Za'a iya samar da ƙwayar ƙasa a hanyoyi biyu: wucin gadi (aikace-aikace na waje na miya) da kuma ta halitta - ta hanyar shuka kore taki. A cikin wannan labarin za mu dubi mai radish manse daga ra'ayi na sideratnogo amfani: mene ne kaddarorinsa masu amfani, yadda za a shuka da kuma dasa wannan shuka.
Bayanan Botanical
Sunan Latin na shuka -Raphanus oliefera, na iyalin kabeji ne. Rahotanni ya zo mana daga Asiya, tun daga zamanin d ¯ a an yada shi a matsayin kayan lambu. A cikin daji ba a samo shi ba. Yanzu ta sami karbuwa a Arewacin Amirka kuma kusan dukkanin Turai.
Olivar radish - tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara. Matsayinsa mafi tsawo har zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi. Rubutun kalmomi halayen haɗari. 'Ya'yan wannan shuka ba cikakke kayan lambu ba ne, amma karamin karami da tsaba. Tsire-tsire yana girma sosai a yanayin sanyi, wanda ya tabbatar da rashin lafiyar yanayin. Bambanci tsakanin nau'o'in mai da mai haɗari ga mu yana da tushe mai mahimmanci da kuma kasancewa mai yawa mai mahimmancin mai, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka samu sunansa.
Wannan shuka ba dace da cin abinci ba - ba ya samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ganyayyaki, ba kamar sauran filin radish ko daikon (dan dangi mafi kusa ba). Hanyar manyan hanyoyin amfani da man fetur: kamar yadda ake ciyar da dabbobi, kayan lambu, shuke-shuke da kayan ado na ƙasa.
Babban magunguna masu amfani da shuka
Duk da cewa gasish mai ba kyauta ce ga mutane ba, sabili da haka, ba zai iya kawo amfanin ba, duk da haka, yana da amfani mai yawa.
Shin kuna sani? A tsohuwar Girka, radish (kallon "classic" ne kawai) ya kasance mai girma - an yi aiki a kan farantin zinariya, kuma an biya shi da zinariya tsantsa, daidai da nauyi ga amfanin gona mai tushe kanta.
Kamar siderata
Wannan inji ba shi da ƙari a matsayin ƙwayar kore mai laushi ga ƙasa. Gishiri yana bunkasa ƙasa sosai - godiya ga tushen sa, yana ba da damar samar da abinci mai gina jiki zuwa gagarumin zurfi tare da tushen sa. Yana kare ƙasa daga yashwa (musamman lokacin watanni na ruwan sama), yana riƙe da danshi a cikin babba, kuma yana hana yin bushewa. Bugu da ƙari, radish rinjayar da abun da ke ciki na ƙasa, tsarinsa - yana ƙirar ƙasa, yana samar da lalatawa ko da ma zurfin zurfi - wannan yana taimakawa wajen samun iska mai kyau da kuma shiga cikin laima.
Idan ciyawar ba ta ba da shi ba don lokacin hunturu, zai yi girma kuma ya zama mai girma taki, yana mai da launi na ƙasa. Tsayawa daga asalinsu a cikin ƙasa yana saturates ƙasa tare da ma'adanai da amfani abubuwa masu alama irin su nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus da sauransu.
Radish ma yana kare ƙasa da tsire-tsire daga hadarin bunkasa naman gwari. Bugu da ƙari, saboda darkening na ƙasa, radish ba ya ba damar damar girma weeds (misali, kwanciya da ciyawa ragweed). Abubuwa masu mahimmanci a cikin abun da ke ciki na shuka sunyi farfado da irin waɗannan kwayoyin cutar kamar shinge, aphid, nematode, caterpillar da sauransu.
Kamar tsire-tsire na zuma
Irin wannan shuka ana shuka sau da yawa ba kawai don wadatawa da kula da ƙasa ba, amma a matsayin tushen jin dadin zuma na zuma don ƙudan zuma. Tsarin radish na dogon lokaci - har zuwa kwanaki 40, kuma yana iya samar da nectar ko da a cikin yanayi mai sanyi ko kuma in babu hasken rana.
Ya yi fure lokacin da yawancin tsire-tsire sun riga sun haɗu da 'ya'yan itace - don haka samar da abinci ga ƙudan zuma har ma a lokacin flowering na sauran tsire-tsire. Honey, kafa daga pollen na wannan manseed ciyawa, yana da matukar dadi m ƙanshi, da kuma abun ciki na mai muhimmanci mai amfani da shi ya zama abin warkarwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Gishiri radish crystallizes sosai da sauri, saboda babban abun ciki na fructose, don haka baza a bar shi a cikin hives don hunturu - wannan zai haifar da samuwar kwasfa a kan saƙar zuma.
