Ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, mai kyau, ba shi da daraja. Yana bayar da damar yin amfani da aikin ta atomatik ta hanyar kammala aikin aiki da sauri. Masana kimiyya masu fasaha ba su manta da masana'antu ba. Domin inganta aikin, a yau ana samar da babbar gonar noma hanyoyin da kuma masu shuka - Wannan misali ne mai kyau. Mene ne injin injin?
Bayani da Manufar
Wani mai amfani da na'urar shi ne na'urar da ake amfani da shi don amfani da tsaba na tsire-tsire iri iri a ƙasa. A mafi yawancin lokuta, ana amfani da na'ura don yada takin gargajiya ko wasu kwayoyin halitta a kan manyan yankuna.
Yana da zamani madadin don yada hatsi ta hannun ko sieve, wanda zai iya inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa. Babban amfani da tsarin shi ne cewa an rarraba tsaba a kowane lokaci kuma nan da nan a zurfin da ake bukata. Kullin tsari ba a rinjayi ta kowace hanya ta yanayin yanayi ko iska na banal, wanda, lokacin da shuka ta hannunsa, yada kayan dasawa zuwa yankunan da ke kusa. Sabuwar tsarin kuma yana da alamar ƙaddara. Za a ƙara yin la'akari da ƙayyadaddun drills, da alamunsu da kuma tsarin aikin aiki, gaba ɗaya.
Shin kuna sani? An kirkiro katako na farko a kasar Sin a karni na II BC, amma a Turai irin wannan na'ura ba ta samo asali ba ne kawai a karni na XVI kuma an inganta shi a lokacin juyin juya halin noma na Birtaniya.
Wani muhimmin halayyar kowace na'ura mai laushi shine fadin riko. Yawancin lokaci wannan yanayin za a sani nan da nan, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin nau'in na'urar (alal misali, C3 - 3.5). Wannan yana nufin cewa seeder wani hatsi ne kuma yana da nisa mita 3.5. Saboda haka, bayan da ya ga alamar aikin, wanda zai iya fahimtar cewa ana nufin shi ne don albarkatun hatsi kuma a kowane lokaci tare da na'ura zai aiwatar da sashe na mita 3.5 a nisa. Daga wannan yana da sauki a lissafta wane yanki na shuka za a iya rufe ta tafiya sau ɗaya daga wannan gefen gonar zuwa wancan. Sabili da haka, idan kun san maimaita yanayin motsi na na'ura, yana da sauƙin ƙidaya lokacin da ake buƙata a kashe a shuka.
Zane da kuma ka'idar aiki
Don fahimtar abin da mai amfani da shi ya kasance, yana da daraja a la'akari da zane da ka'idar aiki. Wannan wata na'ura ce ta ƙunshi sassa masu zuwa:
- wani kayan da ke da nau'i mai tsami don shuka hatsi, wanda yake da alamu kuma yana ciyar da su;
- da dama kwalaye, gwangwani ko wasu kwantena tare da masu tayar da hankali (taimakawa wajen samar da gurbi mafi kyau) don adana kayan shuka;
- na'ura (alal misali, shinge) don samuwar tsagi a cikin ƙasa, inda tsaba zasu shiga cikin baya;
- inji don cika cunkoso tare da kasar gona bayan da hatsi suka tashe su da kuma shimfida ƙasa.
A cikin inji da aka tsara don iri da taki (tuk) a lokaci guda, ana samun akwatunan hatsi a gaban injin, kuma a baya. Wani mai layi na yau yana motsawa a cikin filin tare da tarakta a cikin gudun kimanin kilomita 13 / h.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin ƙasashen tsohon Soviet Union, ba wai kawai mai shayarwa ba ne mai ban sha'awa ba, amma har ma mai shuka, wanda yake da ikon shuka a kan ƙasa marar kyau (stubble).
Bayan nazarin zane, ka'idar aikin rawar jiki ta zama mai haske: inji, motsa motsi a gonar, sa grooves, shuka shuka kayan zuwa da ake bukata zurfin da distance, Ma'adinai na inganci (idan an buƙata), kuma a sakamakon haka, yana tara tsaunuka tare da ƙasa, yana sanya shi uniform. An zuba tsaba a cikin ɗigon tube saboda juyawa na shafts, kuma iyakar ɗakunan tubuna sun hadu tare da noma. Wannan hanya yana buƙatar tsawon lokaci da ƙoƙari a kan ɓangaren mutumin. Maigidan filin, a wannan yanayin, kawai yana kula da lafiyar na'urar.
Masu shuka shukar shuka masu shuka zai iya kasancewa na inji da pneumatic. Tun da farko an ambaci gaskiyar ta musamman, wadda ta mallaki wasu nau'o'in injin shuka. Wannan ba wani abu ba ne sai wata mu'ujiza ta fasaha, wanda ake kira mai tsinkaye. Irin wannan na'ura ne nau'i na nau'i na nau'i na duniya, an sanye shi da tsari na pneumatic for seeding. Amfaninsa:
- Hanya mafi kyau tsakanin kayan shuka.
- Matsayi mafi girman matsayi.
- Cire duba bayanan.
- Gudanar da girbi a nan gaba.
