ha.pastureone.com
Shuka amfanin gona

Muna girma da amfani da shag a gidan

"Makhorka aboki ne mai aminci, yana kwantar da jijiyoyi," in ji 'yan sandan game da taba shan taba, wanda aka sanya shi daga tsirrai iri daya daga cikin iyalin Solanaceae, dauke da nicotine. Kuma idan a baya shag ya kasance kusan irin wannan nau'i na yawancin maza na Slavs, a yau ana ganin wannan tsire-tsire ta zama abin ƙyama. Mene ne shag, yadda za a iya amfani dashi a rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma yadda za a shuka shi da kyau a gida - za mu bayyana shi a cikin dalla-dalla a ƙasa.

Menene shag?

Ana kiransa tsire-tsire a matsayin tsire-tsire mai nauyin nauyin taba (yana dauke da kayan nicotine), da taba shan taba mai ƙananan ƙwayar da aka yi daga ɗakin da aka ambata. Ba kamar sauran tsire-tsire na tsinkayen tababa ba, shag yana da ƙananan yanayi ga yanayin girma kuma mafi tsayayya ga sauyin yanayi. Rarraba taba yana da yawa: ana iya samuwa a kusan dukkanin cibiyoyin ƙasa, amma mafi yawansu duk yana son yankuna arewacin da yanayin yanayi. Bayanai na waje na tsire-tsire ba sabanin bane: yana da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire ta kowace shekara tare da ƙananan furanni da ƙananan furanni, mai mahimmanci, tare da ganyayyaki. Babu shakka duk sassan shuka yana dauke da nicotine, amma wannan baya hana amfani da wannan amfanin gona don wasu manufofin tattalin arziki da na masana'antu - alal misali, a cikin samar da citric acid ko poisons don sarrafa kwayoyin kwari.

Shin kuna sani? Kalmar "shag" ta fito ne daga sunan birnin Amersfoort a NetherlandsA cikin karni na 18, wanda ya zama sananne ga ingantaccen masana'antun taba, akwai wurin da gonakin farko suka bayyana a inda suke girma.
An sanya taba da aka samar daga taba ya zama mafi cutarwa fiye da, alal misali, taba budurwa, kuma an samo shi a cikin nau'i biyu: snuff da shan taba. Idan a baya, a kan yankin na Tsohon Harkokin Harkokin Jirgi ta Yammacin Amirka, an dasa gonar da kuma samar da wannan al'ada a kan sikelin masana'antu, a yau wannan tsire-tsire yake girma ne kawai ta hanyar kamfanoni.

Koyi yadda za a shuka taba m, da taba shan taba, ƙura taba da kuma yadda ake amfani da taba.

Inda kuma yadda za a yi girma a shag

Yawancin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da ke cikin gonar amfanin gonar yanzu suna yanzu a Tatarstan da Siberia Siyasa, inda yawancin albarkatu na wannan shuka ya kai kimanin kadada 10,000. Mafi yawancin shag, wanda za'a iya girma a cikin ƙasa, sune iri "Pehlets na gida" da "Datura 4". Mafi kyaun ƙasa ga irin wannan shuka shine ƙasa mai laushi (musamman, loamy chernozem), kuma yawan zafin jiki yana da matsakaici, har zuwa 22 ° C. Don tabbatar da yawancin tsire-tsire, ana shuka filin tare da masara ko burodi na hunturu - bayan wadannan tsire-tsire, kasar gona ta fi dacewa don girma shag. Amma dankalin turawa da sunflower sunyi mummunan magabata, kamar yadda suke da al'adun da ke sama ba kawai kwari ba ne kawai, amma har da cututtuka irin wannan. A lokacin da suka girma shag, suna kula da ingancin ƙasa sosai: an tattara shi lokaci-lokaci tare da adadin ƙwayar phosphorus da potassium, da kuma samar da isasshen tsabta da tsaftacewa.

Abubuwan amfani da shag

Babban amfani da shag, da kuma mummunar cutar, yana cikin abun ciki na nicotine a cikin wannan shuka - abu mai amfani ba kawai a cikin masana'antar taba ba, amma har ma a magani. Ana fitar da sinadarin Nicotinic daga ganyayyaki, wanda ya samu nasarar magance wasu cututtuka na fata da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya - alal misali, cirewa daga ganyen wannan al'ada yana daga cikin wasu shirye-shirye a aikin likita na Latin Amurka.

