Sinningia (Sinningia): bayanin, namo, hotuna, cututtuka da kwari

Ƙananan launuka masu launi na launi suna wakiltar babban darajar wannan shuka. A cikin kula da shi zai bukaci wasu kwarewa da ƙoƙari, amma yana da daraja - ƙananan, musamman a siffar da launi na bouquet a kan windowsill zai ji daɗi ku kowace safiya. Yi la'akari da siffofin girma wannan flower a cikin labarin.

Abubuwan:

• Sorta
• Tsarin hanyoyi
• Saukowa
• Tuber
• Ƙasa
• Watering
• Kula
• Haskewa
• Location
• Watering
• Top dressing
• Pruning
• Zazzabi
• Humidity
• Tashi
• Cututtuka

Bayani

Sunan na biyu na Latin sunan furen shine gloxinia. Wannan itace ganye ne. An samo horar da girma a kan gilashi da kuma gadaje na flower.

Shin kuna sani? "Glocke" fassara daga Jamusanci "kararrawa". Sabili da haka, "Gloxinia" yana da mahimmanci kuma mafi yawan suna don synonymia, wanda aka samo shi daga mai son furanni.

Yana da kyawawan mikiya, mai laushi, mai tsauri wanda zai kai kimanin 40 cm a diamita. Yawancin tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire har zuwa 25 cm, amma akwai kuma dwarf iri. Launi na harbe ne kore ko m. Ganye suna daɗa ko pith, 1 zuwa 6 cm tsawo. Sun kasance masu fitowa, wasu lokuta suna iya samun raƙuman wuta tare da magunguna, magunguna da hakora a gefen baki.

Koyi yadda za a kula da gloxinia, yadda za'a kare shi daga cututtuka da kwari.

An ajiye inflorescences a kan tsirrai na flower, kamar dai an tattara su a bunches. Gyara ko dai a kan babban runaway ko a gefe. Kwayoyin furanni suna da nau'i na kararrawa elongated, kuma an ajiye kowannensu a kan wani tsararren pedicel. Yawan - har zuwa guda 10. Kwayoyin nama na jiki da kuma balaga, tsawon furanni - daga 2 zuwa 6 cm. - 5 abubuwa. Launi - 50 tabarau na ja, blue da rawaya.

Yanayin zaɓuɓɓuka sun ƙunshi farin, ruwan hoda da mulu. Irin waɗannan furanni na iya samun launin polka dot din ko wata karamar karamci mai haske a kusa da gefen flower. Tsire-tsire a watan Maris, kuma a karkashin yanayi mai kyau, lokacin flowering yana da har zuwa watanni 3.

Tsaba har zuwa 1 mm a girman, ripen a wurin furanni, a cikin kwalaye iri a siffar wani mazugi mai karɓa. Tsarin akwatin yana da launin ruwan kasa da santsi.

Shin kuna sani? A shuka samu da botanical sunan gloxinia daga Jamus botanist likitan Benjamin Peter Gloksin. Matsayinsa a cikin tarihin shuka shi ne cewa yana da ƙwarewa a tsire-tsire iri, da kuma gloxinia musamman. Sunan sunansa a cikin fassarar yana hade da siffar flower - kararrawa. A shekara ta 1825, an samo wani tsirrai kamar na gloxinia a siffar da launi na flower, amma yana da tuber. Kuma sunan Latin sunan jinsin "sinningia" Ya samo asali ne daga sunan V. Sining - wani lambu a Bonn Botanical Garden, wanda ya ba da ransa don bunkasa irin wannan tsire-tsire. Dukkanin tuberous suna dauke da zabi.

Sorta

Ta hanyar kokarin masu shayarwa, akwai kimanin manyan nau'o'i 30, wadanda suka bambanta da siffofin siffofi. Kuma wannan aikin bai daina ba, don haka ana ba da tayin a cikin launi da siffar furanni.

Mafi kyau shine:

• gloxinia "Sambalina";
• gloxinia "Viennese Waltz";
• Sinningia Violaceia;
• Sinningia "Cleopatra";
• Saka "'yan mata".

Amma siffofin da aka fi so, sau da yawa ana samun su a kan taga, duba a kasa.

Yanayin Terry:

• "Blue Pearl Fild" ("Night Starlit");
• "Gudun ruwan 'ya'yan itace";
• Miloslav;
• "Maɗaukaki Mai Lafiya";
• "Ariel".

