Hemp yana daya daga cikin tsoffin shuke-shuke. Hemp na fasaha - al'adun fiber na shekara daya. Ana amfani da tsaba don amfanin gona ga mutane da dabbobi. Ana amfani da mai a cikin maganin magani, cosmetology, da masana'antu. Shuka mai tushe yana samar da fiber na masana'antun masana'antu. A lokacin yunwa, hemp ya iya zafi, samar da abinci, da kuma rage zafi.
Amma a halin yanzu, kyawawan fasahar fasaha, duk da rashin amfani da shi, ya kawo tambayoyin da yawa.
Manufacturing of cannabis
Kamfanin mai haɓaka ya fara masana'antu a shekaru dari da suka wuce. Ganin karni na 20 ba kawai wani abu ne mai girma ba a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki, amma kuma ya nuna alamar sabon cigaba a cikin wannan masana'antu. Tattalin al'adun fasahar fasaha.
A cikin karni na bakwai na karni na karshe, masu shayarwa na Cibiyar Sumy na Bast Crops sun kirkiro wasu nau'in fasahar fasaha, inda tetrahydrocannabinol bai kasance ba, ko kuwa ya kasance karamin cewa zai zama ba zai yiwu a fahimci tasirin tarin furotin ba.
Na gode wa irin wadannan ayyukan, malaman malaman, waɗanda aka haramta a mafi yawan ƙasashen Turai saboda hadarin da suka shafi al'adu, sun ji farfadowa. A cikin Jamus kadai, a cikin shekarun da suka wuce, an gina fiye da dogayen man shuke-shuki uku. A cikin Ukraine, amfanin gona na wannan al'ada ya rage sosai.
Shin kuna sani? A farkon karni na 20, dasa shuki a ƙasar Ukrainian ya kasance fiye da hectare dubu 120, a cikin shekaru takwas - kadan fiye da hecta dubu 70, a cikin nineties - 10,000 hectares, a 2011, an bayar da adadin yawan hekta 357 don yankunan da ake amfani da su don fasahar fasaha. A shekara ta 2008, an sarrafa fasahar fasaha a wasu kamfanoni uku, kuma a 2010 - kawai a daya.
Bayyanar
Kayan fasaha (wanda ba narcotic) hemp yana da al'adun gargajiya guda daya na iyalan Cannabis, wanda ke ɗauke da THC ba fiye da 0.08% ba, wanda aka nufa don ci gaba da fiber da tsaba.
A cikin dukan al'ada, ƙin yana da mahimmanci, yana da kashi 70 cikin dari na nauyin nauyin. Wannan shi ne tushen fiber. Tsayinta, zangon zai iya kaiwa daga 80 cm zuwa 4 m, dangane da nau'in amfanin gona da yanayin da aka girma. Yanke jeri na diamita daga 2 zuwa 30 mm.
Tsarin tsire-tsire ne madaidaiciya, rassan, tetrahedral a saman, a tsakiyar fuskoki shida, a zagaye a ƙasa. A cikin bayyanar, ramin hemp yana kama da flaxseed. Kwayoyin shuka suna da hadarin petioles tare da gefuna, suna da kashi 5 zuwa 7.
Ƙididdigar albarkatu na masana'antu irin su sugar gwoza da flax sun kuma rage ƙwarai.
Al'adun gargajiya sun bambanta da jima'i. Maza yana da alamomi biyar da raƙuman inuwa mai duhu-kore, panicles bambanta a friability. Florescences na mace sune siffofi masu banƙyama, suna da manyan ganye a saman.Maza wakilan al'ada suna da rassan rassan da kuma ƙananan litattafai, yayin da matan mata suna da tsintsiya mai laushi. Fibobi daga tsire-tsire na namiji suna nuna nauyin haɓaka da taushi, daga tsire-tsire-mace - ta tsawon durability da rigidity.
Ma'aikatan maza na al'adu suna girma da sauri kuma suna da muhimmanci ƙwarai, yayin da mata suna iya samar da abubuwa da yawa. Wata mace mai shuka ta yi wata guda daya da rabi fiye da namiji. Hemp 'ya'yan itace - oblong kwayoyi, ribbed ko santsi a bayyanar, sau da yawa suna da greenish-m tint.
