Fir yana da iyalin Pine. An samo shi a cikin tsaka-tsakin yanayi, yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi na Arewacin Hemisphere. Ƙari mafi yawa a cikin gandun daji na coniferous, amma zai iya girma a cikin gauraye da kuma deciduous. Akwai kimanin nau'in nau'i nau'i 50. An yi amfani da furanni mai mahimmanci don yin amfani da gonaki masu zaman kansu, wuraren shakatawa, murabba'ai.
Yadda za a shuka fir, haifar da iri na fir
Fir yana nufin wadanda tsire-tsire, wanda za'a iya haifuwa ta tsaba, cuttings da layering. Da farko ka la'akari da hanyar farko.
Yaushe kuma a wace ƙasa don shuka fir
Ba kamar seedlings ba, wanda za'a iya shuka a farkon kaka, ya fi kyau shuka shuka a tsakiyar bazara. Zabi yashi, sako-sako da ƙasa, kai tare da sawdust a Layer of 2 cm, sa tsaba da kuma yayyafa da wani Layer na sawdust 1-1.5 cm lokacin farin ciki. Bugawa a sarari. Za ku iya shuka da kuma kawai sandy-sod ƙasa a zurfin 2 centimeters. Ba lallai ba ne don ruwa, saboda haka kada ya samar da ɓawon burodi.
Kwayoyin coniferous irin su sciping juniper, cedar pine, conik spruce, myriac foxtail, cypress, cryptomeria, larch, cedar, thuja yammacin "Brabant", yew da hermes suna da wadata a cikin phytoncides - abubuwa da ke rage kwayoyin da ke haifar da cututtuka.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan shuka furannin tsaba, sai ku rufe gine-gine tare da tsare, wanda ya kamata a cire a tsakiyar watan Agusta. A farkon hunturu, ka rufe dukkanin ganye.
Tsarin iri, yadda za a shirya kayan dasa kayan lambu don dasa shuki
Tsaba, wanda ya kamata a adana shi a wuri mai sanyi, za a fara shirya don dasa shuki a watanni 2-3. Don ƙara ƙwaya, yalwata harsashi, sanya tsaba a kan stratification. Ɗaukar da tsaba a cikin bayani mai mahimmanci na potassium 5%, kurkura da ruwa da jiƙa don 24 hours. Gaba, an sanya su a cikin jakunan nailan da aka cika da yashi yashi. Kuma kafin ka shuka tsaba na fir, saka kome a cikin firiji ko jaket mai dusar ƙanƙara.
Shin kuna sani? Fir wanda ya girma daga zuriyar zai yi girma sosai a hankali a farkon. Domin shekaru hudu, zai ƙara kawai 30-40 cm a tsawo. Wannan ya bayyana cewa a wannan lokacin yana tasowa mafi mahimmanci tsarin. A tsawon lokaci, ci gaban zai kara hanzari.
Tsarin Tsarin Fir
Hanyoyi shida- ko 3 sun hada da tsarin shuka iri iri iri na 1.5-3 cm a yanzu ana amfani dasu.A nisa tsakanin tsakiya na layin na iya zama kamar haka: 10/10/40/10/10/70 cm ko 10 / 25 (30) / 10/25 (30) / 10/70 (60) cm Idan za ta yiwu, amfani da masu amfani.
Fir: yadda ake kula da sprouts
Sprouts na tashi cikin makonni 3-4. A wannan lokaci, zaka iya fara ruwa da su kuma yada ƙasa. Tsaftace ƙasa ta dace sosai. A kwanakin zafi, mita da ƙarar girman karuwa. Greenhouse ya kamata a lokacin ventilated. A lokacin rani, an shirya nau'in abinci guda uku ta amfani da mullein (diluted tare da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1: 5) ko bayani na 1% hydroponic. Hada saman riguna tare da watering.
Da zarar ka gudanar da shuka tsaba da fir kuma bayan shekaru 2-3, lokacin da tsire-tsire suke girma, zasu buƙaci a canza su. Ana yin shinge a cikin bazara, ajiye tsire-tsire a nesa na 30-50 cm A yayin aikin, yanke tsawon lokaci kuma ya lalata sassa na tushen tsarin kuma aiwatar da shi tare da mai magana, yana kunshe da sassa biyu na gona na gona da sashi na humus. Yanzu watering da m loosening ne da za'ayi sau ɗaya a mako. Na gaba shekara bayan dasawa, a cikin bazara, za ka iya yin kwayoyin ko ma'adinai da takin mai magani. 
Shuka seedlings a gonar
Mataki na karshe a cikin noma na fir daga tsaba shi ne dashi na tsawon shekaru 5-7 zuwa wurin da aka zaba.
Lokacin saukowa a wuri mai dindindin, ka tuna cewa firfesa suna son loamy, arziki, ƙasa drained. Dukkanin ɓoye da ɓangaren ɓoye na mãkirci za su yi. Idan ruwan ya damu, ci gaban shuke-shuken zai ragu, kuma zasu iya samun cututtukan fungal. Kodayake wuraren da busassun ma sun kasance mummunan zabi.