Dabbobi iri iri:

• "Tigrina Viol" ("Koldovo Lake");
• "Galaxy TV";
• "Black Magic";
• "Lemon Swirls";
• "Wizardry".

Tidei iri:

• "Cranberries a sukari";
• "Tsarin Cherry";
• "Blue Multibells";
• "Rossiyanochka";
• "Gudun ruwa".

A yanayi, synningia ke tsiro a matsayin epiphyte, kuma epiphytes sun hada da orchids, guzmania, schlumberger, ehmei, platiceriums, vriezii, ripsalis.

Tsarin hanyoyi

Daga cikin masu shuka furanni akwai sunan gidan ga shuka - "tabarau". Ana iya yada su a hanyoyi da dama:

1. Cuttings na ganye.
2. Sashin ɓangaren launi.
3. Tare da taimakon tsaba.
4. Ta hanyar rarrabe tuber.
5. Ta hanyar rushe pedicel.

Sakamakon rubutu na rubutu ya kasance mafi kyawun hanyar saboda gaskiyar cewa yana da sauki kuma mai araha. Akwai zaɓi biyu don wannan hanya.

Zabin 1:

• Kuna buƙatar rage ƙananan shingen cikin gilashin da ruwa mai dadi;
• lokacin da asalinsu suka farfado, dashi a cikin wani cassette tare da mahimmanci ko kwamfutar hannu;
• masu shuka furanni suna bada shawarar samar da rabuwar waje daga duniyar waje domin yankan - saboda haka matasa suna bayyana sauri. Kuma da zarar sun bayyana, an cire takardar tsohuwar.

Idan a cikin bazara akwai yawancin tsire-tsire, za ku iya yanke wasu abubuwa kuma ku ɓoye daga duniyar waje. Sabili da haka sun fi girma suyi girma, har ma da sauri fiye da launi.

Zabin 2:

• An shuka shukar shuka a cikin ƙasa;
• farawa ko peat tablets dole ne a shirya. Dole ne akwai daidaitattun ƙasa da daidaituwa, don haka hanya don danshi da iska ya bayyana. Yana da mahimmanci don dandano mai faɗakarwa tare da perlite (vermiculite), da kuma zuba nau'in peat cikin ruwa;
• shirye-shirye na yanke shine wadannan - muna aiwatar da yanke tare da mai da hankali don samar da tushen sauri sauri;
• A tsakiyar ƙasa, yin tsagi na kimanin 1.5 cm kuma zuba yashi. Stalk dasa a wani kusurwa;
• muna ware tukunya tare da jakar filastik ko kwalban gilashi. Cire murfin da zaran 'yan matasan da ganye suka tafi;
• Sanya tukunya a wuri mai dumi, amma ba a hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Saboda haka daidaita matsalar matasan zai zama sauri.

Bidiyo: Gloxinia grafting

Saukowa

Kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, an gabatar da wani nau'i na zabin yanayi na gloxinia yanzu. Za a saya su duka a shagunan flower da kan shafukan intanit. Idan ana dasa shuki da kyau, za su ji dadin ku tare da lush blooming.

Tuber

Ka'idodin ka'idoji don zaɓin tuber: diamita 3-4 cm, mai yawa, na roba, ba tare da wurare masu banza ba ko mota.

Kayyadadden yanayin tubal shine tushen asalin tuber yayi girma a kan fuskarsa duka: duka biyu a cikin ɓangaren tuber da kuma a waje, inda aka kafa buds. Za a iya kunna su kuma fara farawa a kowane lokaci na shekara. Idan akwai dried ko masu barci a kan tuber, yana da mahimmanci don cire su da tweezers kafin dasa a cikin ƙasa. Har ila yau kana buƙatar tsaftace shi daga tushen asalin.

To, idan tuber kafin dasawa za a sarrafa shi a cikin wani fungicide (tushen rawar jiki). Magunguna masu shawarar: Vitaros, Maxim, Rovral, Fundazol. Idan babu wani abu a hannun - riƙe da tuber na tsawon minti 20-30 cikin duhu mai cikakken bayani na potassium permanganate.

Ƙasa

Wajibi ne don sassauta da ruwa da ƙasa, tare da hada shi da oxygen. Idan kana da kwamfutar hannu peat, zuba ruwa don ya kumbura. Kyakkyawan ƙwayar ƙasa mai fure don violets da begonias. Idan kana da tallace-tallace da aka saya, za mu wadata shi:

• vermiculite - a cikin rabo daga 1-2 tablespoons da 1 lita;
• yashi - 1-2 handfuls da 1 lita.