Bugu da ƙari ga shag, saboda cututtuka na tsarin jijiyoyin jini suna amfani da tsire-tsire kamar: karas, radishes, hawthorn, Basil, eggplant, aconite, hazelnut da gumi.

Wani nau'i na nicotine yana ƙarfafa aikin basira da kuma hana cututtuka irin su schizophrenia da cutar Parkinson, wanda aka dauka matsayin kyakkyawan yanayin wannan al'ada. Wannan shuka kuma yana taimakawa sosai tare da haɗin gwiwar jiki da bayyanar cututtuka ta ARVI: ya isa ya ƙin ƙanshin da aka bushe ganye sau 5-6 a rana, kuma enzymes masu zafi a cikin abun da ke ciki sun daidaita yanayin mucous membranes da kuma taimakawa kumburi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Domin samun sauƙin farfadowa, shafe ganye na bushe na shag domin ƙwayoyin shuka ba su fada a kan mucosa ba. Ka tuna: wannan hanyar magani ba dace da yara ba.
Har ila yau, tincture na taba zai iya warkar da irin wannan fata fata kamar scabies.

Wannan zai buƙaci:

  • ruwa - 5 l;
  • gishiri - 1 tbsp. cokali;
  • dried ganye ganye - 800 g.

Cooking:

  1. Tafasa ruwa, kara gishiri kuma ƙara busassun ganye.
  2. Tafasa tafasa 2 minti, cire daga zafi.
  3. Rufe tukunya tare da murfi, kunsa a cikin tawul kuma bar don akalla sa'o'i 2-3.
Bayan an yi amfani da maganin, ya kamata a rubbed cikin matsala na fata a kalla sau 3 a rana. Bayan kwanaki 2 da yin amfani da irin wannan kayan aiki, aikin ƙwayar fata zai karu da kyau kuma za a fara raguwa. Cikakken cikakke yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 7-12 (a matsayin ma'auni mai kariya, za ka iya ci gaba da rub da tincture na wasu kwanaki 2-3 bayan cikakken dawowa). Tashin ƙura. Bugu da ƙari, ƙetare daga siga sigari kyauta ne mai kyau don magance kwari na amfanin gonar gona: ƙurar taba taba ta gurɓata baƙar fata, kwari da aphids. Kuma idan kun shuka wasu shag bushes tsakanin gadaje, ba za ku iya ajiye kawai daga shuke-shuke daga mamayewa na parasites, amma kuma hana fitowar kusan dukkanin cututtuka da aka sani.

Abubuwan banƙyama na shag

Duk wani mummunar tasirin taba akan jiki an sake danganta shi da nicotine: ƙananan ƙwayar wannan abu shine magani, kuma babban kashi shine guba. Nicotine a cikin manyan abubuwa yana haifar da aikin lalacewar kuma yana da matukar damuwa ko ma ya dakatar da aiki na gabobin mahimmanci. Smoking taba ko sauran taba, na farko, mummunan shafi na respiratory fili da kuma huhu - shan taba taba taba "konewa" da m daga cikin wadannan gabobin.

Yi hankali game da shan chin, marijuana, dope da foxglove.

Bugu da ƙari, shag yana da nishaɗi, zai iya rage halayyar jima'i, yana rinjayar gashi da launin fata, kuma yana haɗuwa da hanta. Duk da haka, lalacewar cututtukan wannan shuka suna haɗuwa da yawancin amfani, don haka don amfani da shag, kana bukatar ka san yadda za a iya amfani da shi da abin da za a yi amfani da shi.

Shin kuna sani? Makhorka an yi kuskuren la'akari da cakuda furon Rasha. A gaskiya, duk al'adun taba, kamar shag, sun shiga cikin Turai a zamanin da Babban Tarihin Gida, lokacin da masu aikin jirgin na Columbus kawo zuwa nahiyar Turai ba kawai wani tsire-tsire ba ne wanda ba a taba gani ba, amma har ma ya saba da shan taba hayaki.

Aikace-aikace na masana'antu

Babban manufar shag a ƙarƙashin yanayin masana'antu shine noma don bukatun fasaha. Saboda haka, daga cikin ganyayyaki da mai tushe na wannan shuka suna samar da alkaloid mai karfi (nicotine), wanda ake amfani dashi don shiri na duka kwayoyi da poisons. Ana fitar da Phytomass daga kayan malic da citric - an yi amfani da su a cikin kayan zane-zane (a matsayin nau'i mai launi na polyester fabric) da kuma a cikin masana'antun abincin (abin sha mai dadi mai sha, ice cream, da samfurori na aiki mai wuya irin su mayonnaise ko ruwan inabi).

