawa.
Karanta kuma game da irin Ayrshire irin shanu.
Nama da samar da madara
Ayyukan noma ya dangana da girma da mai yalwar madara, amma ingancin naman yana da hankali sosai. Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai Ural da Siberian iri, wanda aka halicce su bisa ga shanu da aka tanada. Suna da yawan samuwa. 
Black-motley samfur yawan aiki:
- yawan madara na madarar Ural - 3.7-3.8 kg dubu a kowace shekara;
- Ural irin madara madara - 3.8-4%;
- Siberian irin nauyin madara - 3.5-5 kg kilogiram a kowace shekara;
- abun ciki mai ciki na Siberian irin madara - 3.7-3.9%;
- abubuwan gina jiki cikin madara - 3.1-3.3%;
- yawan amfanin gona - 55-60%;
- nama mai kyau ne mai wadata, ƙananan abun ciki;
- Rawanin kuɗin yau da kullum na samari na matasa - 0.6-0.8 kg, da abinci mai kyau zai iya isa 1 kg;
- Kyakkyawan kunne yana da tsawo, yana da shekaru 15 yana da nauyi fiye da kilo 420.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tare da cin abinci na yau da kullum, yawan amfanin ƙasa shekara-shekara ya kai kilo mita 2.5-3. Yawan aiki ya dogara da inganci da iri-iri na abinci.
Ƙarfi da raunana
Abubuwa:
- acclimatize da sauri;
- da lafiya mai kyau;
- kyau yawan aiki;
- samun riba mai sauri;
- matakan madara mai matukar madara;
- samuwa da ingancin farashi na farashin kananan yara.
Fursunoni:
- manyan bukatun don yanayin tsarewa;
- nama mai kyau ya fi kasa da yawancin shanu na Yammacin Turai.
Maintenance da kula
Ka yi la'akari da siffofi da ka'idojin kulawa na gida da ƙananan shanu na shanu, wanda zai ba da izinin samun madara mai madara, da kuma hana ci gaban cututtuka.
Koyi yadda za a gina gine da shinge don saniya.
Wasan wasa na rani
Dole filin wasa na rani ya zama dole domin a lokacin dumi kakar shanu zai iya cin abinci kuma ya huta a cikin iska. Wannan yana tabbatar da samar da bitamin D, da kuma samun iska mai kyau na huhu a cikin dabbobi. Gyara a cikin sararin samaniya ba dama ba kawai don ƙara yawan yawan madara ba, amma har ma don rage yawan farashi. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa baku bukatar yin amfani da wutar lantarki don haskakawa da samun iska daga dakin. Har ila yau, rage yawan farashi don ciyar da kiwo.
Idan dabbobi suna da dama da dama ko daruruwan mutane, to dole ne a sanye da dandalin rani tare da tashar mai milking da rufi mai laushi, inda dabbobi zasu iya hutawa bayan milking ko a lokacin rani mai ƙarfi. 
Shirya gabatarwa
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don shirya barn shine kamar haka:
- bene yankin. Dogayen da ke dauke da sãniya dole ne a sami wuri mai zurfi na akalla mita 20. m, don haka dabba bata fuskanci rashin jin daɗi a lokacin hutawa ko ciyarwa ba. A lokacin da ake noma manyan dabbobi, irin wadannan ka'idodin suna amfani da sauran nau'o'in kiwo da irin nauyin jiki;
Yana da muhimmanci! Doors da windows a cikin dakin ya kamata zuwa kudu ko gabas.
- ciyar da abinci. Yi amfani da abincin katako ko filastik, wanda girmansa ya zama daidai da kashi ɗaya na hay ga kowa. Idan akwai mutum fiye da ɗaya a cikin sito daya, to, yana da muhimmanci a shigar da dama masu ciyarwa ko raba shi a sassa daban-daban;
- shan kwano. Gilashin karfe na buƙatar da ake buƙata ba tare da gefuna mai kaifi an yi amfani dashi azaman trough. Abincin mai shan giya bai kamata ya kwashe ruwa ba, kazalika da tsatsa;
- kwanciya. Anyi amfani dashi da yawa saboda yana da dadi kuma ba ya sha danshi.
Yanayin tsarewa
Lokacin kula da dabbobi ya kamata la'akari da wadannan mahimman bayanai:
- dakin zafin jiki. A lokacin dumi yana da muhimmanci cewa yawan zafin jiki a cikin sito ba ya wuce +25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, yawan zafin jiki mai zafi shine + 5 ... +12 ° С. Wakilan mambobi suna da kyau sosai, saboda haka suna amfani da su cikin sababbin yanayi. Suna iya jure yanayin yanayin zafi, da kuma zafi mai tsanani, amma don ɗan gajeren lokaci. Kyakkyawan matsayi mai zafi da yanayin zafi yana da tasiri ga yawan amfanin ƙasa da karuwa a cikin nauyin rayuwa;
- samun iska da kuma zane-zane. Dabbobi ba su jure wa kwaskwarima ba, don haka dukkanin rabuwa a cikin dakin dole ne a gyara, kuma akwai ƙofofi da windows dole a cire su ta hanyar da iska mai karfi ba ta faruwa a lokacin zafi. Ƙararrawar haɗuwa ta ƙarin don haka musayar iska bata haifar da ƙananan ƙananan zafin jiki ba;
- haske. Dogon lokacin hasken rana ya zama 16 hours. Dole ne a kunna hasken a karfe 4 na safe kuma a kashe a karfe takwas na yamma. Haske ya kamata ya zama m. A wurin hutawa, dole ne a yi haske da haske, kuma a kusa da raguwa da mai ciyarwa - ƙarfafa. Don hana mummunan rauni ga dabbobi, da dare sun haɗa da fitilun fitilu da damar 10 watts.
