Wataƙila ba ka taɓa jin irin wannan furcin a matsayin iyali na warren ba. Kodayake a gaskiya kuna sane da wakilansa. Kuma yawancinsu suna cinyewa a matsayin abinci. Misali, shi ne tumatir da dankali. Amma, ban da albarkatu na kayan lambu, a cikin wannan iyali akwai magani da ornamental. Za ku koyi game da su da kuma noma a cikin wannan labarin.
Bayani
Solanaceous - Wannan shi ne iyali na tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire. Daga cikinsu akwai dankali, eggplant, tumatir, barkono barkono, taba, steaming da sauransu. Gaskiya ne, a cikin wannan iyali akwai 'yan'uwa masu guba - alal misali, dope da henbane.
An gabatar da iyalin nightshade a cikin irin ciyawa, a tsaye ko tsire-tsire, har ma wasu kananan bishiyoyi. A yau, akwai kimanin nau'i nau'i 2,700 na nightshade. Kuna iya sadu da su kusan a ko'ina cikin duniya.
Za ku so ku san abin da ke tattare da noma da kuma kyawawan kaddarorin blackshade.
Kayan lambu
Da farko, bari muyi magana game da dadi solanaceae, wato, waɗanda muke ci.
- Tumatir ne cikakke da glucose da fructose, sunadarai, kwayoyin acid, fiber, pectins, ma'adanai. Yana da amfani ga waɗanda ke fama da gastritis, anemia, cututtuka na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Ana amfani dashi a dafa abinci kuma a matsayin abincin abincin abincin. Za a iya cin ganyayyaki mai kyau, dafa daga gare shi da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, naman alade, dafa abinci, gwangwani. Shuka kayan lambu a bude da kuma a ƙasa. Suna son ƙarancin haske da zafi, kada ka yarda da iska mara kyau, amma suna buƙatar samun ruwa mai yawa, kazalika da kariya daga iska. A ganiya acidity na kasar gona don tumatir ne 6-7 PH. Zai fi kyau a gare su su "zama" a cikin ƙasa mai haske.
Shin kuna sani? 'Yan mulkin mallaka na Amurka sun yi zaton tumatir yana da guba. Colonel Robert Gibbon Johnson ya yi kokarin tabbatar da akasin haka a 1820, yana kwance guga tumatir a kan matakan kotu a Salem, New Jersey. Tun daga wannan lokacin, tumatir sun fara samun karɓuwa a hanzari.
- Eggplant - suna da ma'adanai daban-daban, bitamin, pectins, da salts salts, waɗanda suke wajibi ne don dacewa da ƙwayar zuciya. Ciyar da tsire-tsire yana da sakamako mai tasiri a kan sashin biliary, narkewa, tasoshin jini, yana taimakawa wajen ƙara hawan hemoglobin, da sakin ƙwayar cholesterol. Kayan lambu za a iya soyayye, Boiled, Gwangwani, dried, amfani da miya, gravy ko caviar. Shuka shi, a matsayin mai mulkin, ta hanyar seedling hanya. Bishiyoyi masu tsire-tsire suna fara girma a zafin jiki na akalla +15 ° C. Ciyar da shuka kayan lambu yana da wuya, saboda haka ku kula da shi kuma ku yi hankali. Za su shiga wuri mai laushi, haske, ƙasa mai kyau. Eggplant yana son bude alamar rana.
- Pepper - akwai mai yawa bitamin C a ciki.A Bugu da kari, shi ne cikakken tare da bitamin P, A da kuma rukunin B, Zinc, phosphorus, baƙin ƙarfe, aidin, da kuma capsaicin, wani alkaloid da amfani ga narkewa. Wannan kayan lambu muna so mu ci raw, yana amfani da shi a wasu salads. Ko da yake tare da shi yana da dadi mai dadi, gishiri, kiwo, zaka iya adana shi. Ana kuma amfani da barkono mai zafi a magani: magunguna da ke da mahimmanci don yin nisa, da kuma barkono plasters ana amfani dashi ga radiculitis, sprains, bruises, da neuralgia. Hakanan, kamar lambun tsire-tsire, ana girma ne ta hanyar seedling, kuma an shuka a rana, an kare shi daga iska. An shirya ƙasar don amfanin kayan lambu a cikin fall - tsabtace, ƙone da takin.
