Duk da fushin da kowa ya yi na fadin duniya, 'yan jari-hujja na dagewa kan amfanin da ba'a iya bawa wanda ya dace ba. Da farko, yana da muhimmanci ga megacities da kuma masana'antu. Amma banda gaskiyar cewa itacen yana aikin aikin mai fasaha mai karfi, kuma yana da kayan warkarwa, yana da kyau mai shuka zuma da kayan aikin gine-gine. Mene ne wani nau'i mai yawa na poplar, abin da ke da amfani ga girma, da kuma inda za a iya amfani da shi - karanta game da wannan duka daga baya a cikin labarin.
Sauran sunayen
A cikin magunguna, an tsara sunan shuka ta sunan hukuma. "farar fata" ko Latin analogue Pópulus álba. Amma a rayuwar yau da kullum an kira wannan poplar silvery, snow-white, farar ƙarya, wanda aka barata ta wurin canza launin haushi.
Shin kuna sani? A cewar tsohuwar tarihin Roman, an yi la'akari da poplar farin kamar itace mai tsami tun daga lokacin Hercules. Tun daga wannan lokacin, lokacin da Cacus ya ci nasara a cikin kogo wanda tsattsauran 'yan katako suka yi, Cacus, rassan poplar suna nuna alamar nasara.
Har ila yau, a amfani da ita ana amfani da shuka "Abele", wanda shine ragowar kalman Latin "albellus", ma'anar "fari." A cikin wasu wallafe-wallafe, ana samun sunayen "Poplar Bolle", "Bachofen Poplar" da kuma Latin da aka gano: White Poplar, Silverleaf Poplar, Silver Poplar.Taxonomy
Wannan tsire-tsire mai girma ita ce itacen bishiyoyi masu tsayi masu girma Poplar genus kuma Willow iyali. A cikin cikakken bayani game da takin fata na poplar, masu tsinkaye suna nuna sashi na Flowering ko Angiosperms na Malpighiyevetna.
Baya ga farar fata, willow iyali sun hada da willow da jinsuna: kuka, goat, dwarf, spherical da dukan-leaved.
Bayanin itace
Halin siffofi na inji shi ne tsararru da babban sashi na launi mai haske, ƙwararren fariya ko ƙwararraye. Waɗannan su ne alamun da aka sani da abin da aka gane da itacen. Bari muyi la'akari da bayaninsa dalla-dalla.
Barrel haushi
Tree tasowa a tsawo zuwa 16-30 m. Idan aka kwatanta da babban kambi wanda ya fara ƙasa daga ƙasa, ƙashin jikin yana da gajeren lokaci. Tsawonsa tsawonsa shine 1.5-2.5 m A gindi yana da lokacin farin ciki, kuma kusa da tsakiyar kambi ya rassan zuwa daidai da harbe.
Shin kuna sani? Bayan shekaru ɗari uku na noma na fari poplar, an dakatar da shuka a Connecticut. Dalilin wannan shi ne babban magudi na haifar da ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, a jihohi da dama, ana dauke da itace a matsayin tsire-tsire.
Young seedlings suna da haushi haushi kamar yadda kama da wani smoky plaque na ji. Ƙwararrun tsire-tsire suna bambanta ta hanyar tsararru mai tsabta daga cikin akwati na azurfa mai haske ko dan kadan launin kore. Ana iya gane itatuwan daji da zurfi da haushi mai duhu, wanda sau da yawa ya zama baki.
Bar
A cikin bazara, ƙananan, leaf-shaped, siffa-samfurin buds bayyana a kan rassan farin poplar. Kuma a kan tsohuwar rassan suna da dadi, kuma a kan yara suna rufe su da kadan. Daga gare su akwai nau'i na nau'i daban-daban. Wasu samfurori na iya zama deltoobraznye, wasu - m, kwai-siffar, multipartic. Ya haɗa dukkanin wannan ƙananan siffofin siffofi mai yawa, launi da launi. Daga sama suna duhu kore da santsi, kuma daga kasa - azurfa-ji. Kusa zuwa Nuwamba foliage ya zama mai haske rawaya, zai iya juya launin ruwan kasa a cikin damina. Amma siffar Habila ita ce faduwar ganye ta fara da kambi mai kore. A matsakaici, kowane ganye zai kai har zuwa 12 cm cikin tsawon kuma har zuwa 10 cm a fadin. An haɗe shi zuwa reshe ta hanyar gajeren cylindrical.