Land a spring ko farkon fall. Gwasa rami mai rami a cikin 50-80 cm, sassaƙa kasa da kuma sanya idan ya cancanta a kwantar da ruwa, dace da dutse mai gushewa, tubalin fashe. Add 300 g na ma'adinai da takin mai magani da kuma ganyayyaki zuwa kasin ƙasa daga sassa uku na humus, sassa na yashi da sassa na peat. Sanya kome a ƙasa na ramin kuma shirya tushen shuka a saman. Ƙasar gona ta rufe ƙasa don haka wuyan wuyansa yana a matakin kasa.
Kamar yadda kake gani, don shuka fir daga tsaba, kana buƙatar yin kokari. Wannan tsari ne mai tsawo. Amma akwai wasu hanyoyi. 
Shin kuna sani? Kalmar "fir" ta fito ne daga kalmar Jamus "Fichte", ma'ana fir. Sakamakon halayen fir-spruce shi ne abin da ake buƙatar gada da gaskiyar cewa kwakwalwanta sun girma kuma suna rushewa a kan bishiyar, wanda yake kama da cedars, kuma ba sauran gidan pine pine.
Sake gyaran kayan sauti
Gaba, zamu yi la'akari da yadda za mu shuka fir.
Binciken cuttings
Don wannan hanyar haifuwa, kawai harbe-harben shekara daya tare da apical toho da diddige ya dace, zai fi dacewa daga saman kambin wani matashi mai shekaru 4-8. Dogon ya zama mita 5-8. Masana masu kwarewa sun ba da shawara kada su yanke, amma don tsage hakar. Ana iya gudanar da tsarin sau da yawa a shekara: a cikin Afrilu, Yuni (a lokacin girma girma), a watan Agustan (lokacin da lignification zai fara) da Satumba-Oktoba (lokacin da aka riga an riga an lalata hawan). 
Yana da muhimmanci! An dasa bishiyoyi a lokacin rani-rani a nan da nan, kuma ana adana wadanda aka lalata su har sai bazara a zafin jiki na + 1-5 ° C da kuma matsanancin zafi. Wurin lantarki mai dacewa a firiji.Sake gyaran gyare-gyare na fir yana dauke da cire burrs daga diddige kafin dasa. Dole ne hawaye ba za su kwashe daga itace ba. A nan gaba, tsire-tsire ba su da cututtukan cututtukan fungal, dole ne a rike su a cikin wani bayani na 2% na captan, tushe ko karfi mai karfi na permanganate.
Hanyoyi masu shinge na fir
Mix daidai sassa na yashi, humus da ƙasa ƙasa. Shuka cututtuka kimanin 10 cm a cikin wannan matsin kuma ya rufe tare da gilashi ko polyethylene. Bugawa a sarari. Idan za ta yiwu, shirya ƙananan dumama (2-3 ° C sama dakin zafin jiki). Sanya cututtuka a wuri mai haske ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Kullum iska. A cikin bazara, ruwa daga ƙananan ruwa na iya yin kowace rana, a lokacin rani - har zuwa sau hudu, to sai a rage watering a sau ɗaya a rana. 
Sake gyaran kayan sauti - Wannan ba hanya bane 100% ba. Yawancin lokaci game da 60-70% ba sa tushen. Idan ka fara dasa tsire-tsire a spring, kada ka dame su har sai shekara ta gaba. A hankali zazzage su, bude ginin don tsawon lokaci. Kada ka yi overdry, amma kada ka overmoisten da substrate. A ƙarshen bazara, an riga ya yiwu shuka shuke-shuke a cikin kwantena. Bayan farkon farawa, yana da amfani don yayyafa cututtuka tare da cakuda na gina jiki.
Bincika mafi yawan jinsuna da nau'in fir.
Shuka cuttings a bude ƙasa
Mafi mahimmanci, ana amfani da fir daga cutarwa idan an dasa shi a wuri mai haske a cikin yanayin hadari, a lokacin ruwan sama. Dasa cuttings ne da za'ayi a cikin hanyar da seedlings.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ana shuka furanni don alamomi, to, bari tsakanin su nesa na mita 4-5. Idan don shinge - kimanin mita 2.5. Idan saukowa zai kasance rukuni, to - mita 3-3,5.Kada ka manta game da akai-akai watering bayan dasa.
Yadda za a propagate fir layering
Don ajiye iri iri iri dabam-dabam, da wuya, amma har yanzu ana amfani dashi don haifuwa, ba kawai cuttings ba, har ma cuttings. Wannan hanya ba ta tabbatar da cewa siffar siffar kambi zai kasance ba. Kwayoyin tsire-tsire ko tsire-tsire suna girma. Amma akwai kusan babu damuwa da wannan hanya.
A lokacin bazara ko farkon lokacin rani, kana buƙatar tanƙwara reshe a ƙasa da kuma ɗauka, ɗaga sama. Gyara da lanƙwasa tare da waya ko nauyi. A hankali a yanka a gindin dukan rassan da suka fada cikin ƙasa. A karkashin manyan rassan, yi wa cututtukan itace ko waya. Kada ka yi kokarin raba rassan daga iyayen ka, ka ciyar da shi a matakai, sannu-sannu ka yanke ragon. Gudun yana da shekaru 1-2, a wannan lokacin, kula da lakaran ƙasa.
Labarin ya kasance game da fir, da siffofin haifuwa. Kowace hanya tana da amfani da rashin amfani. Bayan nazarin bayanin da aka bayar, zaka iya zaɓar mafi dace da kanka da sauƙin aiwatar da shi.