- Dankali - yana da mai yawa bitamin C, hadadden carbohydrates, fiber. Tubers dauke da har zuwa 25% sitaci. Wannan yana daga cikin manyan tushen potassium a gare mu. Bugu da ƙari, dafa abinci (kuma a can an yi amfani da shi sosai - Boiled, soyayyen, stewed, sanya a cikin soups da kuma juya zuwa kwakwalwan kwamfuta), dankali ake amfani da su yin barasa, kuma a matsayin babban raw kayan. Ƙasa ƙarƙashin dankali ya zama sako-sako. Ana amfani da kayan lambu a cikin marigayi Afrilu ko farkon Mayu a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Don dasa, yawanci zaba babban kyau tubers. An dasa su a cikin ramuka da aka haƙa a gaba kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa.
Daga albarkatun kayan lambu ga iyalin Solanaceae sun haɗa da: tumatir da tumatir, "Mazarin", "Rocket", da barkono barkono
- Melon pear (zaki mai dadi) - ya ƙunshi carotene, baƙin ƙarfe, bitamin na rukuni B. Za ku iya cin shi raw, gwangwani, dafafa jam. Propagate wannan kayan lambu tsaba ko cuttings. Ya mahaifarsa ita ce Afrika ta Kudu. Yana da akwai cewa kayan lambu "suna rayuwa" mafi kyau. Za a iya adana shuka kawai a gida a kan windowsill ko a cikin wani greenhouse.
- Physalis - yafi rarraba a Amurka ta Kudu da Tsakiya. Mun haɗu tare da tumatir, amma ba a karɓa ba sosai. Kayan jikin Physalis ana tsinke su ne, a cikin gwangwani. Gaskiya ne, physalis mazaunan mu na zamani suna girma a matsayin kayan ado, kuma ana iya samo 'ya'yan itatuwa masu' ya'yan itatuwa a kan makirci sosai. Shuka shi a ƙarƙashin rana a cikin ƙasa mai kyau. Dole ne a ɗaure nau'in jinsin. Domin "lanterns" suyi zafi kafin sanyi, a ƙarshen lokacin rani ya wajaba don ƙwanƙwasa (cire) a saman harbe. Da zarar a cikin shekaru 7, daji ya rabu kuma ya zauna don kada ya rage.
- Cocoon - wannan shukar mai shukar daga Kudancin Amirka. Muna girma a cikin gidaje ko greenhouses, kuma hakan yana da wuya. Cocoon a yau ya kasance a cikin yankinmu. Amma idan har yanzu kuna so su haifar da shi, to, ya kamata ku nemi tsaba a cikin shaguna na musamman. An umurce shi yayi girma kamar yadda eggplant seedlings yake.
Cibiyoyin magani da kuma guba
Daga nan zamuyi magana game da wakilan wannan iyali, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin mutane kuma sun yarda da magani. Gaskiya ne, duk da haka, suna da kyawawan kaddarorin.
- Yana da m-mai dadi (wolfberry) - Tushen, ganye da kuma mai tushe ne cikakken tare da steroids, alkaloids, triterpenoids. An yi amfani dashi a matsayin mai tsinkaye, anti-inflammatory, diuretic da choleretic wakili, kazalika da matsalolin fata. Daga matasa mai tushe da leaflets sa infusions (ta hanyar, decoctions daga gare su zai hallaka caterpillars da larvae). The nightshade likes acidic ƙasa tare da high zafi. Yana da kyau ko da a cikin inuwar, ba yana bukatar hasken lantarki mai yawa, da kuma tsari don hunturu ko wasu yanayi na musamman. A shuka propagates by iri da layering. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a ƙasa a ƙasa.
- Belladonna (Belladonna) - yana nan a cikin abun da ke cikin Allunan, tinctures, suppositories, saukad da. Yana da analgesic da kuma antispasmodic Properties. An bayar da shawarar ga ulcers, cholecystitis, cututtukan Parkinson, mashayanci. An dasa shi a wurare marasa kwance tare da tsananin zafi. Dole ne ƙasa ta kasance mai kyau, mai haske ko matsakaici, don iska da ruwa su shiga ba tare da matsaloli ba.
Shin kuna sani? An ba wannan shuka wannan sunan ba sauki. Bayan haka, daga Italiyanci "Belladonna" da aka fassara a matsayin "kyakkyawar mace", wato, tsofaffin 'yan Italiyanci sun taɓa samun ruwan' ya'yan itace a cikin idanu don ba su haske da furci. Belladonna berries rubbed cheeks ga halitta blush. Wani suna don shuka shi ne mahaukaciya. Don haka sai aka kira shi don atropine, wanda shine ɓangare na belladonna. Ya jagoranci wani mutum cikin matsanancin tashin hankali.