Shin kuna sani? Dangane da yanayin namo da abubuwa daban-daban na muhalli, poplar na iya canza jima'i daga mace zuwa namiji kuma a madadin.
Flowers
Dangane da yanayin hawan dutse, ƙwayar itace ta fara a makonni na ƙarshe na Afrilu-farkon watan Mayu. Sau da yawa wannan lokacin ya dace daidai da blooming na foliage.
Daga cikin ƙwayoyin na shuka, wadanda 'yan kunne ne har zuwa 8 cm tsawo, masu rarrabewa na bambanta tsakanin samfurori da mata. Na farko suna halin launin toka mai launin toka da launi na terracotta mai haske, da na biyu - ta launin kore-launin toka. Bayan haka allergens ne kawai itatuwa tare da furanni mata. Bayan pollination, tsaba an kafa a cikinsu, wanda ta rani gaba daya balagagge. 
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
Achenes suna da siffar ƙananan mazugi. A farkon fasalin ci gaba, ana nuna su ta hanyar launi mai haske da tsarin santsi. Har zuwa matuƙar maturation, launin su yana samun haske daga launin ruwan kasa. A ƙarshen lokacin rani, ƙwayoyin iri suna juya duhu. Sun gani a fili ga wasu nau'o'in bawul, daga abin da ƙananan hatsi tare da takaddun dogaye masu yawa a tushe sun fita. 
Tushen tushen
Alamun alamun tsarin tushen poplar azurfa ne iko kuma tsayi. Yana tasowa ne dangane da nauyin yanayin jiki-sunadarai na ƙasa. A cikin wuraren da aka rigaya, tushen fibrous suna cikin shimfidar wuri, kuma a cikin yankuna masu layi da yashi, suna zurfafawa har zuwa yiwuwar, kai ga danshi. A kasan ɓangaren ƙwayarwa sau da yawa ya bayyana matasa ƙananan. Ana iya samuwa a cikin nisa mai zurfi - 20 m daga cikin bishiya.
Wasu fasali
A gaskiya, poplar na azurfa yana da halaye na musamman. Ka yi la'akari da mafi ban sha'awa a gare su.
Matsayin tsawo tsawo
Wadannan itatuwa suna dauke da mutane da yawa su zama Kattai. Mafi yawan itatuwan ya kai mita 60. A cikin latitudes Kwafin da ke ƙasa da m 19 ba a samo su ba. Kwanin diamita na tsofaffin akwati na iya isa mita biyu a fadin, kuma kambi ya kai 35 m. 
A cikin yanayin birane, irin waɗannan nau'in farar fata na fata suna da matuƙar godiya. Hakika, bisa ga likita na kimiyyar halitta na National Botanical Garden da aka kira bayan N.N. Grishko na Kwalejin Kimiyya na Ukraine na Ukraine Peter Bulakh, tsire-tsire ya taso da sauri kuma sauƙi ya dace da canjin zafin jiki da kuma yanayi masu girma. Bugu da ƙari, saboda rassan da ke sama da haɓakar mai girma, akwai saurin sararin samaniya da kuma tsarkakewa ɗaya daga manyan kullun da iska ta ƙazantu ta hanyar mota. Masanin kimiyya ya ce poplar foliage yana iya shafan maɗarin turbaya da shine mai jagora a cikin jerin bishiyoyi bisa ga girman tsinkayen yanayi.
Shin kuna sani? Bayan poplar, chestnuts da lindens suna cikin manyan masu tsaftace muhalli uku.
Girma girma
Idan ka dubi tsalle-tsalle masu tsayi, ana ganin cewa irin wannan tsayi suna girma har abada. Kuma, shi ya juya, yawan kuɗin da aka samu na azurfa da sauran nau'o'i an rubuta ne kawai a farkon shekaru hamsin. Tsakanin bishiyoyi suna raguwa da ci gaban su, kuma a shekaru 10 zuwa 20 sun daina girma.
Da zarar a kan ƙasa mai kyau, poplar pyramidal azurfa ya kai matsakaicin matsayi a farkon shekaru 25. Daga lokacin saukowa yana tsiro a kowace shekara ta 1 m, kuma a cikin girman - 40 cm.
