Itacen Apple "Uralets" tana nufin irin nauyin kaka da kuma dace da girma a yankunan arewacin. Differs a cikin karfi girma, sanyi juriya da kuma rigakafin da yawa cututtuka. Za mu gaya maka a cikin labarin.
Tarihin kiwo
Yawan apple iri-iri na "Uralets" an bred a tsakiyar karni na 19 a Sverdlovsk Experimental Gardening Station. Samun ta hanyar giciye-pollination na apple "Voskovka" tare da "Anis" da kuma "Ukrainka". 
Shin kuna sani? A cikin XI karni apple itacen ya bayyana a Rasha. A karkashin Yaroslav mai hikima (a shekara ta 1051) an kafa wani inabin apple, wanda aka fi sani da gonar Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.A iri-iri yana da babban hunturu hardiness. Saboda wannan dukiya, itacen apple ya zama sananne a cikin Urals da Siberia.
Tsarin halittu
Next, gaya game da itacen apple "Uralets", muna bada bayanin da hoto.
Bayanin itace
Itacen Apple "Uralets" - tsayayye da tsayayyen itace. A kambi ne pyramidal, karfi. Gashin yana launin ruwan kasa. 
Rassan suna dace da gangar jikin, sa'an nan kuma ya tashi zuwa sama. Ganye suna da matsakaici a cikin girman, maras ban sha'awa, a kan gefuna. Fruiting fara a cikin shekara ta huɗu.
Duba wasu nau'o'in apple trees: "Champion", "Melba", "Uslada", "Candy", "Northern Sinap", "Sun", "Currency", "Berkutovskoe", "Sinap Orlovsky", "Dream", " Zhigulevskoe. "
Hoto Bayanan
A watan Mayu, furen buds ya bayyana a kan rassan, wanda ya yi fure a kananan furanni. Fure-tsire-tsire yana faruwa a farkon kaka - a watan Satumba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne na fata, ƙananan girman. 
Nauyin apple daya shine 45-60 g. Abincin apples yana da kyau - launi mai launi tare da mai haske da ratsi. Jiki shine haske, tare da tinge mai tsami, dandano mai dadi ne, astringent.
Ruwan jini
"Uralets" - samobesplodny sa. Ga ƙwayar 'ya'yan itace yana bukatar pollen daga wasu bishiyoyi. Mafi kyawun pollinator ana daukar matakin "Ural girma".
Gestation lokacin
Flowering apple fara a watan Mayu. Apples ci gaba duk lokacin rani kuma kai balaga a watan Satumba. 
Yawo
Farkon fruiting "Uraltsa" yana faruwa a shekara 4-6 na rayuwar itace. A kowace shekara, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya kara ƙaruwa, tare da yawancin lokaci na samar da 'ya'yan itace. Duk da ƙananan ƙwayar 'ya'yan itatuwa, ana samun nau'in' ya'yan itatuwa 70-80 na itace guda.
Shin kuna sani? Idan kana buƙatar kwanciyar hankali, ya kamata ka yi shayi na apple tare da kirfa. Zai taimaka wajen kawar da fushi da fushi, rashin ciwo mai tsanani, rashin barci, da ciwon kai da rashin jin dadi. Wannan shayi yana inganta yanayin jiki da tunani, ya sake ƙarfafa bayan ya fuskanci damuwa.Sakamakon ci gaba da aiki a kan kyautata nau'in iri-iri shine kammalawa cikakkiyar tasirin yanayi a kan girbi.
Transportability da ajiya
Rashin haɓaka na iri iri na "Ural mazaunin" yana da rai mai sauƙi ga apples. Ba ya wuce watanni 1.5.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne masu dacewa da sufuri, suna da yawa kuma suna da ƙarfi. Ajiye apples mafi kyau a wurare tare da babban zafi, a cikin kwalaye ko kwalaye.
Koyi game da mafi kyaun irin itatuwan apple don girma a yankin Moscow da Arewa maso Yamma.
Frost juriya
Itacen itacen apple yana da sanyi sosai. Wannan iri-iri yana bred a cikin Urals kuma an yi nufin Urals. Godiya ga nasarar da ake samu a cikin kiwo, an samu yiwuwar cin ganyayyaki a yammacin Siberia. 
Cututtuka da ƙwayar cuta
"Uralets" yana da babban juriya ga cutar. Wannan itace itacen bishiya ba zai shafe 'ya'yan itace ba, scab. Ƙananan hadarin kamuwa da cuta da sauran cututtuka.
Mafi yawan kwari "Uraltsu" ba mummunan ba. Iyakar abin da ke gabatar da hatsarin shi ne asu na codling.