Don yin sabulu, zaka iya amfani da wardi, kirki, koko, Mint, Fennel, Anise, snakehead, da kuma rashin rai.

Hanyoyin wannan al'ada sune tushen man fetur mai mahimmanci, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don yin sabulu, har ma da kara da abun da ke cikin wasu takardu. Mafi yawancin, ana amfani da taba a masana'antun taba - kawai kimanin kashi 5 cikin 100 na duk kayan taba a yau sun hada da taba.

Aikace-aikacen Gida

Idan masana'antu shag yana amfani da su a manyan masana'antu, a cikin gida yana da amfani kawai don magance kwayoyin cutar da kwari wanda ke kewaye da albarkatun noma.

A lokacin da yada kwari

Tsuntsi ko busassun busassun shag ɗin suna da kyau taimakawa tsire-tsire a cikin yankinku daga kananan kwari da ƙwayoyin parasitic. Saboda haka, a kan ƙuda kwari, zaka iya amfani da turg, wanda kawai kake buƙatar watsa tare da ƙananan karamin kore. Cutar whitefly da aphids a hanya mai mahimmanci shine decoction na taba. Don shiri zai buƙaci:

  • shag - 200 g;
  • ruwa - 10 l;
  • sabulu.

Cooking:

  1. Tafasa ruwa, a zub da sabbin ganye na shuka.
  2. Tafasa don 5 da minti kuma ƙara 1 tbsp. cokali na sabulu ruwa.
  3. Cool, iri.
Spraying tare da wannan decoction zai taimaka da tsire-tsire ba kawai daga aphids, amma kuma daga shuka da apple codwort. Kabeji tashi. Furotin magudi na musamman (shag tare da ash a cikin wani rabo daga 1: 1) zai taimaka wajen kawar da sauyi daga kwari na kabeji da ƙutturan giciye, kuma wannan kayan ado shine maganin duniya don dukan cututtuka masu ciwo masu cutarwa:

  • shag - 20 g;
  • tafarnuwa - 200 g;
  • albasa kwasfa - 200 g;
  • sabulu.

Cooking:

  1. Kwasfa da sara sarawan tafarnuwa.
  2. Haɗa shag, yankakken tafarnuwa da albasa kwasfa, zuba lita 10 na ruwa. Don tafasa.
  3. Cook don 2 hours a kan zafi kadan, sanyi da iri.
  4. Ƙara 80 g na sabulu na ruwa da kuma ƙara ruwa mai tsabta zuwa lita 10 (a lokacin aikin dafa abinci, ruwa ya kwashe).
Ba kamar ƙwayoyin kwari ba, ƙananan kayan ado ko ƙura ne mai magani na al'ada wanda ya dace da zalunta da tsire-tsire da ƙananan harbe.

Karanta yadda za a kawar da tururuwa a cikin greenhouse, yadda za a halakar da aphids, yadda za ka magance wasps da abin da za a shayar da guraben a gidan.

Girgu shag a gida

Don shuka wannan shuka a gida ba babban kudade ne na kudi ko kudi ba - ko da wani magungunan ba da ƙwaƙwalwa zai iya karɓar shi.

Tsarin shirye

Wannan mataki yana da mahimmanci, saboda ingancin zaɓi da kuma shirye-shirye na tsaba, zai dogara ne akan yawan amfanin gonar da za a yi a gaba. Kafin dasa shuki, ana buƙatar sabbin tsaba. Don yin wannan, kana buƙatar akwati tare da ƙananan kasa, wanda aka zuba tsaba. Bayan haka, ana shuka tsaba a ko'ina a cikin jirgin ruwa (Layer bai kamata ya fi 3 cm ba) kuma ya cika da ruwa mai dumi. Idan wasu tsaba sun fito, suna buƙatar za a zaba su kuma jefa su - ba su da kyau don shuka. Bayan haka, ana ajiye tsaba a cikin ruwa har tsawon sa'o'i 6-8. Daga gaba, ruwa dole ne a shafe, da kuma tsaba da kansu - yada a kan wani nau'i na musamman don germination. Bayan kwanaki 3 zaka iya duba tsaba: daga wannan lokaci za su fara farawa. Bayan sun fara farawa daga cikin tsaba, ana buƙatar tsaba daga juna da kuma zuba kayan tsabta don samun iska da bushewa. Ana iya amfani da lokacin samun iska (har zuwa awa 24) don yin shiri na ƙasa.