Kamar abinci mai albarka
Hanyoyin radish dangane da masana'antun dabbobi shi ne m maturation, m harbe da kuma sinadirai darajar. Saboda haka, daga hectare daya zai iya tarawa har zuwa kilo 400, kuma idan an ƙara ƙarin ciyarwa, alamun zasu iya karuwa zuwa 700 kg. Bugu da ƙari kuma, daga lokacin dasa shuki da shuka zuwa mowing yana daukan kawai 40-50 days, wanda ba ka damar gudanar da da yawa sauƙi a kowace shekara - har zuwa 4 mowing.
Har ila yau, a matsayin wata al'ada ta al'adu sukan yi amfani da su: shayar da gwoza, sorghum, pulses, triticale, amaranth
Dabba yana son wannan ganye da sabo da bushe. - Radish samar da kyakkyawan gari, silage da haylage. Sau da yawa, radish an gauraye shi da wake, hatsi, masara - wannan abinci mai gina jiki yana kara yawan ƙwayar shanu, kuma yana shafar dandano madara. A cikin dabbobi da suke cin abinci a irin wannan koto, akwai cigaba a cikin gashin gashi, akwai karuwa a cikin taro, kuma yiwuwar cututtukan da cututtuka ta hanyar kwari ta rage.
Tun da wannan injin zai iya girma har zuwa hawaye, wannan yana sa ya yiwu ya yi tafiya dabba, kuma ya ba shi izini don ya ci gaba da ciyawa har ma a ƙarshen kaka.
Kamar yadda sideratov kuma amfani da irin shuke-shuke kamar: hatsin rai, phacelia, alfalfa, lupine, mustard, mai dadi clover, hatsi, rapeseed
Aikace-aikacen
Akwai amfani da yawa na radish man, yana da bukatar ba kawai a cikin agronomy da noma ba.
A dafa abinci
Yana nuna cewa, magana mai mahimmanci, samfurin inedible, zaka iya shirya dadi sosai da kayan nishaɗi. Ana amfani da taro mai duhu a matsayin tushen salatin. - dole ne a fara sa a cikin ruwan sanyi don kimanin awa daya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayoyin kore na shuka suna kara da miyan kabeji - saboda babban abun ciki na ascorbic acid a cikin abun da ke ciki, radish yana shatad da jita-jita tare da kayan aiki masu amfani, kuma yana ƙara haɓakar haɓaka.
A cikin masana'antun abinci
Babban darajar sinadaran wannan shuka - abun ciki na mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci, wanda zai sa ya yiwu a samar da man fetur mai yawa daga ciki. Duk da haka, wannan tsari yana aiki sosai, sabili da haka samar da man fetur mai yawa a kananan ƙananan. Ana kuma fitar da protein daga radish (shine kimanin kashi 30 cikin nau'in abun da ke cikin sinadarai na shuka), wanda aka yi amfani da ita don cin abinci mai cin abinci.
Shin kuna sani? Mafi mashahuri mai mahimmanci man ne lavender, Mint, lemun tsami da orange, da kuma man fetur - beeswax.
A cikin ilimin kimiyya
Mako mai muhimmanci, kuma ana amfani da jinsin da aka yi amfani dashi a matsayin tushen wasu shirye-shirye na likita (yafi bitamin). Akwai ganye da kuma teas tare da ganyayyaki na man fetur na man fetur - abubuwan shan da aka sanya daga wannan ganye suna da mummunan sakamako, suna taimakawa danniya da ma ciwon kai.
A cikin cosmetology
Ana amfani da emulsions radish mahimmanci a cikin man fetur - idan aka yi amfani da fata, wannan kayan aiki yana taimakawa wajen shakatawa da kuma tsabtace fata, kuma yana da ƙananan sakamako. Abu mai mahimmanci mai yawancin man yana kunshe a cikin kwandisai da gashin gashi - bayan sunyi amfani da irin wannan magani, ƙanshin zuma mai haske ya kasance akan gashi, gashin kansa kuma ya zama mai haske.
Cumin, sage, beeswax, zizifus, okra, lagenaria, bergamot, cactus, chamomile, hops, rosemary suna amfani da su don karfafa gashi.
A cikin samarwa
Don dalilai na masana'antu, ana amfani da wannan shuka don samar da man fetur din diesel don haɗawa da sauran na'urorin fasaha. Har ila yau, an yi amfani da emulsion na radish don amfani da kayan na'ura, don haka ya kare su daga kafawar lalata.
Fasaha don noma na man fetur radish
Don tabbatar da nasarar nasarar shuka da kuma girbi mai girbi, dole ne a bi dacewa da fasaha mai kyau na shuka wannan rukuni.
Ƙara koyo game da siffofin daji na radish, Ruman Sinanci da baki, da kuma amfani da radish a magani na gargajiya.