Yanzu zaku iya tunanin irin gudunmawar da matakan da ke faruwa a cikin masana'antu na itace. Yana da matukar tasiri kuma zai iya farkawa ko da lokacin da asalin ya rushe a lokacin guguwa.
Lifespan
Masu amfani da kullun sukan yi wasa da cewa itatuwan suna rayuwa har sai an yarda da su a kan bishiyoyi da katako. A cikin wannan baƙar fata, ba shakka, akwai wasu gaskiyar. Amma idan ba ka la'akari da yadda poplar ke fadi, ana iya ganin yawancin poplar a cikin ƙarni. Yau masana kimiyya sunce itatuwa da yawa sun tsira. fiye da shekaru 400 amma Har ila yau akwai matattun 'yan shekaru 600. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Bishiyoyin Poplar ba sa so su gasa don sararin samaniya don asalinsu, kuma sun bambanta a rarraba. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ba'a ba su shawarar zuwa ƙasa kusa da 15 m daga gine-gine. Tsarin tushen tsarin shuka zai iya rushe ƙasa da wuraren hakowa, da kuma gine-ginen gine-gine da magudi. Poplar ya zama mai hatsari a kan makircin makirci.
Yanayin girma
Masana kimiyya akai-akai suna magana game da kyawawan yanayin rayuwa na azurfa. Bari mu ga abin da ya dace da al'adun da ya dace don bunkasa yanayi.
Rarraba da mazaunin
A yau, Habila sananne ne game da poplar a dukkanin cibiyoyin ba tare da karawa ba. Ana iya ganin itace a cikin subtropical, Rumunan, matsanancin yanayi da kuma matsanancin raƙuman iska. Gidansa yana kusa da ƙasar Eurasia, ba tare da Scandinavia ba. Ana samun gandun daji a kusa da jikin ruwa, a cikin gandun dajin ruwa, floodplains, oxbows da kwaruruka. A cikin yankunan da ke cikin mataki yana da dadi don su yi girma a ƙasa mai sauƙi. Kuma a wurare masu banƙyama, waɗannan ƙattai zasu iya hawa mita mita a saman teku. 
Sau da yawa, suna haɗuwa da nau'in poplar, m, alder, tamarisk, amma za'a iya sanya shi kadai.
Kasar gona, buƙatar ruwa
M, m, hasken haske tare da mai kyau malalewa da tsaka tsaki acidity ne manufa wuri ga unpretentious ƙarya farin poplar. Amma in babu irin wannan mai kyau, injin zai iya zama mai yalwa da albarkatun ruwa mai sauƙi da ƙasa na ƙasa, da jimrewa mai yatsa, yatsun lokatai masu nauyi, har ma za su sami mahimmanci a kan lalata da lalata.
Yana da muhimmanci! Itacen yana da matukar damuwa ga pruning.Ganye yana cika da koguna da tafkuna ko ruwan sama. Bugu da ƙari, tushen tsarin bai sha wahala daga ambaliya mai tsawo ba. Amma damuwa ta fari na itace itace matsakaici.
Bukatun Lighting
Wataƙila wannan shine kadai yanayin da yake da muhimmanci ga Ƙungiya mai ƙaunar rana. Yana son mai yawa haske da ultraviolet yana buƙatar shi. Zai iya daidaita da penumbra, amma a irin wannan yanayin girma zai ragu. Kodayake, yin hukunci da girman poplar, inuwa bata barazanar shi ba.
Frost juriya
Botanists bikin sama juriya na tsire-tsire zuwa yanayin zafi mara kyau. Zai iya saukewa a -30 ° C.
Spruce, Birch, larch, Siberian cedar cedar, Aspen, Juniper, Willow, Elm da itacen oak, da kuma farin poplar, shuke-shuke resistant da itatuwan da iya magance short frosts.
Kiwo
Don samun sabon shuka shuka shine mai sauqi qwarai. A cikin yankuna na wurare masu zafi, wannan tsari yana yiwuwa ta hanya mai nauyin, kuma a cikin yankuna masu tayi zafi, ana haifar da yadda ake amfani da su na poplar azurfa. An yi shi ta hanyar grafting ko rabuwa na ci gaba. Za mu fahimci dabarar da ke cikin daki-daki.