Yana da muhimmanci! Gwargwadon Hemp yana iya ganewa ta hanyar siffar siffofin ganye, wanda ya yada daga yankan, kamar yatsunsu na hannu.
Chemical abun da ke ciki
Hemp ya hada da kimanin nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i daban-daban. Kusan 70 daga cikinsu suna cikin rukuni na cannabinoids, wanda ke da alamomin kyawawan hankali (wannan ba ya shafi dukan rukunin cannabinoids).
Gano abin da zaka iya yi daga sorghum, auduga, sha'ir.Abubuwan THC da sauran abubuwa masu kama da juna, dangane da irin al'ada, suna ɓataccen ɓata. Alal misali, mafi yawancin kamfanoni na samuwa ne a Indiya. Harkokin fasaha (nau'in) bazai mallaka THC ba, kuma, daidai da haka, duk wani sakamako na psychoactive.
Baya ga cannabinoids, al'amuran tsarin al'ada suna da abubuwa masu yawa na sauran kungiyoyi: sunadaran, steroid, carbohydrates, phenols, acid carboxylic, mahaukaran nitrogen, alkaloids, wanda ya rinjayi muhimman kwayoyin cututtuka na shuka. Sabili da haka, gano nau'o'in jinsuna iri daban-daban ta hanyar halayen kwakwalwa na hankali shine yanke shawara mai ban tsoro daga ra'ayi game da bincike na sinadaran. 
Shin kuna sani? Har zuwa farkon karni na 19 a Amurka, an yarda ta biya haraji a kan cannabis.Kayan fasaha mai tsami masu arziki a cikin sitaci, furotin, m, kayan bushewa mai tsabta, resins, bitamin da yawa. Daga tsaba na al'ada, an samo wani ƙwayar fibrin (kwayoyin halitta da ke taimakawa tsarin tafiyar da jini, da ci gaban ƙwayar nama, kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin ricket).
Har ila yau, ciyawa na wannan tsire-tsire yana da alamun kyawawan kayyadadden kwayoyin halitta, kuma kayan ado suna yin haɗari da ƙin yarda da ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta a jiki.
Abu mafi mahimmanci na haɗin fasahar fasaha shine hemp mandauke da kwayoyinidal abubuwa, acid unsaturated, glycerols, amino acid, da kuma daban-daban abubuwa alama. Wannan man fetur yana da bitamin A, B1, B2, B6, E, K, D. Bugu da ƙari, gwaje-gwajen zamani sun nuna cewa abu yana dauke da carotene, chlorophyll da tannins, waɗanda suke da kayan mallakar antitumor.
Bincike abin da ke amfani da man fetur na cloves, parsley pears, cumin baki, fure, thuja, lavender.
Aikace-aikacen
Hemp na fasaha ne samfurin musamman wanda zai iya samar da abinci mai gina jiki da lafiya, zafi, sa tufafi, shawo kan matsalolin kiwon lafiya har ma da taimaka wajen gina gida.
A cikin masana'antar kaya
Kayan fasaha yana amfani da shi a cikin masana'antu na masana'antu. Lokacin sarrafa wannan samfurin ya samar da tufafi mai laushi, takalma da takalma (wanda ke da magani da prophylactic Properties).
Yankin mafi dacewa na al'ada don masana'antu mai haske (masana'antar fiber) shine tushe, wanda ke wakiltar kimanin kashi 65 cikin dari na nauyin nauyin shuka. Tsawon fiber da aka samar kai tsaye ya dogara da nau'in amfanin gona da yanayin namo.
A matsakaici, wannan adadi zai yiwu daga mita 0.7 zuwa mita 4. Ana iya yin amfani da abubuwa masu launi daga wannan al'ada ta hanyar kasuwanci da kuma Intanet.
A cikin masana'antun abinci
Tun daga zamanin d ¯ a, kakanninmu suna daraja tsaba na cannabis a matsayin kantin kayan abinci. Irin wannan tsaba da ganye na tsire-tsire suna amfani dashi a cikin masana'antun abinci.
Gabatarwa game da abincin da ake amfani da su a al'ada ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi yawan al'amuran yau. Ana amfani dashi a abincin abinci, mai cin ganyayyaki, abinci mai gina jiki. Babban a cikin wannan shine tsaba na shuka, a cikin abun da suke ciki 48% carbohydrates kuma har zuwa 33% man fetur.