Tsaftacewar tsaftacewa ta iska, tsohuwar ganye da kula da bishiyoyi sun ba ka damar kare kanka daga mamayewa na moths. 
Aikace-aikacen
Ƙananan apples suna da dadi da m. Ana iya cin su nan da nan bayan an cire su daga itacen.
Dangane da raƙuman rai na apples, ana bada shawara don fara aiki. Suna yin jita-jita masu kyau, tsarkewa, raguwa.
Selection of seedlings: tips
"Uralets" daidai yana tsira a wasu yanayi. Amma dalilin wannan shi ne mai kyau zaɓi na seedlings. 
Ta wurin zabar itace ya kamata a kusanci tsanani - shuka mai dacewa zai faranta maka rai tare da girbi mai yawa don shekaru masu yawa kuma ba zai kawo damuwa da yawa ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mafi kyaun wuri don saya seedlings shine shayarwa da lambun tarayya.
Idan ka yanke shawara saya a Intanit ko a kamfanoni na musamman - duba farko da gano game da suna na kantin sayar da. Idan kana da abokai na lambu, tambayi yadda zasu zabi apple seedlings.
Lokacin zabar wani seedling kula da shekaru - Mafi kyawun zaɓi na shekaru 1-2. Don sanin yawan shekarun itace yana da sauƙi - ba shi da manyan rassan ko yana da kananan rassan rassa daga itacen a wani kusurwoyi mai zurfi. 
Kula da yanayin tushen. Kyakkyawan sana'o'i ya kamata su kasance ba tare da girma ba. A hankali zakuɗa haushi daga tushe - ciki ya kamata ya zama launi mai haske mai haske. Tushen bai kamata ya fada ba.
A kan matasa seedling ya kamata a rasa ganye.
Dokoki don dasa shuki apple seedlings
Saboda haka, ka yanke shawarar shuka itacen apple Uralets kuma ya zaba mai kyau sapling. Yanzu bari muyi bayani game da yadda za mu shuka wannan seedling domin zai dauki tushe da girma da kyau. 
Mafi kyau lokaci
Seedlings suna mafi kyau dasa a watan Afrilu ko farkon Oktoba. Dole kasar gona ta zama rigar kuma riga (ko a'a) m.
Zaɓin wuri
Wajibi ne don kusanci zabin wuri mai dacewa. Tun da yake Uralets wata nau'i ne mai karfi kuma yana da tushen tsarin, kusanci da ruwa (kasa da mita uku) zai iya haifar da mutuwar tushen tsarin.
Dole ne kada a sauya ƙasa, haske. Ƙarƙashin dutse, yumbu mai yalwa, sandstone mai dadi bai dace ba. Mafi kyawun zai zama sod-calcareous, sod-weakly podzolic, haske loamy kasa. 
Dole ne a kiyaye kyawawan seedlings daga iskõki, musamman arewa. Tsire itatuwa su kasance a gefen rana. Yana da kyawawa cewa inuwa daga gine-gine da sauran bishiyoyi ba sa rufe hasken rana.
Shirin mataki na Stepwise
Shiri don dasa shuki a cikin mako daya ko biyu. Jirgin ramuka tare da diamita na kimanin mita da zurfin rabin mita. Saplings mafi kyau jiƙa na rana a cikin ruwa. 
Ramin ya cika 2/3 tare da cakuda humus (ko peat), da takin mai magani (superphosphate, potassium chloride, ash) da sauran ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Abincin lemun tsami da nitrogen ba za a iya amfani da su don kare tushen daga konewa ba.
An sanya tsutsa a cikin tsakiyar rami kuma an sanya seedling don haka wuyansa na wucin gadi ya zama dan kadan sama da matakin ƙasa. Tushen suna madaidaici, an rufe su tare da sauran sauran cakuda (daga ƙasa da takin mai magani) da kuma karara. Yanzu wajibi ne don samar da itacen da mai kyau watering (3-4 buckets na ruwa) da kuma cike itacen gangar jikin. Peat, bambaro, humus zai zama dacewa a matsayin kayan ciyawa.
Nisa tsakanin noma ya kamata ya kasance daga mita 2 zuwa 4.
Yanayin kulawa na yanayi
Bayan haka, zamuyi la'akari da yanayin da ake girma da itacen apple na Uralets, domin bayan dasa, itace kuma yana bukatar kulawa mai kyau - yana ceton gonar daga matsalolin da yawa kuma zai ba ka damar samun 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau a kowace shekara.
