Disinfected substrate - a jingina da karfi da lafiya harbe na seedlings. Sabili da haka, mahimman bayani na shiri don shuka tsaba. Tsarin aiki zai iya aiwatarwa ta hanyoyi mutane ko amfani da sinadarai ko nazarin halittu. Don gano abin da fasaha ya dace don shafinku, kuyi la'akari da hanyoyin da aka fi dacewa, kuɗi da kuma tasiri.
Me ya sa kake bukata?
Tillage kafin dasa shuki seedlings yana da mahimmanci ga irin shuka germination da kuma samuwar su. Yin amfani da tsire-tsire yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar ikon cations na gina jiki don shiga cikin filaye na shuka. 
Idan magungunan kwayoyin halittu sun kasance a cikin ƙasa, ƙwayoyin da aka kama a cikinta ba za su iya ci gaba ba, tun da yake wasu abubuwa masu yawa, mycelium, mold and rot zai hana wannan daga faruwa. Yi tsammanin yawan 'ya'yan itace ko flowering daga irin wannan yanayi ba shi da daraja.
Shin kuna sani? Adadin microorganisms a cikin wani wuri mai yawa na ƙasa shi ne sau 2 yawan jama'a a duniyar duniya.Don kare albarkatu, masu yawa da masu shuka furanni da masu amfani da kayan lambu suna amfani da sayen ƙasa. Amma wannan hanya tana buƙatar saka jari da jarirai kuma baya tabbatar da cewa babu microbes.
Hanyar mafi aminci, yawancin manoma sunyi imanin canjin canji na shekara da kuma wanke shi a gida.
Disinfection zažužžukan
A cikin arsenal na lambu akwai hanyoyi da dama. Wasu masu son filayen, yayyafa ko daskarewa da su, yayin da wasu, ba sa so su ɓata lokaci mai yawa, ruwa tare da cututtuka.
Bari mu bincika a cikin dalla-dalla yadda mafi dacewa shi ne don wanke ƙasa kafin dasa shuki daga shuka daga ingantaccen abu da saya.
Familiarize kanka tare da dokoki don girma seedlings tumatir, barkono, eggplant, kabeji, leek, zucchini, strawberries.
Daskarewa
Wannan hanya tana dauke da mafi sauki da kuma duniya. Earthen ball don seedlings girbe a cikin fall. Ana sanya shi a cikin jakar masana'anta kuma ana gudanar da shi a cikin hunturu zuwa sanyi.
Yana da kyawawa cewa kasar gona ta zauna a yanayin yanayin zafi kadan kimanin mako daya, tun da wasu nau'o'in microorganisms ba zasu mutu ba a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. 
Bayan daskarewa, an sanya substrate a cikin zafin rana har kwana bakwai, yana jiran tada hankalin kwari da ƙwayoyin ciyawa.
Sa'an nan ana mayar da jaka zuwa sanyi. Idan hunturu ya dumi da waje yana da ƙasa da -15 ° C, yana da kyau a yi amfani da daskarewa kuma ƙara lokacin sanyi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana rage wa daskarewa a cikin kwayoyin halitta, tun lokacin da kwayoyin halitta masu amfani da kayan abinci zasu mutu a lokacin tsari na disinfection.
Mutane da yawa don yin zaman lafiya suna yin daskare uku. Amma a wannan hanya shi ne kusan yiwuwa a rabu da mu marigayi Blight pathogens.
Calcination
Hanyar tana kunshe da dumama da substrate zuwa babban zafin jiki, wanda zai ba da izini ya share kansa na pathogens. Da farko, an zuba cakuda ƙasa a cikin kwandon kuma a zuba karamin ruwa.
Sa'an nan kuma, idan an sanyaya abinda ke ciki a cikin akwati, an hade shi sosai kuma an sanya shi a kan takardar burodi tare da Layer har zuwa 5 cm. Bayan manipulations aka yi, ana iya aika ƙasa a cikin tanda. 
Yana da muhimmanci kada a rage shi da yawan zazzabi, saboda yanayin zafi mai yawa ya taimakawa wajen samar da ma'adinan nitrogen, sakamakon haka kasar gona ta rasa kayan abinci, wasu kuma basu da damar shuka filaye. A cikin minti 30, ƙasa tana buƙatar dafa a cikin tanda, saita lokaci zuwa 90 ° C.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ko da kuwa hanyar hanyar disinfection na kasar gona, a ƙarshen hanya ya zama dole ya bar barci a tsabta mai tsabta, chlorine-rubbed.