Dabbobi
Gidan sarrafa kayan aiki ne na kowa a duniya, saboda haka akwai nau'ikan na'urorin da ke da wasu halaye na ayyuka. Gaba ɗaya, waɗannan sassa zasu iya raba zuwa duniya da na musamman. Ana iya amfani da nau'in farko don shuka kowane hatsi: alkama, legumes, ko masara. Musamman na musamman ga kowane irin amfanin gona. Ka yi la'akari da ainihin nau'ikan inji da bayanin su. Ana amfani drills iri iri bisa ga irin nauyin haɓaka, hanyar samar da iri da al'adu (bisa ga ƙwarewa).
Ta hanyar shuka
Mafi mashahuri shine ƙayyadewa don hanyar shuka (dasa), wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan iri iri masu zuwa:
- Ɓoye-gida ne mai amfani da shi don sanya rukuni na hatsi a saman murabba'i / rectangles;
- Masu zaman kansu - na'urar don shuka wata al'ada kusa / tef ba tare da rabu ba;
- nesting - wani tsari don shimfiɗa gida na tsaba a kowace jere / tef;
- watsa - inji don amfanin gona na hatsi a cikin yanki (alal misali, ciyawa);
- Kullun (nau'in nau'in) shine jinsin da ake nufi don tsari mai yawa na tsaba tare da wannan, nesa da nisa tsakanin amfanin gona.
Yana da muhimmanci! An zabi hanyar yin shuka, la'akari da al'adun musamman, girman yankin da aka shuka da kuma irin ƙasa (abin da yake da shi, haihuwa da kuma shirye-shiryen namo).
Ta hanyar nau'i
Kayyade na'urorin inji irin nau'in raguwa ya raba su, dangane da tsarin da ke motsa na'urar don motsawa don yin shuka:
- trakta (saka / trailed) - wani tsari da yake sarrafawa ta hanyar tarakta, wanda ya biyo baya, ya haɓaka mafi girma gudun motsi a fadin filin;
- Gyara - injin da ke haɗe da kayan doki tare da taimakon igiyoyi na musamman;
- manualer, wanda motsa tare da taimakon na ɗan adam kokarin.
- kullin kai-kai - cikakkiyar tsari.
Yawancin lokaci kayan aikin shuka yana haɗe da mai tarawa, wani lokaci zuwa katakon doki. Mass samar, ba shakka, nau'i nau'i. Yau yana da mahimmancin samun samfurin manhaja, wannan shine kusan kayan kayan kayan tarihi, tun da yake aikin su yana da matukar wuya kuma rashin aiki.
Ta al'adu
Kamar yadda aka riga aka nuna a baya, dangane da irin al'adun da aka shuka, kayan aiki masu dacewa an zaba. Wadannan na'urorin sune siffofi na musamman na kayayyakinsu, wanda ya dace da wani nau'i na al'ada, wanda dole ne a girma. Ana yin wannan ƙwarewa ta wannan hanya:
- hatsi;
- hatsi-daji;
- hatsi mai kitse;
- hatsi da kayan lambu;
- auduga;
- Alamar linzami;
Ƙara koyo game da yiwuwar da amfani da amfani da tractors a noma: MTZ-892, MTZ-80, MTZ-1221, T-150, Kirovets K-9000, T-25,
Fasali na aiki
Tsarin zamani na shuka zamani yana da nau'i, wanda ya ƙunshi yin amfani da su ba kawai a tsarin tsarin gargajiya na kasar gona ba, amma har ma a cikin "mahimmanci". Na farko nau'in sarrafawa yana noma. Nau'i na biyu, wadda ake kira mafi ƙarancin, ana haifar da haɓakawa tare da saukewar ƙasa. Har ila yau mahalarta duniya suna da kyakkyawar ingancin aiki. Kowane ƙwayar shuka mai shuka a cikin akwati dabam. A kasansa akwai ɓullo don žara kayan shuka. Girman wannan bawul din yana iya daidaitacce tare da kusurwa, dangane da girman ƙwayar, zai iya zama daga 0 zuwa 53 centimeters.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan masu sana'a suna ɗaukar nauyin su a matsayi na duniya, to lallai iyawa na tsaba dole ne su kasance tare da bashi mai daidaitacce, in ba haka ba za a yi ƙwayar hatsi ko, a akasin haka, samun isasshen barci.
Ya kamata a yi amfani da siffofin slot din masu zuwa, dangane da nau'in:
- kananan - 0.5-2 mm;
- babban - 7-10 mm.
Ana iya daidaita zurfin tsaunuka a cikin ƙasa tare da taimakon maɓuɓɓuka na musamman ko wasu kayan aiki, saboda iri daban-daban iri daban-daban ya bambanta a cikin zurfin bukatun su. Yawancin masu shuka suna sanye da na'urar ta atomatik ta atomatik dake sarrafa tsarin. Don yin aiki na dindindin, manoma masu fama da shawara suna zabar masu shuka da tankuna don hatsi da aka yi da fiberlass. Wannan abu zai dade ku da yawa fiye da polymer, tun da yake ba ya jin tsoron sanyi da ultraviolet haskoki, ba ya ba da lalata kuma baiyi da sinadaran ba.
Kudin kayan inji don dasawa ya bambanta a fili mai yawa, saboda haka yana da kyau a zabi mai sukar nauyin bisa ka'idar rabo mafi kyau "farashin-kima".