Tare da kulawa muke takin da ƙura, sphagnum ko perlite. Ɗaya daga cikinsu yana iya haifar da ƙurar ƙasa.

Gilashin ko tukunya ya kamata ya zama girman matsakaici, daga tuber sanya a tsakiyar ƙasa, kuma 3-4 cm zuwa gefen tukunya ya kamata a bar shi.

Cika sauran ƙasa, ba da samun isa zuwa gefen 4-5 cm.Da muyi ciki a cikin ƙasa ta 1.5-2 cm, mun cika shi da yashi. An saka tuber a cikin rami tare da gefen haɗuwa a cikin ƙasa, kuma a wani ɓangare tare da ƙira, inda akwai irregularities a farfajiyar (waɗannan su ne buds na gaba), sama.

An rufe shi da ƙasa, amma yana da mahimmanci cewa ba ta fada cikin raguwa - wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen bayyanar da matakai na putrefactive a cikin kodan kuma jinkirta jinkirin su. Kamar yadda matasa harbe ripen, da tuber ya kamata a rufe gaba daya da ƙasa, da Layer kauri ne game da 4-5 cm.

Fidio: yadda za a shuka wani tsari

Watering

Tuber watering a kusa da. Ya kamata ruwa ya kasance a cikin dakin da zafin jiki - wasu 'yan sa'o'i da suka rabu da ruwa ko kuma sun wuce ta hanyar tsaftacewar gida. Akwai zabi biyu don watering:

• daga sama kai tsaye cikin ƙasa;
• a cikin kwanon rufi, ƙyale ƙasa ta yalwata da ruwa.

Ana tsara ƙayyadaddun watering kamar yadda ake bukata. Ba za ku iya cika ko bushe tuber ba, in ba haka ba zai yi yaushi ko bushe ba.

Mun sanya a cikin wuri mai haske da dumi, ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma zane ba, amma tare da yanayin zafin jiki na + 22 ° C. Tare da yanayin agro da ya dace a wata daya za ku ga matasa.

Kula

Gloxinia yana da wasu fasaha na musamman:

1. Ƙasa na ɓangaren fure ya mutu bayan bayan flowering. Yana da muhimmanci a bar tsarin ya ƙare.
2. Lokacin da shuka ya fara lokacin hutawa, wajibi ne don ciyar da naman nitrogen, misali, monophosphate.
3. Don cike da girma, girman tukunya yana da mahimmanci - don shuka mai girma daga 15 cm a diamita.
4. Akwai yiwuwar ɗaukar hoto a kowace shekara na wannan kyakkyawa - sanya fure-fure tare da furanni a wuri tare da zazzabi da zazzabi da kuma samar da hasken rana tsawon sa'o'i 14-16 a rana.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan dakin yana da sanyi ko sanyi mai sanyi, ƙwayar gloxinia zata juya baƙi kuma zata shushe.

Haskewa

Kayan shuka yana buƙatar akalla 12-14 hours na fitarwa. Idan ya cancanta, a shirya don ƙara shirya lamuni na baya. Mu maimaita - mun ware hasken rana kai tsaye, suna lalacewa don shuka.

Yana da muhimmanci! Don fahimtar cewa akwai kasawar hasken, dubi ganyayyaki: idan sun kasance a tsaye a fili kuma karar ba ta tasowa ba, to, duk abin komai ne. Idan saurar koreren sun tashi a kan tudu, an buƙatar tsawon ƙarfin haske.

Location

Ajiye gadon filawa a kan windowsill, za ku haɗu da wasu hadari. Da fari dai, yana da wani takarda - samun iska daga ɗakin yana da rikitarwa. Har ila yau, ana ba da batura a ƙarƙashin windowsill - tambayar ƙarin ƙarin tsaftace iska zai tashi.

Watering

A lokacin yin amfani da ruwa ta hanyar tsarkakewa ba ruwan sanyi ba. Binciken na yau da kullum - idan ka ga cewa kashin saman ƙasa ya bushe, ya shafe shi da sirinji na likita. Daidaitawar gyaran gyaran ƙasa duka yana da mahimmanci.

Top dressing

Ya kamata a gudanar da cin abinci a lokaci. Daya daga cikin manyan manufofi shine haske, cikakken launuka na bluebells a lokacin flowering flowering. Mun fara makirci a cikin wata daya da rabi bayan dasa shuki mai tuber. Florists bayar da shawarar yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Kemira Lux". Ya dace a matsayin matashi, flowering, kuma kawai zai samar da buds.