Tsayar
Irin wannan fasaha don tsabtace ƙasa don seedlings yana daukar lokaci mai yawa, amma ya fi maida hankali, idan aka kwatanta da mummunan calcination.
Ana zuba ƙasa a cikin wani karamin karfe, wanda aka sanya a cikin jakar jakar. Zaka iya yin kishiyar: zuba ƙasa a cikin jaka kuma saka shi akan grid. Suna saka guga na ruwa a kan wuta, kawo shi a tafasa kuma saita grid tare da ƙasa a saman. Tabbatar cewa ruwa ba ya ƙafe gaba daya. Ya kamata a yi amfani da motsa jiki don 1.5 hours. A lokaci guda kuma, bi bin shawarwarin da kungiyar ke gudanarwa da kuma wanka na wanka mai ruwa, kada ku kwashe ƙasa a kan shi. In ba haka ba, karɓa kawai wani dunƙule mai lalacewa, amma gaba daya ba tare da kowane abu mai gina jiki ba kuma mai amfani.
Wannan shi ne abin da masu hutuwa sukan yi koka game da, wadanda suka shiga wannan hanyar disinfection. Mutane da yawa, suna jin tsoron ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cizon sauro, kuma kafin su shuka tsaba a allurar rigakafin ta kwayar.
Ayyukan halittu
Idan idan aka yi wa disinfection ka yanke shawarar yin amfani da sayan saya, ka yanke shawara na farko da kuma daga abin da kake shirya don noma gonar: furotin, kwari ko potassium.
Shin kuna sani? Don samar da 2 cm na ƙasa mai kyau, kana bukatar karni.
Daga cikin tasirin masu ilimin halittu mai mahimmanci - a "Fitosporina", "Alirina B", "Trichodermina", "Extrasola", "Planriz", "Gliokladina" da "Baikal EM-1". 
Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan kwayoyi suna taimakawa wajen bunkasa microflora mai amfani da kuma taimakawa gajiya daga gine-gine da kuma gandun daji, inda ake bunkasa iri guda a kowace shekara.
Bayan magani tare da kwayoyin halittu, da pathogens bace a cikin ƙasa, da guba na baƙin ƙarfe da aluminum ragewa, yawan fluorine, nitrogen, potassium da magnesium ƙara.
Agrochemists sun ware daga jerin masu amfani da kwayoyi masu mahimmanci "Trichodermin". Ya ƙunshi fungal mycelium Trichoderma lignorum, wanda ba ya yarda da cin gaban ciwon daji fungi da sauran pathogens.
An shirya maganin aikin aiki a madadin 1 g na abu da 1 l na ruwa. Ana gudanar da kayan ƙanshi, suna lura da matakan da suka dace, na musamman daga wani kwalba mai laushi. 
Wasu masu aikin lambu ba tare da ci gaba da masana'antu na agrochemical a cikin sababbin hanyoyi na "kakan" ba. Sun kasance a cikin bishiyoyin dafa abinci tare da tincture na tafarnuwa, mustard ko calendula.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ka taba cin potassium tare da potassium na sod-podzolic acidic, saboda magani zai taimaka wajen cigaba da iskar shaka.
Chemical
Ana bada shawarar yin amfani da sunadarai mai karfi kawai a cikin matsananciyar yanayin lokacin da hanyoyin agrotechnique da hanyoyin nazarin halittu ba su da iko.
Abu mafi mashahuri a wannan rukuni shine potassium permanganate, wanda shine manufa domin disinfecting sod-carbonate da chernozem ƙasa. 
Ana shirya bayani mai aiki daga lissafin 3 g na abu da guga na ruwa. Suna buƙatar yin ruwa mai zurfi a ƙasar da aka dafa. Bisa ga masana, wannan hanya ya dace da kayan lambu da greenhouse kawai tare da hade da wasu magunguna masu guba: Aktara, Thunder, Inta-Vir, da Iskra.
