Za'a iya kiran lokacin bushe irin "hutu" ko "hutawa" ga saniya daga babban wajibi don bada madara. Duk da haka, wannan mataki yana da mahimmanci ga martabar karin ci gaba da samar da madara, cike da kirki, haifuwar lafiya da zuriya masu karfi. Saboda haka, shanu mai bushe suna buƙatar karin haske fiye da wasu lokuta. Daya daga cikin manyan al'amura na kula da dabbobi a cikin matattu yana ciyarwa. Za mu tattauna karamin muhimmancin abincin da kuma kungiyar ta dace a cikin wadanda suke.
Mene ne lokacin bushe da kuma tsawon lokacin shanun?
Yanayin bushe shine watanni biyu na ƙarshe na ciki da abin da ake saitawa. Ga mutane daban-daban, wannan lokaci zai iya ɗauka daga kwanaki 45 zuwa 70. Young ko ya raunana mata yana buƙatar karin lokaci kafin calving. 
Lokacin da ya fi ɗan gajeren lokaci yana rinjayar lafiyar saniya, yanayin tayin da samar da madara mai zuwa, kuma tsawon lokaci ya haifar da lalacewar tattalin arziki ga samarwa ko gonar.
Shin kuna sani? Yayin lokacin hawan ciki, mahaifa na mahaifa ya karu da sau 20 da kuma lokacin haihuwar jariri, tsawonsa kusan kimanin 100 cm ne.
Tunawa da sãniya, da mutum, yana da matsakaicin watanni 9, yayin da kashi biyu cikin kashi na uku na lokacin gestation lokacin daukar ciki ya kusan karɓuwa. Yayi a cikin watanni na ƙarshe cewa karuwa mai karuwa a cikin tayi zai faru - a wannan lokaci maraba na gaba zai karu da nauyi ta 75-80%, wanda ya haifar da nauyi akan dabba da kansa.
Tare da busassun bushewa, an dakatar da shanu, kuma duk abubuwan gina jiki waɗanda aka riga sun sha da madara suna kan gaba da girma da bunƙasa jariri. Lokacin rani ya rabu zuwa farkon (kwanaki 40 na farko) da marigayi, wato, lokacin wucewa (kimanin makonni 3 kafin calving). Abincin jiki da kuma bukatun abinci sun bambanta a cikin waɗannan sassan.
Mafi yawan shanu da shanu sun hada da Yaroslavl, Ayrshire, Red Steppe.
Muhimmancin abinci mai kyau na shanu masu ciki
A lokacin gestation, musamman ma a cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe, saniya na ciyar da kansa reserves na kayan abinci, ma'adanai da bitamin. Watanni biyu kafin zuwan, ƙwayar dabbobi yana da muhimmanci (sunadarai, lipid, carbohydrate, da ma'adinai). 
A lokacin da ake kira, ya kamata mace ta cike da abinci sosai - na tsawon watanni biyu na itacen da aka mutu, ya kamata a kara yawan nauyin saniya da matsakaicin kashi 10-12%, wato, tare da nauyin dabba na 550 kilogiram, ta lokacin calving, nauyi ya kamata ta karu da 55-65 kg. Amma a kowace harka ba za ta ƙyale kiba na dabba ba!
Mafi yawan naman ƙudan zuma sun hada da Hereford, Belgium, Aberdeen-Angus, Highland.
Ciyar da kyau a cikin lokacin bushe yana ba ka damar samun nasarar magance matsaloli irin wannan:
- sabuntawa na nauyin rayuwa, da tara yawan adadin abubuwan gina jiki;
- samun lafiya, mai karfi, mai ɗorewa;
- samun samuwa mai girma na madara;
- rigakafi da dama na kwayoyin halitta, postpartum da sauran matsalolin: mastitis, nakasa, postpartum paresis, da dai sauransu.;
- ƙarfafa jinin zuciya, na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, endocrin tsarin;
- sabunta jiki na dabba a lokacin lactation;
- samar da highstat colostrum, da muhimmanci ga baby a farkon kwanaki;
- kara yawan haihuwa.
Shin kuna sani? Dukan wakilan shanu suna kusan ba su bambanta launuka ba. Sabili da haka, ba'a bayyana ma'anar bijimin zuwa ragowar ja ba amma ta hanyar motsi a cikin iska.
Hanyoyi na abinci da kuma ciyar da shanu maras kyau
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, itacen da aka mutu ya kasu kashi biyu: farkon da marigayi (wucewa), wanda ya ƙare kai tsaye tare da calving. Nishaɗin naman dabbar a duk matakai zai zama daban. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a gyara abinci na dabba domin ya mutu da itacen da ya mutu. 
A farkon matattara, nauyin dabbar mace ta ƙunshi hay na hatsi da multivitamins, a ƙarshen marigayi bushe da kwanakin farko bayan da ake kira caling, silage da wasu abinci mai da hankali ga ƙwayar hay.
Adadin feedings a kowace rana yana da sau 2-3, kuma ya kamata a lasafta yawan kuɗin yau da kullum akan siffofin mutum na dabba:
- Weight Ga kowane kilogiram 100 na nauyin dabba, ana buƙatar guda ɗaya.