Yawan yawan ciyarwa ya dogara da girman girman furen da ƙarar ganga - a matsakaicin sau 2-3 a wata. A lokacin flowering - sau 3. Yana da muhimmanci a ciyar a cikin riga rigar ƙasa. Idan ba'a dace ba, to kasar gona za ta cike da nitrogen zai ba da launi da ƙananan furanni na furanni, ko injin ba zai yi fure ba.

Pruning

Lokacin da lokacin flowering ya zo, an bada shawara a hankali a yanka na farko buds - wannan zai sa shinging don fitar da fi furanni. A yayin flowering, nan da nan cire kayan karrarawa maras nauyi tare da pedicel, yin ɗakin ga sababbin. Bayan lokacin flowering, kuma tsire-tsire ya shiga lokacin hutu, dole ne a yanka dukkan bangare ƙasa tare da kayan aiki mai tsabta, barin wani kututture mai tsayi 1-2 cm. Wani makonni 2-3 kuma ya kamata a bar kututtukan shayarwa, amma ba tare da wani irin ciyar ba. Har sai lokacin bazara, kana buƙatar ka kasance mai rai da kyawawan flower tuber kawai.

Zazzabi

Kamar yadda muka fada, synningia fara farawa a watan Maris kuma, a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin, ya cigaba da yin haka har tsawon watanni 3. A wannan lokacin, idan babu bala'o'i da kuma tilasta majeure yanayi (kamar dusar ƙanƙara a Afrilu 2017), yana da yawan zafin jiki. Lokacin da shuka ya fita a cikin wani yanayi na dormant, yana da kyau a gare shi ya zauna a cikin zazzabi mai sanyi, game da + 10 ° C.

Yana da muhimmanci! Rubutun takardun su ne irin gwajin da ke nunawa dayanayin fure Idan sun shimfiɗa zuwa sama - zazzabi a gare su yana da tsawo, idan sun fada a kasa da gefen tukunya, fure yana daskarewa.

Humidity

Gloxinia ba za ta jure wa dashi a kan ganye ko furanni ba. Wato, zabin spraying bai dace ba, wajibi ne don tsaftace iska, ba shuka ba, tun da yake yana buƙatar barga mai zafi na kimanin 60-80%. Sabili da haka, kusa da tukunya, sanya wasu kwantena da ruwa, yin tsaftace tsafta a cikin dakin.

Tashi

Zuwa karshen Fabrairu, tubing na syringium yana farkawa. Wannan shine lokaci mafi kyau don dasa shuki ko tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kuma wannan shi ne mafi yawan lokuta na laser tallace-tallace a cikin dukkan dandamali.

Aikin tukunya don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ana dauka ba haka ba ne kamar yadda yake da faɗi. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙwarewar tushen tsarin da ke kan dukan sassan tuber kuma yana girma a fadin. Magana yana da muhimmanci wajen shirya ƙasa don shuka. Idan kuna shirya kasar gona kuyi amfani da ku, to, ku tsaya a kan wadannan siffofin:

• sod sodiya - 2 sassa;
• Peat - 2 sassa;
• yashi - 1 part.

Ko 2 zaɓi:

• a cakuda turf da ƙasa leaf a cikin rabo na 1: 1;
• humus, peat da yashi - duk a cikin kashi 1.

Cututtuka

Abin takaici, wannan kyakkyawa mai kyau yana iya haifar da cutar. Ba za su iya nuna bambanci kawai ba kuma suna haifar da lalatawar shuka, amma kuma zai haifar da asarar daji. Babban matsalolin na yanayi ne, kuma ba duka ba ne. Saboda haka, bayan gano matsala, yana da gaggawa don "tantancewa" kuma fara gwagwarmaya.