Yanayin saukowa a kasa

A lokacin da ake shuka shag, ana amfani da hanyoyi 2: dasa shuki da shuka da dasa shuki kai tsaye tare da tsaba. Kowane irin waɗannan hanyoyin yana da amfani da rashin amfani.

Seed

Hanyar da aka fi amfani dashi mafi yawa: yana da mafi dacewa kuma, a matsayin mulkin, yana bada yawan amfanin ƙasa. Duk da haka, idan ba'a dace ba (idan an saka tsaba a ƙasa fiye da 3 cm), harbe ba zai iya karya cikin ƙasa ya mutu ba. Tsarin shuki na tsaba shi ne kamar haka: an raba yankin da aka shirya zuwa kananan raguna tare da wani lokaci na akalla 70 cm daga juna. Bayan haka, an haɗe tsaba da aka bushe tare da ƙananan yashi na yashi, kuma an shuka a cikin ragi. Daga sama (fiye da 1-2 cm lokacin farin ciki) yi humus sifted, sa'an nan kuma kasar gona ya kamata a shayar da shi sosai da ruwa. Bayan haka, ka rufe tsaba tare da fim (yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da cewa ƙasa a ƙarƙashin fim ba ya bushe, kuma lokaci-lokaci ruwa da shuka). Bayan tsire-tsire sun yi girma zuwa 5 cm, za'a iya cire fim ɗin - yanzu tsire-tsire yana da ƙarfi sosai don yayi girma a fili.

Saplings

Rashin haɓaka wannan hanyar ita ce shuka ba ta fara girma ba a cikin ƙasa ta ƙasa, kuma lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin ƙasa na ƙarshe, ba ta haifar da rigakafi ba. A sakamakon haka, shuka yana sau da yawa ga cutar. Dasa shag seedlings shine kamar haka: don fara shirya rijiyoyin - zurfin su ba zai wuce 10 cm ba. A cikin rami na yin karamin zuciya, wanda aka yalwata da ruwa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Shag saplings ba sa bukatar m watering - yana isa su ruwa su sau ɗaya a mako, amma a lokaci guda watering ya zama mai yawa.
Mafi zurfin yafa yafa masa ƙasa, wanda aka sanya seedling - dole ne a rufe shi sosai a ƙasa mai bushe. Godiya ga wannan fasahar, tushen tsarin seedlings yana daukan tushe mafi kyau, kuma tushen kansu ba sa rasa yawan laima. Lokacin da shuka ya kai tsawo na 10 cm, an riga ya yiwu a ƙarshe ta samar da yawan shuka da kuma fitar da layuka idan ya cancanta.

Wani ƙasa don shuka da yadda za a takin

Babban makiyi na shag - "wuya" ko "gurgu" ƙasa. Ganye zai yi girma ne kawai a cikin ƙasa mai yalwa, don haka an gabatar da ƙananan yashi a cikin ƙasa kafin dasa shuki, sa'an nan kuma ana ƙin ƙasa don hada haɗin daɗaɗɗa na launi. Shirye-shiryen shafin don dasa shuki shaguwa ba zai fara a cikin bazara, har ma a cikin kaka: kafin kakawar kaka, toka da kuma maniyyi ana kawo su cikin ƙasa, kuma a cikin idon ruwa - takin mai magani na musamman phosphate, a cikin kimanin kimanin 20 g na taki da mita 1. m na ƙasa.

Bayan an wadatar da ƙasa tare da phosphorus, dole ne a sassauta ƙasa tare da rake - yanzu yana shirye don dasa shuki tsaba ko seedlings. Ya lura cewa ana iya amfani da takin mai magani ba kawai kafin dasa shuki ba, har ma a lokacin girma da maturation na shuka (idan, misali, akwai ruwa mai yawa kuma wani ɓangare na kasar gona ya wanke daga karkashin shuka). Ya kamata a tuna da cewa yawancin amfanin gona yana da muhimmanci don yawan amfanin gona, don haka kada ku manta da takin mai magani: alal misali, yana ɗaukar kimanin kilo 10 na phosphorus da 30 kilogiram na potassium don samar da nau'in ton guda daya na ganye.