An yi imani da cewa lokacin da aiki da ƙasa tare da potassium permanganate, pathogens mutu kawai a cikin surface yadudduka, sabili da haka, yana da muhimmanci a yayyafa jan karfe sulphate (50 g / 10 l) 15 days kafin dasa shuki seedlings.
Idan kun yi shirin shuka amfanin gona da ke da damuwa da fusarium, da kuma launin toka da kuma sclerotinia, dole ne a wanke ƙasa tare da "Iprodion". Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da maɓalli ko warwatse a cikin greenhouse.
Shin kuna sani? 27% na asusun duniya na kasar gona baƙar fata yana cikin Ukraine.
Bleaching foda ayyukan radically, kashe mafi yawan pathogens. Rashin abu shi ne cewa yawancin tsire-tsire suna da mummunar mummunan chlorine. Don wankewar gine-ginen, masu aikin gona suna ba da shawara su gabatar da makonni biyu kafin su dasa shuki.
Don shirya bayani mai aiki, dole ne a soke 40 g na abu a cikin gilashin ruwa, sa'an nan ku zuba cakuda cikin guga na ruwa. An shawarci abu don amfani da albarkatun gona wadanda suke da damuwa ga blackleg. 
Bayan yin aiki, tabbatar da rufe ƙasa tare da tsare, kuma bayan kwana 3 cire shi kuma ya wanke greenhouse sosai. Anyi wannan ne don tabbatar da cewa evaporation ta formalin ya fito kuma bai hallaka tsire-tsire ba.
Don maganin cututtuka na greenhouses kuma ya dace da sunadarai sunadarai mai suna "TMTD", wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin hanyar bushe kuma a cikin dakatar.
Binciken jerin kwayoyi da zasu zama da amfani a gare ku don kula da gonar: "PhytoDoctor", "Ecosil", "Nemabakt", "Shining-1", "Nurell D", "Oksihom", "Actofit", "Ordan" "Fufanon".
Yadda za a canza acidity na kasar gona
Ƙirƙirar sharaɗɗan sharaɗi ga seedlings ta hanyar daidaita gaskiyar ƙasa. Bayan haka, ba wani asiri ga kowa ba cewa yanayi na acidic yana inganta yaduwar pathogens. Yi la'akari da yadda hanyoyin da za a rage da kuma ƙara yawan pH na dauki.
Boost
Matsanancin hawan pH (daga 7 zuwa 8.5 raka'a) suna nuna nauyin alkaline. 
Sabili da haka, idan shirin - dasa shuki tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, wanda aka fi so zuwa ƙasa mai yawa, za ku buƙaci ɗaukar matakan da ke kara yawan acidity.
Shin kuna sani? Yayin da za a yi tsawon sa'o'i 24 daga filin zai iya ɗaukar 5 cm na laka mai kyau na duniya.
Popular shine hanyar yin amfani da acid citric. Ya isa ya soke 2 tablespoons na abu a cikin guga na ruwa. A madadin, zaka iya amfani da oxalic acid ko apple cider vinegar.
An karu da ƙasa a kariminci a kan shirin da aka shirya. A lokuta da cututtuka na greenhouse da mita mita na ƙasa, lita 10 za a buƙaci. 
Ana shawarci wasu masu shuka su kara yawan acidity na duniya tare da sulfur da peat. Wasu don wannan dalili don batir na lantarki.
Downgrade
Don kabeji, bishiyar bishiyar asparagus, cucumbers da sauran shuke-shuke da ke tsiro da kyau a cikin yanayin alkaline, ya kamata a yayyafa ruwan kwalliyar acidified tare da sanannun fuzz ko dolomite gari, tsohuwar filastar. Ko da yatsa turbaya ya dace da wannan. 
Ba shi yiwuwa a zabi daga dukan juyayi da aka tsara wanda ya fi dacewa da abin da ba shi da lahani ga kayan aikin gina jiki na maɓallin.
Masana sunyi shawarwari da farko don neman hanyar amfani da hanyoyin fasaha, amma idan basu da iko, sunyi nazarin halittu kuma kawai a cikin shirye-shiryen hade mai tsanani.
Babban abu ba don kawar da kwayoyin cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cututtuka ba, amma har ma kada su rushe microflora na gina jiki, don wadatar da ita.