Irin ire-iren cututtukan fungal wanda synningia yana da sauki:

1. Late Blight - Dark spots a kan ganye da kuma tushe, da ganye wither, bushe ko rot. Kusan babu magani. Pathogens zaune a cikin ƙasa har zuwa shekaru 8. Jiyya: magani tare da "Fitosporin", amma rigakafin ya fi tasiri.
2. Mealy dew - farin powdery shafi a duk sassa na shuka. Dalili - rashin kulawa mara kyau. Jiyya: jiyya na tsire-tsire da ke kewaye da furanni tare da furotin. Idan yanayin ya kara ƙaruwa ko aiki, zai buƙaci halakar gonar furen.
3. Downy mildew - a kan ƙananan ɓangaren takardun, siffofin fure-fure sun bayyana, wanda canzawa ya canza launi. Dalilin - cin zarafin dabarun ban ruwa da kuma yanayin tsare. Jiyya: cire kayan shafa. Wani magani tare da kwayoyi - Previkur, Topaz, Fundazol ko wasu masu fuka-fizen da ake bukata don ƙetare dacewar naman gwari zuwa shiri.
4. Anthracnose - ƙananan launin ruwan kasa da ke shafi duk sassan shuka, farawa da zanen gado. Dalilin shi ne ambaliya ta ruwa. Idan halin da ake ciki ya karu da sauri, ya fi kyau ya halakar da shuka. Jiyya: kwantar da hankali a cikin jiki, daga sau 3, tsawon lokaci na 2-3 makonni. Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a gudanar da wani abu mai tsabta tare da jan karfe oxychloride, cuproxate ko oxyhom.
5. Ascohitosis - tabarau mai launin ruwan kasa tare da gefuna masu launin ruwan kasa. Dalilin shine overmoistening na iska. Ana cire cire fuska da aka ƙone da sauri. Jiyya: shayarwa tare da cakuda Bordeaux, jan karfe sulphate, fungicides ("Vectra" ko "Abig-peak").
6. Septoria - Stains m a kan leaf farantin da kuma tushe. Dalilin - cin zarafin kula da fasaha (rashin haske da zafi mai zafi). Jiyya: canza yanayi na sakawa na shoot, magani tare da kwayoyi (fungicide ko masu dauke da jan ƙarfe).
7. Phyllosticosis - Wutsiyoyi masu duhu tare da launin ruwan kasa, karya fasalin launi. Dalilin shi ne babban zafi. Jiyya: bushe shuka, tsari tare da jan karfe oxychloride, jan karfe sulphate ko bordeaux cakuda.
8. Fusarium - ƙẽƙasassu, curling ganye na launin ruwan kasa launi. Tsutsa harbe da kuma raunuka. Dalilin da ya sa aka gurɓata ƙasa, rashin abinci mara kyau, cin zarafin fasaha na ban ruwa. Jiyya: maye gurbin ƙasa, wanke tuber a cikin wani maganin manganese wanda ba a mayar da shi ba, bi da wani fungicide.
9. Gishiri mai laushi - Tsire-tsire ya zama mai laushi da rots daga tushe a gindin tuber. A kan launi na launin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan ruwa da launin toka, yana ja baki. Dalilin dashi yana da ƙasa mai yawa da ƙasa. Jiyya: idan kwayoyi masu shayarwa ("Fundazol" ko "Rowral") basu ajiye yanayin ba, mafi mahimmanci, cutar zai haifar da mutuwar furen.

Akwai wasu nau'o'in cututtuka guda biyu da ba'a warware matsalar a gida ba. Wannan shi ne:

• virose
• da kuma bacterioses.

Na farko ana daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar fungal spores ta hanyar kwari. An tsara ta ta hanyar spots a duk sassa na shuka, ta hanyar ratsi, spots, dashes, dots. Ba za a iya magance shi ba, kawai kawai ka buƙaci ka cire kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar da za ta yiwu ba tare da barin ƙwayar cuta mai yawa na dukan gonar fure ba. Tsarin kawai shine: haifuwa daga asalin lafiya 100%. A cikin akwati na biyu, kwayoyin sun shiga cikin gandun daji ta wurin kayan da ba a ba da izini ba, tukwane ko gurɓata ƙasa. Halin siffofin: growths, spots of mucous membrane na yanayi a duk sassa na shuka. Ba shi yiwuwa a bi da shi, kuma kawar da kawai sashi cutar shine ma'auni na wucin gadi. Cire dukan shuka. Matsakaicin da za a iya yi a wannan yanayin don rigakafin rigakafi ana ci gaba dasu tare da kwayoyi: "Zircon" ko "Appin".

Sinningia wani tsire-tsire mai girma, mafi yawancin cikin gida, yana jin daɗin zuciyarka a farkon gani. Yana da kyau sosai a kulawa, abin da ya fi wuya shi ne ya ceci tuber lokacin da furen yake hutawa. Yana ninka sauƙin sauƙi, yana da kyau mai kyau na bidiyo na bluebells, don haka duk farashin aiki zai biya tare da jin dadi.