Koyi yadda za a ƙayyade acidity na ƙasa, karba takin mai magani, deoxidize, da kuma dalilin da ya sa ya zama dole don noma da ƙin ƙasa.

Zai fi dacewa amfani da takin gargajiya na jiki irin su doki mai doki, peat, droppings tsuntsaye da itace ash. Wannan zai tabbatar da girbi mai kyau na shuka, wadda, ta hanya, ta kai kimanin 3-4 ton na girma samfurin da 1 ha na yankin.

Yanayin yanayin zafi

Idan ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki, dole ne a daidaita daidaitattun ma'auni: misali, idan zafin jiki ya yi yawa (sama da 25 ° C), shag zai cigaba da sauri, amma yawancinta da yawan amfanin ƙasa zai karu da muhimmanci. Kuma ƙananan zafin jiki (a kasa 3 ° C) yana haifar da tsire-tsire don rage dukkan matakai, wanda har ma yana barazanar mutuwarsa. Yanayin yanayin zafin jiki shine amplitude na 17-22 ° C - jinkirta ci gaba tare da waɗannan alamomi zai zama kadan, kuma girman ganye da abun da ke jikin sinadarin kanta kanta za a kafa shi a hanya madaidaiciya.

Don tabbatar da cewa seedlings suna da yanayin zazzabi, tabbatar da cewa sprouts ba a karkashin rana mai tsananin haskakawa - idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da alfarwa na musamman don seedlings. Hakazalika, kare furanni daga yanayin sanyi mai yiwuwa: idan akwai barazanar sanyi, rufe bishiyoyi tare da dumi mai dumi, kuma ƙara karar wani magani na taki.

Girbi da ajiya

Wannan al'ada yana farawa lokacin da spots yellowish sun bayyana a kan ganyayyaki (musamman ga ƙananan ganye) da kuma siffar nicotine mai ban sha'awa na shuka. Girbi ta yankan tare da gatari mai tsayi: kowane sashi an yanke shi a hankali, yana ƙoƙari kada ya lalata ganye. Ƙarƙashin shuka da aka shimfiɗa a cikin tara kuma an canja shi zuwa wani wuri mai bushe a ƙarƙashin rufi (wannan ɗakin ɗakin ɗakuna ne). A kan katako na katako an ajiye shi kuma ya bar ya bushe tsawon sa'o'i 24. Bayan wannan lokaci, za a yi karin bayani a cikin takardar girbi ("damuwa").

Yanzu inji ya shirya don kara bushewa. Kowane sashi na shag dole ne a yanka tare da wuka mai maƙarƙashiya (sashi da ƙasa na tushe ya kamata ya kasance ba tare). Wannan tsari (farfadowa) zai iya rage lokacin bushewa. Sa'an nan kuma an sanya blanks a kan lu'u-lu'u na bakin ciki ko sanduna. Ana rataye kwakwalwan bushe a cikin inuwa, amma a wani wuri inda akwai takarda (alal misali, ɗaki mai haɗi ko wani carport). Yanzu tsari na bushewa yana farawa kai tsaye - yana iya wucewa daga kwanaki 10 zuwa 24, dangane da nau'in samfurin, yanayin yanayi, zafi na iska, da dai sauransu. Bayan ingancin ya bushe, ya kamata a raba rassan a hankali daga mai tushe kuma a sanya shi a cikin tsabta, kwandon bushe ko gilashin gilashi. Yana da muhimmanci a zabi wuri don ajiya inda dumi ba zai fada ba (alal misali, ɗakin katako). Сушёную махорку, которая хранится в банке, обязательно нужно проветривать, в противном случае сушка попросту запреет и испортится.An dasa shi da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire a bunches kuma an adana shi a cikin wani wuri da aka dakatar da shi a cikin bushe, ɗaki mai daɗaɗɗa (dutsen ko baranda cikakke ga wannan).

Makhorka a yau ba al'ada ba ne, amma al'adu masu yawa-taba, wanda ya dace kuma yana da amfani ga masana'antu kamar masana'antu, samar da sabulu, samar da kayan zane da magunguna. Sanin ka'idoji da fasaha na shuka, kulawa da tsinkayen tsire-tsire masu kyau zai ba da izinin magungunan agronomist marasa kyau don bunkasa wannan al'ada da amfani da ita don bukatun fasaha daban-daban.

Interesting Articles