Lokacin da shuka
Duk da gaskiyar cewa tsire-tsire ne mai sanyi, kada ku shuka shi a cikin ƙasa mai daskarewa - yana da kyau don fara saukowa a farkon watan Afrilu. Amma za a iya shuka shuka na ƙarshe har zuwa karshen Agusta ko farkon watan Satumba - ta karshe da za ta ci gaba da ciyawa za ku sami lokaci kafin ku fara sanyi. Idan kun shuka gonar a farkon watan Afrilu kuma kuyi kafin farawa na furanni, kafin kafin farkon hunturu, haka nan za ku iya aiwatar da sauƙi na 3-4 a cikin ƙasa. A gaskiya ma, yana yiwuwa a dasa radish a lokacin tsawon lokacin dumi, amma mafi kyawun abu shine yayi:
- a cikin idon ruwa - bayan dawowar ƙasa (ba a baya ba tun farkon Afrilu);
- a lokacin rani - a kowane lokaci;
- a cikin kaka - baya bayan farkon Satumba. A wannan yanayin, rabon tsaba da 1 square. Ina buƙatar ƙara yawan mace mai mutuwa - a cikin kwanakin baya irin wannan tsire-tsiren ya girma kuma yayi girma sosai.
To sanyi-resistant shuke-shuke sun hada da: oregano, zobo, catnip, static, tiarella, arugula, creeping zhivuchka, Turkish carnation, miscanthus
Rawan shuka
Idan burinku - don girma radish a matsayin siderata, sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a dasa kamar haka: game da 2 grams na tsaba da 1 square mita. m Don shayar da dabbobin abinci ko buƙatar da ake bukata don bukatun iyali, zaka iya shuka thicker: 4-5 grams da 1 square. m na ƙasar.
Kasar gona da taki
Ya kamata a dasa wannan amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa mai shirya. - ƙasar dole ne a fara cirewa. Ba'a ba da shawara don dasa wannan gefen a kan rana mai zafi ko kuma busassun ƙasa ba - za a iya raba tasirin seedlings. Babu buƙatar amfani da takin mai magani da kayan ado da yawa - radish na iya girma sosai a ƙasa mai talauci.
Yadda za a shuka
Zai fi kyau a sanya irin waɗannan tsaba a ƙasa ta hanyar hanyar sakawa: wannan zai tabbatar da ingantaccen shuka da shuka mai yawa (musamman idan an shuka shuka tare da manufar sassauta ƙasa). Don dalilai na masana'antu, ana shuka irin wannan shuka a layuka - yana da sauƙin tattarawa da sarrafa shi daga baya. Nisa tsakanin gadaje ya yi kimanin 15-20 cm zurfin shuka ya zama akalla 3-4 cm, don haka dole ne a fara dasa gona a farko. Idan tsaba ba su ƙarfafa zurfi a cikin ƙasa ba, iska za ta motsa su kawai ko wanke su da ruwan sama kuma ba zasu da lokaci suyi tushe a kasa.
Lokacin amfani da radish a matsayin amfanin gona an shuka shi sau da yawa tare da peas - a wannan yanayin, yawancin ya zama 1: 5 (rabo daga radish da Peas).
Don ƙarin tattara zuma, ana shuka shuka a layuka tare da nisa tsakanin 35-40 cm.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yankakken man fetur ba su dace da matsayin mai gefe don farin kabeji, daikon, wasu nau'in radish: wadannan samfurori ne wakilan iyali guda giciye.
Na farko harbe da kuma mowing
Na farko ƙananan tsire-tsire na shuke-shuke za su fito daga ƙasa don kwanaki 4-5 - musamman ma idan an dasa su a lokacin dumi (wannan lokaci zai ninka a cikin fall). Radish blooms a cikin kwanaki 40-42 bayan da farko harbe. Don ciyar da dabba da girbi na hay, yawanci ana shuka shuka kafin flowering ya faru - wannan shine kimanin kwanaki 38-40.
Idan an dasa radish a matsayin tsakaren tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, to a yanka shi kwana 20 kafin shuka amfanin gona na hunturu. Abin lura ne cewa marigayi shuka na radish ba ya dace da aiki na greening - yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsire-tsire a matsayin tsintsa don ciyar da dabbobi. Idan marigayi amfanin gona ba su yi fure ba kafin fari da dusar ƙanƙara, baza ku iya yin su ba - za su ci gaba da dusar ƙanƙara a ƙasa, su samar da wannan yanayin tare da tsari mai sanyi daga sanyi. A cikin bazara, irin wannan shuka zaiyi sauri kuma zai samar da takin mai kyau don amfanin gonar amfanin gona.
Mun kuma ba da shawara cewa kayi sanadi da kanka tare da kayan ado na halitta don tsire-tsire ka: kwasfa na banana, eggshell, nettle, barkon albasa, potassium humate, yisti, biohumus.
Gishiri mai radish yana daya daga cikin shahararren shahararren yau da kullum. Dangane da rashin amincewa da yanayin yanayi, da mahimmancinsa, ana amfani dasu a cikin masana'antar karamar hukuma - a kan tsarin gidaje, da kuma a manyan sikelin - a kan sikelin masana'antu. Ganye ba wai daya daga cikin shugabannin ba ne game da ingancin aeration da taki na ƙasa, amma kuma yana nuna kyakkyawan aiki a cikin rawar tsirrai mai shuka.