Gano abin da kayan lambu mai kyau, Sweets, barkono masu kyau, turmeric, kirfa, karas, apples, cherries, cherries, strawberries, farin currant, baki, ja, gashin tsuntsaye, hemp nettle, mustard, mai dadi clover, man fetur.Abincin jiki, wadatar da albarkatun mai, sunadarai da ƙwayoyin jiki, sunadarai suna cinyewa da kansu da kuma sauran samfurori.
Man fetur - daya daga cikin waɗannan samfurori, wanda ke da alaƙa mai mahimmanci da wasu kaddarorin masu amfani, sun samo shi ta hanyar sanyi daga nau'in al'adu. 
Yana da muhimmanci! An yi amfani da tsaba mai tsami a matsayin 'ya'yan itatuwa har zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20, kuma man wannan al'ada ya kasance daya daga cikin abincin da yafi cin abinci.
A cikin magani da kuma cosmetology
Yau, ana amfani da tsinkayen fasaha na cannabis don amfani da samfurori masu amfani da kayan aiki, da kuma a wasu matakai na yin amfani da magunguna.
Hemp mai kyau yana da kayan kirki mai kyau, don haka ana bada shawara don hadawa cikin cin abinci na mutum don kowane matsaloli tare da ciwon daji, wahalar numfashi, narkewa ko tsarin kwakwalwa.
Kamfanoni masu amfani da ƙwayoyi suna amfani da samfurori na aiki na tsaba, ganye da kuma kayan aikin mai amfanin gona don ƙirƙirar maganin rigakafin kwayoyi, shirye-shiryen don samarda jini da kuma samfur na nama, da abubuwa don magance rickets.
Tare da rickets, marin fari, walnuts, turnips, burdock ganye, Manchurian nut, tricolor violet zai taimaka.
A cikin samarwa
A cikin masana'antun masana'antu, ana ganin hemp a matsayin kyakkyawan kayan shafa don katako mai kwakwalwa da kuma mai ɗaukar hoto. 
Har ila yau, manoma suna amfani da gurasar gurasar daga nau'in amfanin gona, ciki har da babban adadin abubuwan da aka gano don dabbobi, a matsayin tushen abinci ga dabbobi.
A rayuwar yau da kullum
Harkokin fasaha yana da matukar maganin maganin maganin antiseptic, wanda ya haifar da bincike don hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da samfurori na aikin sarrafawa a cikin kasuwancin kasuwanci. Kowane sashi na al'ada ya dace da samar da ƙarancin bangarori, additives don haɓaka (don ƙara yawan alamun ƙarfafa), filastik musa, da fenti da kayan zane.
Kasashen da ke cikin aikace-aikacen gina ginin fasaha shine Ingila (2009) - kaddamar da shirin don gina gidaje, ganuwar sun hada da lemun tsami, hemp cake da tsire-tsire) da kuma Jamus (wanda aka yi amfani dashi a kan shimfidawa da kuma rufe wuraren da aka gina).
Ƙarin makamashi
Kayan samfurori na ƙananan kullun da ke cikin ƙwayar fasaha, da sauran kayan aikin busassun kayan shafa, ana amfani dashi a matsayin tushen don samar da makamashi na thermal.
Koyi yadda zaka yi amfani da bambaro.
Kayan fasahar ilimin fasaha yana da ƙananan hasken zafi fiye da kwalba bituminous, amma fiye da yawancin al'adun gargajiya.Shin kuna sani? Harshen mota na farko "Hyundai Santa Fe-T" ya yi amfani da man fetur daga karan, wasu sassan wannan na'ura sun samo asali daga wannan al'ada. Henry Ford ya so ya zana hotunansa a gefen gidansa.
Pulp masana'antu
A yau, ana amfani da ɓangaren litattafan almara na zamani don yin takarda, don haka sama da kashi 40 cikin dari na takardun shekara shi ne saduwa da buƙatar takarda. Wannan hanya ba wai kawai ba ne kawai, amma kuma ya lalacewa ga ilimin kimiyya a cikin al'ada da kuma mutane musamman.