Yana da muhimmanci! Poplar tsaba rasa amfaninsu bayan shekara daya. Mafi kyawun yanayi don ajiyarsu suna sanyi da rashin zafi.Idan kana son gwajin maganin botanical kuma suna da cikakken haƙuri da kuma tsinkaye, to, zaka iya samun damar yin shuka tsaba. Amma kawai a shirye cewa mafi kyau germination daga gare su nan da nan bayan tarin. A lokacin ne kana buƙatar girbi tukunya da kuma yin shuka.
Anyi wannan a cikin rigar gishiri. Lokacin da ake shuka tsaba a waje, gado yana da kyawawa, ba tare da jiran harbe ba, don rufe shi da wani bakin ciki na bakin ciki. Matsalar za ta riƙe daɗi kuma kare hatsi daga weathering da laaching da ruwan sama.
Lokacin da seedlings ya bayyana, samar da su da haske mai kyau. Bayan haka, a cikin inuwa za su kasance da karfi sosai, su zama na bakin ciki da m. Irin wannan yanayi zai iya halaka sprouts a farkon kwanaki bayan germination.
Masana sun ba da shawara su ba da fifiko ga hanyar shuka ta hanyar yin amfani da tukunya ko allunan. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku buƙaci raba rassan matasa a cikin kwantena ɗaya ba. Amma idan ba a yi wannan ba, barin barin poplar seedlings da za a tarwatse a gonar, duk kokarin zai zama banza. Ma'anar ba za ta yi nasara ba, saboda tushen tsarin bishiyar baya so ya gasa ga sararin samaniya, abinci, danshi da rana. 
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da aka yanke cuttings, tabbatar cewa kowannensu yana da 2-3 leafy buds.Daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su na vegetative, grafting shine mafi sauki. Don samun sabon shuka, dole ne a shirya kayan dasa shuki a watan Maris. Ana yin hakan a kullum don saukowar taro, sabili da haka, an yanke jigon rassan rassan bishiyoyi, bayan haka an ɗaure su kuma a saka su a cikin wani kwalban ruwa. A hanyar, taya yana buƙatar har zuwa rabi damar. Sa'an nan duk abin da aka tsaftace a firiji har sai dasa. A matsayinka na mulkin, yana faruwa a cikin shekaru goma na Afrilu.
Sakamakon kanta yana kunshi dasa shuki a cikin hanyar da kashi biyu cikin uku na cikinsu aka binne a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kuma an bukaci koda 1 a cikin sama. Bayan wata daya, za a sami kananan asalinsu. Don haka yana da muhimmanci a saka idanu a cikin ƙasa.
Tushen rabu - hanya mai rikitarwa da rikici. Sau da yawa, ya ƙare a gazawar, saboda lalacewar ƙwayar matashi lokacin rabuwa daga tushen uwar. 
Fannonin ado
Beautiful wadanda ba misali kore-azurfa canza launi na foliage da haske haushi farin poplar ba shi wani sabon abu ado. Itacen itace kyakkyawa a kowane lokaci na shekara. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani dasu a tsarin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi don ƙirƙirar haɗe-haɗe-haɗe, ƙaddara alleys.
Shin kuna sani? Kowane hectare na ƙirar Abele mai shekaru goma sha biyar yana samar da fiye da 200 m³ na itace.Itacen ya dace sosai a cikin gine-gine na yankunan ruwa, zai iya girma tare da wasu tsire-tsire masu bambanta da launi da kadai.
Daga cikin mafi mashahuri na ado siffofin azurfa iri-iri ne:
- globosa - itace tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsalle-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire;
- kuka (pendula) - bambanta da ƙananan akwati da rassan rassan ƙasa;
- Richard (Richardii) - yana halin launin launin ruwan launin launin launin fatar jiki mai haske;
- snow snow (var.) - kyan gani saboda dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara daga cikin ganyayyaki, wanda ya bambanta da azurfa.
Aikace-aikace da kaddarorin
Babbar manya ba wai kawai ba ne mai ban sha'awa na manyan wuraren shakatawa da yankunan bakin teku ba, har ma da kyakkyawan kayan zuma, kayan aikin warkaswa ga mutane da dabbobi, da mahimman kayan gini. Bari mu duba dalla-dalla abin da ke asirin abubuwan da suka bambanta na shuka. 