Yana da muhimmanci! Haske mai haske yana da sakamako mai kyau a kan yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Tsaftacewa tsabtataccen ɗakin ajiya da kaya
An maye gurbin littafi na yau da kullum tare da sabo daya, a lokaci guda, shayar da kuma ciyar da sharan gona an cire. Dole ne kwanciyar hankali ya kasance mai tsabta domin ya ware '' mulkin '' '' '' 'parasites, da kuma fitowar yanayi mai kyau don bunkasa microbes. 
Gilashin giya da masu shayarwa suna tsabta kamar yadda aka gurbata. Idan ana amfani da abinci mai sanyi, to, tsaftacewa yana da yawa. A kan ganuwar abin sha na gumi kada ya zama datti, kowane ciyayi ko algae. An tsabtace asusun ajiyarta kamar yadda aka gurbata, amma ba tare da kasa ba a yayin da ake dasar dawa.
Cikakken gyaran cikakke an yi shi ko dai sau ɗaya a wata ko kowane mako biyu idan cutar ta kamu da dabba. Don wankewar amfani da maganin sinadarai wanda zai iya haifar da guba a cikin mutane da shanu, don haka don tsawon lokaci, ana cire dabbobi daga sito. Ana buƙatar ma'aikata don amfani da kayan aikin tsaro (safofin hannu, motsa jiki, fitattun allonta, katako).
Bincika abubuwan mafi ban sha'awa game da shanu.
Ciyar da abinci
Ba wai kawai bayyanar dabba ba, amma har ma yawancin abincin yau da kullum, ƙarar madara, da juriya ga cututtuka sun dogara ne akan tsarin da aka yi daidai. 
Hutun kiwo a kan makiyaya
A cikin lokacin dumi, zaka iya ajiyewa sosai a kan ciyar da kiwo, da kuma girbi kayan lambu mai mahimmanci. A lokaci guda, wajibi ne don ba da ƙarin ciyarwa ga dabbobi don cimma daidaituwa mai kyau a cikin nauyin rayuwa, da kuma samar da shanu da kiwo tare da yawan adadin kalori.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ga kowane kilogiram 100 na nauyin nauyi ya zama abincin 1. Ɗauki na 1 daidai da 1414 kcal.
Ruwan bazara da bazara bayar da wadannan ganye:
- Tsari;
- alfalfa;
- kore Peas ko wake.
Ana bayar da shanu ga abincin da ke daidaitawa wanda zai iya fitar da adadin sunadaran shiga jiki a ko'ina cikin yini, wato:
- ma'aikata don samar da kiwo;
- sha'ir;
- alkama;
- oats;
- Rabeseed ci abinci;
- waken soya.
Differences a cikin hunturu ciyar
A cikin hunturu, babban abinci shine inganci mai kyau a cikin kundin dabba da ake buƙata. Ga kowane kilogiram 100 na nauyin jiki, kana buƙatar bayar da kimanin kilogiram na 3.5 na hay. Wato, dabba tare da nau'in kilo 600 zai ci akalla kg 21 na hay kowace rana. Bugu da ƙari, menu ya ƙunshi abinci mai daɗi don samar da madara mai yawa.
Ana ba da shanu abinci masu biyowa:
- dankali;
- masara silage;
- fodder gwoza;
- karas;
- rutabaga;
- sugar gwoza.
Adadin da ake buƙata na abinci mai mahimmanci an lasafta bisa ga makircin nan: don samun 1 kg na madara, saniya ya buƙaci ciyar da kilogiram na 2-3 na abinci mai kyau. Har ila yau, ga kowane lita na samfurori ya zama 100-200 g na abinci mai mahimmanci (bran ko cake).
Ana samun bitamin da kuma ma'adanai na dabbobi daga abinci mai sauƙi, amma a cikin hunturu baiyi mummunan hada da bitamin da ma'adinai ba. Har ila yau, ana sayar da shanu kowace rana 5-8 g na gishiri ga kowane kilogiram 100 nauyin nauyi. Zai fi kyau a ba da hanyar lizun.
Shin kuna sani? Shanu suna da kunne sosai, don haka za su iya yin amfani da su don yin wasu ayyuka, suna yin waƙa irin wannan.
Bidiyo: launin fata da fari-nau'in shanu
Yaran shanu da fari na shanu suna da kyau a zabi gagarumin gona da ƙananan gidaje. Dabbobi suna da halaye mai kyau, basu buƙatar abinci masu tsada, da sauri sun saba da yanayin kuma ba su bambanta da mummunan zalunci ga masu mallakar.