- Yawan aiki Ga kowane madara mai madara dubu dubu yana buƙatar guda ɗaya.
- Fatness. Don ƙara yawan fatness, yawan kuɗin yau da kullum ya karu ta hanyar rassan abinci 1-2.
A cikin farkon zamani (60-21 days kafin calving)
Yanayin bushe ya fara ne tare da kaddamarwa - da katsewar milking da kuma sauƙin sauya dabba zuwa wani sabon abincin. Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 7, dole ne a fara satar saniya zuwa sabon abincin. A cikin 'yan kasuwa masu yawa, ƙaddamarwa ta fito ne da kansa, don dabbobi masu tasowa, za a buƙaci haɗin mutum.
Na farko, abincin rana zai tsaya, sa'an nan kuma dole ne a ba da madara ba tare da cikakke ba, daina yin waƙoƙin massa. Kwanaki 14 kafin farkon matattu, ya kamata ku rage adadin silage a cikin abincin da kashi 20% ke ciki, sannan ku cire kayan abinci mai sauƙi daga abinci (ciyawa, fi, silage, da kuma amfanin gona). 
Idan mako kafin lokacin farawa na bushewa, yawan amfanin ƙasa na madara ba ya rage ko rage dan kadan, yana da muhimmanci don cire abinci mai mahimmanci daga cin abinci. In ba haka ba, wannan ba lallai ba ne.
Yana da muhimmanci! Zaka iya dakatar da suma kuma fara lokacin bushe tare da taimakon irin waɗannan kwayoyi: Orbesil, Gamaret, Orbenin da sauransu. Amma amfani da su dole ne a yarda da likitan dabbobi!
Abinci a farkon lokaci shine nufin ragewa da kuma dakatar da samar da madara, ta sake kunshe da jikin shanu tare da ma'adanai da bitamin. Bugu da kari, kana buƙatar saka idanu da adadin kuzari da abinci mai gina jiki don haka dabba bata ci gaba da kiba ba.
Babban kungiyoyin abinci a wannan lokaci:
- premixes;
- hay;
- bambaro;
- Daidaita daidai;
- ƙayyadadden abinci (0.5-1 kg).
A cikin 2nd zamani (21 days kafin calving - calving)
A wannan lokaci, akwai buƙatar ka ƙara yawan darajar abinci, saboda an maye gurbin hay a maye gurbin gurasar gari ko abinci. 
Rawanin kowace rana na dabba yana kimanin kilo 550 tare da yawan amfanin shekara-shekara har zuwa lita 5000:
- 12 kilogiram na hay;
- 11 kilogiram na silage;
- 4 kg na legume-hatsi hatsi cakuda;
- 2 kilogiram na hay;
- 100 g na premix.
A mataki na biyu ba zai yiwu a hana kariya daga abin da ke cike da sinadarin abinci ba, wanda ke barazana da postpartum paresis. Wannan yana nufin cewa wajibi ne don iyakance ciyar da jan clover, alfalfa, da sukari gishiri.
Ka tuna cewa a kwanakin ƙarshe kafin dabbawar dabba, abincin dabba zai iya ragewa ƙwarai, saboda saniya ya ci gaba da cin abinci, kana buƙatar sa kayan abinci mai kyau, sabo da dadi, kuma ya kamata a kula da tsarin ciyar da abinci.
Kuna iya sha'awar koyon yadda za ku ciyar da maraƙi, yadda za ku ciyar da shanu da kyau, abin da ya kamata ya zama abincin abincin mai hatsi.
Wace abinci ba za a ba wa shanu masu ciki ba
An hana haɓakawa ga mata:
- cake da abinci daga auduga;
- ciyar tare da burbushi na lalata, kayan haɓaka, kayan da zazzage ko samfurori;
- m abinci 10 days kafin calving (ko rage yawan su by 50%);
- iyaka izinin gishiri don kauce wa rashin tausayi ko paresis.
Sauran shawarwari masu amfani:- a lokacin busassun lokacin dabba ya sami damar yin amfani da shi ga mai sha;
- A yanayin zafi, yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye dabba a titi har tsawon sa'o'i 8;
- Ba za a iya ajiye shanu da yawa a kan leash ba;
- Barn ga heifers ya kasance mai tsabta, bushe da haske;
- dole ne a kiyaye dabba daga damuwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ya zama dole don ciyar da silage, hay da kore fodder a matsayin duka, unground.
Saboda haka, kada mutum yayi la'akari da muhimmancin samar da abinci mai kyau da kuma ciyar da shanu a cikin matakai na ƙarshe na ciki.
Deadwood wani lokaci ne mai mahimmanci, wanda nasararsa zai dogara ne akan lafiyar jiki da ƙwarewa na saniya, ƙaddamar da aiki da kuma yin amfani da maraƙin, saboda haka tattalin arziki ya dace da tattalin arzikin gaba daya.
Sabili da haka, masu samar da dabbobi su kula da abinci na shanu a wannan mataki, tabbatar da mafi kyawun yanayin kuma ba batun dabba ya damu ba.