Girman sararin samaniya
A ƙarƙashin yanayin mike-ƙira na mcci mai girma krone yana godiya. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire a matsayin kariya ta wuta, ƙarfafa wuraren yankin bakin teku. Wannan yana taimakawa ga tsayin dakawar al'adu zuwa iska mai karfi. Amma, da rashin alheri, wannan ƙwarewar ya ɓata bayan shekaru goma.
Mutane sun koyi yin amfani da mummunar mummunan yanayin tushen farar fata. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa za'a iya ganinsa a kan dunes a bakin ruwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan aka yi amfani da tsire-tsire iri iri na poplar, ana bada shawara don kiyaye nisa tsakanin tsintsi na 3 m, da kuma yawan layin jadawalin, waɗannan ya kamata su kasance tsakanin layuka, bayan 5 m sun dasa sabon seedling.
Magungunan magani
Idan ka ɗauki dukkanin itatuwan poplar azurfa, da bishiyoyinta, karamar ruwa da kuma tsantsa na itace suna dauke da abincin. Bisa ga masana kimiyya, sassan layi suna da muhimmanci ta wurin cike da bitamin C, za'a iya ƙara gishiri a gari don yin burodi gurasa, kuma haushi yana taimakawa ciwo, ƙonewa, yana da nakasa, diuretic, astringent da tasirin tonic.
Ana samun salicylates a cikin sassan sassa na poplar, wanda shine abu mai amfani da mutane da yawa, ciki har da aspirin.
Pharmacology yana amfani da amfani da tsire-tsire don samar da wasu shirye-shirye na likita don rheumatism, gout, arthritis, zafi lumbar, gurguntaccen wuri na narkewa, zazzabi, anorexia, damuwa mutumstrual, raunana jiki. 
Labaran jaka da shawara da yawa girke-girke ta amfani da poplar raw kayan don lura da purulent wadanda ba waraka raunuka, abscesses, cututtuka na kogo na baka, basur da frostbite.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da wasu masu shuka don amfani da ruwan sanyi daga ganye da ƙananan rassan farar fata kamar mai girma mai bunkasa. Ana yin maganin ta hanyar yin amfani da albarkatu mai kyau a cikin ruwa na ruwa na rana daya.
Medonos
Lokacin da poplar ke cikin furanni, ƙudan zuma za su rassan rassansa daga ko'ina. Gaskiyar ita ce itacen yana ba da cin hanci da kyau na pollen. Masu lura da kudan zuma sun lura cewa poplar azurfa ne kawai karami ne kawai don ɗaukar nauyin halayensa. Pollen daga maza zuwa mata yana yada ta iska. Kuma har ma a lokacin flowering, mutane da yawa suna gunaguni, suna gunaguni game da rashin lafiyar da poplar ke haifarwa, amma ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da itacen. Wannan ƙirar da muhalli, da masu mallakar kudan zuma, da masu herbalists. 
Ana amfani da itace
Wannan abu ya bambanta softness, lightness da kruplovernostyu. Yana da sauƙin aiki tare da shi. A cikin itace yana cikin siffar rawaya mai haske. У старых экземпляров оно становится бурым и твёрдым. Заболонь по сравнению с ним менее прочная.Ya ƙunshi mai yawa danshi da ke janye fungi, kwari. A sakamakon haka, wannan ɓangaren itace yana sau da yawa.
A cikin masana'antun katako, farar fata mai tsabta an sake yin amfani da shi wajen yin takarda, ɓangaren litattafan almara, juyawa da kayan aiki, allon, plywood, bene, katako, gine-gine, kayan kayan kunshe. 
Bugu da ƙari, haushi na shuka ya samo aikace-aikace. Ana amfani dashi da yawa don samarwa rawaya dye da tanned fata.
Amma mafi girman darajar farar fata shine ikon tsarkakewa da iska da saki yawan oxygen. Wadannan halayen sun fi karfi fiye da matsalolin wucin gadi da suke haɗuwa da fluff a ko'ina. Kuma kawai mata kofe sun yada shi, kuma kawai maza suna gabatarwa cikin al'ada.