- Black helen - yana da yiwuwar alkaloids (scopolamine, atropine, hyoscyamine). Ana bada man fetur ga rheumatism, gout, bruises, har ma a matsayin mai cutarwa. A cikin ƙananan magungunan, ana amfani da magungunan henbane a matsayin mai magani. A hanyar, henbane alkaloids suna cikin allunan Aeron - daga cututtukan teku da na iska. An girma a kan ƙasa mai m, friable, tsaka tsaki. Kafin dasa shuki, an shuka tsaba.
- Datura talakawa - daga cikin ganyayyaki ya fitar da alkaloid hyoscine, wani tasiri mai amfani akan tsarin mai juyayi. An kuma kara su zuwa magungunan maganin tari da kuma asma, don haka suna da sakamako na antispasmodic. Datura yana girma ne a yanki, albarkatu mai arziki, da aka yi tare da toka. Tsire-tsire ba komai ba ne.
- Carnioli na duniya - Tushensa da rhizomes sun taimaka tare da cututtuka na idanu, livers, da ulcers. A hanyar, a baya a cikin maganin jama'a, ana amfani da shuka don rabies (ciki). Scopolia fi son inuwa, wani yanki a bakin tekun zai zama wuri mai kyau a gare shi. Ƙasa don ita ya zama sako-sako da rigar. Watering wajibi ne a kai a kai (musamman ma a lokacin zafi), amma a cikin daidaituwa. Ba a buƙatar amfani da kayan shafa ba, kazalika da tsari don hunturu.
Gano abin da kayan amfani masu kayan lambu suke da: cucumbers, albasa (albasa, ja, shallots, chives, batun), zucchini, kabewa, Peas, kabeji (fari, ja, Savoyard, launi, Peking, Brussels, broccoli, kohlrabi, kale, pak -choy), beets.
- Mandragora - amfani da maganin gargajiya: ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai tushe daga tushe yana da kyau ga rheumatism da gout, tushen busassun - sauyawar jin zafi don rashin ciwo da haɗin gwiwa, ciwo mai narkewa, kuma tushen asalinsa da kuma gauraye da zuma da madara suna amfani da ciwon sukari da harshe. Mandrago sau da yawa ana tashe shi a gida (saboda wannan, ya fi kyau a dauki kaka mandragora). Ta sanya a cikin tukunya mai tsayi, da aka shimfiɗa ta a kan ƙasa na malalewa. Ƙasa ya zama sako-sako. A lokacin rani an shayar da tsire-tsire, amma da wuya a cikin fall da hunturu. A lokacin dumi, za'a iya gudanar da mandragora a cikin akwati a titi, kuma a cikin hunturu akwai buƙatar dumi kawai.
- Taba - a cikin abun da ya ƙunshi ya ƙunshi nicotine, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin sigari kuma yana da nishaɗi sosai. Ana amfani da tinyar ganye na taba don cututtuka na fata kuma har ma da ilimin ilimin halitta, ana amfani da ruwan 'ya'yan itace don yaki da ciwo mai tsanani da malaria. Akwai abubuwa masu cutar antibacterial a cikin ganyayyaki, sabili da haka, ana amfani da ƙurar taba don amfani da cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke kai hari kan tsire-tsire, da kuma yanke taba ya fita yaƙar asu. An shuka taba ne bayan baƙar fata ko tururuwan amfanin gona bayan girma bayan tururuwa a cikin ƙasa. Ba za a iya dasa shi ba bayan beets da sauran solanaceous.
Yana da muhimmanci! Waɗannan tsire-tsire masu guba. Dole ne a yi amfani dasu da kyau kuma kawai a cikin ƙananan allurai. Idan ka yi amfani dasu kuma bayan haka ka ji rashin lafiya, tuntubi likita nan da nan!
Tsire-tsire iri-iri
Solanaceae girma da kuma kamar kyau kayan ado.
- Petunia na Hybrid - an yi amfani dashi don gyara shimfidar wuri, ciki har da tsaye. Yana da tsire-tsire mai dumi-zafi har ma da fari mai zafi, ƙaunar ƙauna. Ƙasa yana bukatar m don shi. Don girma petunias, alal misali, a kan baranda, dauki nauyin gishiri mai laushi mai laushi, peat, turf da katako (1: 1: 2: 2). Kare petunia daga iska da ruwan sama kamar yadda yake da tausayi sosai.