Har ma a zamanin d ¯ a, mutane sun san yadda za su yi amfani da shi don samar da takarda, aka ba da wannan takarda ne mafi cancanta, ya fi karfi, kuma yana da yawa fiye da bishiyoyin analogues. Ɗaya daga cikin hectare na al'adu yana iya samar da ton shida na cellulose, wanda yake da muhimmanci fiye da kadada daya a cikin gandun daji a kowace shekara.
Tsarin raga na gyaran fasaha ne kawai kwanaki 120, kuma ana iya girma a ko'ina.
Yawancin litattafan tarihin tarihi sun wanzu har ya zuwa yau saboda ƙarfin da zazzagewar takardun hemp: na farko takardun takarda, Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka da Sanarwa na Independence, Gutenberg Littafi Mai-Tsarki, da sauransu.
A lokuta daban-daban don samar da takarda amfani da eucalyptus, saniya dung, tsiperus, yucca.Juyin juyin juya halin masana'antu na karni na XIX da kuma ci gaba da cigaba da jari-hujja ya kara karuwa a buƙatar takarda. An samu gamsuwar wannan buƙatar a kan sikelin masana'antu, amma tun da na'urorin samar da kayan farko ba zasu iya yin amfani da filayen ƙananan kafa don yin takarda, kayan aiki mafi sauki, itace ba.
Amma a yau akwai fasaha masu tasowa don inganta tasirin silicates daga tsari na filayen hemp, wanda zai sauƙaƙe filaye kuma ya sa su fi dacewa da tuba zuwa takarda, wannan ya karfafa motsawa zuwa wani nau'in kayan abinci mai mahimmanci da kuma marashin kudi.Har ila yau, kada ka manta cewa al'ada na iya kasancewa mai dacewa mai dacewa don samar da filastan kwalliya, samfurori masu tayi (igiyoyi, igiya da sauran abubuwa), da kuma halittu masu tsabtace muhalli.
Shin kuna sani? A shekarar 1916, majalisar dokokin Amurka ta bayyana cewa, a shekara ta 1940, dukkanin masana'antun ba da launi za su yi aiki ne kawai bisa ga hemp, tun da yake masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa yawancin takarda da aka samar daga 1 hectare na wannan albarkatun gona ya kai 4 hectares na gandun daji.
Girmawa
Tun da wannan tsire-tsiren ya fi girma a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi tare da sauƙi da sauƙi, yana da daraja fara fara shuka shi a farkon bazara. Tsawon lokaci mafi tsawo shine kimanin kwanaki 120, wanda ya ba ka damar samun girbi a lokacin rani (idan aka shuka a watan Maris).
Noma na karamcin fasaha mafi kyawun haɗuwa tare da noma wasu albarkatun gona, a kowace shekara suna girmama dokoki na juyawa. 
Manoma masu kwarewa sun bayar da shawara canza tsaba don dasa shuki sau ɗaya a kowace shekaru (mafi sau ɗaya sau ɗaya a kowace shekara uku), da kuma asusun iyali don aiwatar da su ko amfani da su don amfani da masana'antu. Wannan ya kamata a yi don kula da matakin low na THC (kamar yadda doka ta buƙata).
Ya kamata a lura cewa, dangane da aikace-aikacen manufa na ƙarshen tsirrai (samun tsaba ko fibers, amfani ɗaya ko wasu), yana da muhimmanci a zabi iri-iri masu dacewa da tsaba na tsaba.
Masu sana'a na masana'antar da ke agrarian suna nuna kimanin kilogram 100 na kilogram, wanda ya kamata a rarraba a ko'ina a kan kadada daya na aikin aiki. Kudancin iri sune mafi girma, don haka idan an dasa su suna bukatar kawai 20 kg a kowace hectare.
Tsaya, wake, lupine, alfalfa, clover, sugar beets, dankali, da masara za su kasance masu kyau kafin su zama hemp.
Dole ne yanayin girma
Hemp na fasaha yana da amfani sosai don amfanin gonar kowane mai noma, kamar yadda wannan shuka ba ta buƙatar da hankali sosai kan kanta, yana matukar dacewa a kan kasa mai yawa, kuma yana dacewa da noma a cikin yanayi mai yawa.
Hemp yana kula da taki, yana da kyau ga nitrophoska, nitroammoposku, slurry, taki.Hemp yana da tsayayya ga yanayin zafi da yanayin yanayi (fari, zafi mai zafi), yana da ƙananan cututtuka da kwari. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwarƙwarar fasaha tana ɗauke da ciyayi masu yawa na yanayin da ake bukata don shuka, kuma yawancin cututtukan kwari masu cutarwa suna jin tsoron hemp.