Kula kula
A farkon shekaru na ci gaba, babban hanya za a watering - akalla 3-4 buckets na ruwa a kalla sau ɗaya a wata. Tare da ci gaban itatuwan apple, yawan ruwan da ake haɓaka yana ƙaruwa - guga ɗaya a kowace shekara na girma. 
A kan busassun ƙasa (sandstones) da kuma lokacin zafi, an kara yawan lokacin rani zuwa 1-2 sau a kowace mako. Babu buƙatar ruwa da itatuwan apple a lokacin girbi, saboda wannan zai iya lalata 'ya'yan itace.
Yana da kyau don tabbatar da kyakkyawan watering a lokacin flowering, wata daya kafin girbi da kuma lokacin leaf fall.
Rows da bishiyoyin itace suna bukatar sako. Don lokacin rani, zaka iya shuka wannan wuri tare da kore mai noma, wadda aka binne a cikin ƙasa kuma takin tsirrai bishiyoyi. Mowed ciyawa da kuma ganye bar za a iya bar a matsayin mulch. 
Tare da fitarwa daga cikin weeds ya kamata sako da sassauta pristvolny da'irar. Duk hanyoyin da aka yi bayan yawan watering.
Amfani
Ba za a hadu da itacen apple na shekarar farko na rayuwa ba. Girman farawa na farko yana farawa a shekara ta biyu kuma ya ƙunshi bayani mai urea (100 g da guga na ruwa) a spring, humates da humus a lokacin rani, a cikin Satumba da Oktoba - phosphate da potash da takin mai magani (100 g na superphosphate da lita 10 na ruwa).
Taki yayi girma sau hudu a kowace kakar don girma bishiyoyi. A cikin bazara sun yada rabin kilogram na urea karkashin kowane itace. 
Da farkon flowering ta amfani da ruwan magani cakuda superphosphate (100 g), potassium sulfate (80 g), urea (50 g) infused a lita 20 na ruwa. Ana yin gyare-gyare ta uku bayan flowering - tare da bayani na nitrophoska da busassun bushe.
Rigakafin cututtuka da kwari
Apple "Uralets" yana magance kwari da cututtuka. Amma har yanzu yana da muhimmanci a dauki wasu ayyuka don kare itatuwa da hana cututtuka masu yiwuwa.
Daga apple cututtuka lambu sun fi son irin wannan kwayoyi irin su: Topaz, Scor, Hom, Fitosporin-M.Dalilin cutar zai iya zama weeds, auku ganye da sassa sassa. Sabili da haka, hanyar farko ta rigakafin ita ce tsaftace tsaftacewar kayan aiki da tsabtace gonar.
Idan kayi shirin yin amfani da ganye auku kamar taki, to sai ku rufe shi a ƙasa ko ku samar da takin gargajiya.Ga sauran, bishiyoyi basu buƙatar kulawa da ƙwarewa na musamman.
Ƙwarewa da kafa kambi
"Uralets" yana nufin iri-iri iri iri, don haka pruning shine hanya mafi kyau don kula da itatuwa. Rashin pruning zai haifar da overgrowing na kambi, matsaloli a tattara 'ya'yan itatuwa, siffar rashin kyau na lambu.
Halitta kambi ya fara shekaru biyu bayan dasa shuki na seedlings. Yanke rassan rassan da kuma harbe wanda yayi girma sosai. Ku ciyar da sake dawowa, yanke wani ɓangare na ci gaba da suka gabata. Wannan yana ƙaddamar da girma daga bishiyoyi a tsawo kuma yana tilasta su girma a fadin. Wuraren da aka yanke suna buƙatar ɗaukakar fadin lambun. Tare da yanke bishiyoyi bishiyoyi a kowace shekara, kuma irin wannan bishiyoyi sukan kara yawan rai.
Ana shirya don hunturu
Apple itace "Uralets" yana da yawa reviews na high frost juriya. Yanayi na musamman don hunturuwa ba a buƙata ba. Amma ba a bar itatuwa ba tare da kare su ba. 
Zai zama da kyau don kare kullun bishiyoyi tare da kunshe (wannan zai kare duka daga sanyi da dabbobi daga cin gashin), da kuma wanke ginshiƙin sashi tare da launi na ciyawa ko humus.
Itacen itacen apple na Uralets iri-iri yana da amfani da yawa - yana da kyau hunturu hardiness, juriya cuta, high yawan amfanin ƙasa. Daga cikin raunuka - kananan apples da kuma ɗan gajeren rai na 'ya'yan itace.
Gaba ɗaya, yana da kyau iri-iri don kiwo ba kawai a cikin latitudes a arewacin ba, amma har ma a duk wani makircin mutum.