- Kwancen Calibraho ana dauke shi daya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu kyau (tare da fadowa) daga shuke-shuke a cikin wannan iyali. Suna yin ado da baranda da kuma shimfiɗa. Zai yiwu a dasa wadannan furanni masu kyau tare da taimakon tsaba da taimakon taimakon seedlings. Suna buƙatar wuri mai daɗaɗɗen wuri da kuma watering. Tare da isasshen isasshen ruwa, calicrachoa na iya "hasken rana" hasken rana ba tare da matsaloli ba.
- Birnin Brugmansya yana yalwace a kudancin Amirka, amma ana girma ne a duniya - a cikin greenhouses, gidaje, da kuma ƙasa mai bude. A Latin America, Brugmancia ke kula da ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, abscesses, fuka, rheumatism, arthrosis, cututtukan ido. Kuma ko da kafin Columbus, ana amfani da kayan mallakar hallucinogenic don bukukuwan addini. Ana dasa shuka daga tsaba: daga Janairu zuwa Maris a cikin ƙasa mai haske rabin rabin santimita zurfi. Bayan shuka, a kamata a shayar da ƙasa, an rufe shi da polyethylene ko gilashi kuma a kiyaye su a zafin jiki na + 20 ... +25 ºC da haske mai haske. Da zarar harbe ya bayyana, an cire tsari. An dasa shuki da ruwan dumi daga sprayer sau 2-3 a rana. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka ba ganye na biyar, an dasa su a cikin tukwane ko kofuna.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ganye, kamar wadansu albarkatu masu guba, kuma magunan!
- Smoking mai taushi shi ne thermophilic da mai haske, ƙaunar sanyi da kuma fi son da-hadu, m loamy ƙasa. Mafi m shine farin taba. Ana buɗe buds a faɗuwar rana da kuma mummunar yanayi. A yau, wadanda suka hada da kayan ƙanshin taba sun fara samuwa a kan sayarwa - ana iya bunkasa su a kan windows ko baranda ba tare da wata matsala ba, sun yi tsawo har tsawon lokaci. Ana bada shawara don shuka seedlings riga sun farfasa cikin ƙasa: sayen tsaba, a ƙarshen Fabrairu, dasa su a cikin ɗaki, kwandon da ba tare da gilashi ba ko rufe shi da wani fim na gaskiya.
- Ƙaunar kirki - ana amfani dashi ba kawai a matsayin magani ba, har ma a matsayin kayan ado. Yana son danshi, don haka ana amfani da shi a cikin tsarin shimfidar wuri don tankunan shimfidar wuri.
- Mock barkan ƙarya (Cuban ceri) - tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Daga rani zuwa kaka, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launin ja mai haske sun bayyana a kai. Shuka shi ne mafi kyau a farkon spring. A shuka zai dace da kasuwanci ƙasa, wanda aka yi amfani da seedlings tumatir. Bayan bayyanar ganye guda biyu, tsire-tsire suna nutsewa a cikin kwantena masu yawa, kuma daga baya bayan wata daya daga baya sun sake maimaitawa - riga a cikin tukwane. A lokaci guda ana bada shawarar su tsunkule. Kwanan Cuban ba zai yarda da bushewa ba, kar ka manta da ciyar da shi sau biyu a wata.
- Jasmin-dimbin yawaccen kwakwalwa - Har ila yau, ana amfani dashi don aikin lambu. Ya yi fure daga tsakiyar tsakiyar bazara zuwa tsakiyar kaka tare da furanni masu furanni waɗanda aka tattara a cikin gungu. Don bukatar goyon bayan da yake buƙatarwa, hasken haske, mai yawa watering da kuma sau da yawa sprinkling. Kada ka manta game da yanayin da ake buƙata a hunturu - ba kasa da + 14 ... +16 ºC.
Amma ga tsire-tsire, har ma iyalin Solanaceae sun hada da: salpiglossis, Brugmancia, Petunia grandiflora
Kamar yadda kake gani, iyalin nightshade ya bambanta. A nan duk amfanin gona da kayan lambu, da amfanin gona na magani (babban abu shine tunawa cewa sun fi yawa guba), da kuma kayan ado. Gaba ɗaya, waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su da kyau, amma har yanzu kafin dasa shuki yana da daraja tambayar idan suna buƙatar kowane yanayi na musamman. Idan ka bi shawara na masu aikin lambu ko masu lambu, to, dole ne ku yi nasara.