Harkokin fasaha dangane da yawancin tsire-tsire masu amfani da ke tsiro da manoma, tsirrai ne wanda ke taimakawa amfani da abubuwa daga ƙasa wanda ba'a buƙata ko cutarwa ga sauran tsire-tsire (ƙananan ƙarfe), kuma yana wadatar da ƙasa tare da samfurori na ayyuka masu mahimmanci, waxanda suke da amfani sosai ga sauran tsire-tsire .
Sabili da haka, al'ada tana dauke da muhimmiyar dan takara a juyawa. A lokaci guda kuma, don kara yawan amfanin ƙasa na aikin noma, to lallai ya zama dole a la'akari da wasu siffofi na noma.
Yana da muhimmanci! Karkashin fasaha mafi girma yana tsiro a ƙasashen da suke amfani da su wajen shuka hatsi, dankali ko masara.
Gyara
Hemp wani tsami ne na musamman da ke da nasabaccen tattalin arziki da muhalli. Yau akwai kimanin kayayyakin 35,000 da za a iya samar ta hanyar sarrafa wannan injin.
Mafi bayyane kuma mai sauƙi, amma babu abin da ke da mahimmanci don kayan aiki shine filayen ƙwayar cuta. Ana amfani da wannan bangaren don samar da igiyoyi daban-daban, igiyoyi, ƙananan ƙananan maƙalau da kayan ado.
Harkokin fasahar fasahar fasaha sun samo asali a duk fadin duniya sabili da juriya, damuwa, da asarar dukiyoyin da suke amfani da shi a cikin ruwa mai salin da kuma cikin yanayin zafi maras kyau, wanda ya samar da samfurori daga filayen hemp wanda bai dace ba a kasuwancin maritime. 
Idan a mataki na aiki muna ƙara haɗin roba ko kowane nau'i na halitta, to, sakamakon kayan kayan da za a iya amfani dashi don amfani da motoci, jiragen sama, da rukunai. Ya kamata a lura da cewa yana yiwuwa a sami auduga mai auduga, da kuma kayan da za a yi amfani da shi don zafi da kuma tsabtace murya daga fiber fasaha.
A lokaci guda, sassan waje na mai tushe sune kayan gine-gine masu mahimmanci ga masana'antu da kuma sunadarai, samar da kayan gini, da kuma man fetur don tsire-tsire.
Kwayoyin cellulose da aka samu a cikin tsarin aikin girka wani abu ne wanda ba za a iya ba da shi ba don samar da takarda mai mahimmanci da mahimmanci, wanda baya juya launin rawaya, ya kasance m da barga. Har ila yau, ta hanyar polymerizing cellulose, yana yiwuwa a yi filastik, wanda ba ya kawo cutar ga yanayin saboda biochemical bazuwar. 
Kayan fasaha na fasaha, wanda shine kayan abinci mai mahimmanci (48% carbohydrates), kuma za'a iya sarrafawa ta hanzari. A matsakaici, kwayoyin hemp na dauke da kimanin kashi 29-35% na man fetur, wanda ba kawai yana da kyawawan kayan abincin sinadirai ba, amma kuma yana amfani da shi a cikin masana'antu da masana'antu (kayan aikin zane).
Har ila yau, bayan samun man fetur da sauran kayan abinci masu amfani daga tsaba, cake yana ci gaba da zubar da kayan sana'a, wanda yake a cikin samfurin extruded wani nau'i ne mai mahimmanci ga dabbobi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tare da taimakon nasarorin kimiyya na zamani da masana'antun sarrafawa, kusan kowane katako, da auduga, da kayan mai na man za a iya samar da su daga fasahar fasaha. Za'a iya canza kwayar wannan shuka zuwa methane, methanol, biodiesel ko biogas, wanda suke da tsada a farashin kayan mai. Har ila yau, wannan samfurin yana da lafiya kuma yana da ladabi na yanayi.
Harkokin fasaha yana da tsire-tsire lafiya a cikin hadarin narkewa akan jiki. Amfanin wannan al'ada da aikace-aikacen samfurori da ke bisa shi suna karuwa a kowace shekara. 
