Yau, kusan kowane lambu yana so ya girma bishiyoyi a cikin gidan rani, saboda yana da sauƙin yin hakan fiye da zuwa ga itatuwan da ke da kyau a cikin gandun daji, yana tafiya ta hanyar itatuwan ƙaya. Sabili da haka, wannan labarin ya ba da cikakken bayani akan kyawawan 'ya'yan itace na lambun, game da siffofin dasa shi da kuma kulawa tare da hoto.
Bayani
Gwargwadon kyawawan bishiyoyi tare da ja kayan lambu mai dadi ne na iyalin suma da aka sani da suna arewacin Berry da ke girma a cikin fadin yankin Leningrad. Wannan shuka ba don komai ba ne don sunyi la'akari da kantin sayar da kayan abinci mafi mahimmanci da kayan magani, 'ya'yan itatuwa, irin su ceri, sun hada da bitamin A, C, B1, B2, PP, K da irin wannan amfani ga jiki kamar thiamine, riboflavin da niacin.
Blueberries da blueberries su ne wakilai na iyalin dabbar da ke da 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa masu girma ne masu daraja.
An yi la'akari da lambun Cranberry babban-fruited saboda manyan bishiyoyi masu kyau, girmansa ya bambanta daga 15 zuwa 25 mm, wanda shine sau uku mafi girma a diamita fiye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Shrubs shuke-shuke samar da harbe na kwance da kuma creeping irin, da tsawon abin da ya dogara yafi a kan su iri-iri kuma zai iya zama daga 50 zuwa 115 cm a kulawa.
Shin kuna sani? Ginin lambu na Amurka mai suna Henry Hall na farko ya horar da wannan shuka a farkon rabin karni na 19, kuma an samo iri na farko na cranberries masu yawa daga zabin daga marsh, daji.
Yanayin shimfidar wuri
Don fahimtar yadda za a ci gaba da girma a cikin lambun ku, kuyi la'akari da duk siffofin wannan tsari.
Dates (spring, kaka)
Ana shuka shuki-tsirrai, yawanci a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da ƙasar a cikin makircinsu ta rigaya ta narke zuwa kusan zurfin 5 zuwa 10 cm. Koma dasa shuki ba shi da hannu, sun kawai shirya ƙasa (a watan Satumba) don spring dasa dadi berries. 
Landing wuri
Dole ne a zaba wuri don dasa ya kamata a bude kuma a daɗaɗa (ƙananan bishiyoyi za su iya shade su), kuma matakin kasa da kasa ya kamata yayi kimanin 25 cm a kasa ƙasa. Wurin wuri don fitarwa zai zama bakin tekun kogi ko tafkin.
Bukatun shara
Har ila yau, muhimmiyar mahimmanci game da ci gaban cranberries shine bukatarsa a kan ƙasa: 'yan san cewa ya kamata ya zama acidic (pH 3.5-6.5), wanda zai ba da bishiyar itacen cranberry duk wata dama ga mafi kyau shuka a kowace gonaki.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ruwan ruwa don kara shayarwa bayan dasa shuki kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da shi (acid 4), in ba haka ba bishiya zai samar da chlorosis a cikin ganyayyaki ba, wanda zai haifar da ci gaba da hana ci gaba da mutuwar ƙarshe.Shafin kan kanta ya kamata ya zama ruwa da iska, wanda ƙasa zai iya zama mai tsabta, nauyi, bisa ga peat peat ko gandun daji.
Yadda za a shuka cranberries a gonar
Hanyar dasa shukiyar bishiyoyi kuma kara girma a cikin lambun na yana da sauqi. Da farko, ya zama dole ya gina gado na musamman don shi - mirgine rami game da zurfin zurfin 30 kuma cire ƙasa, kuma tun da tushen tsarin kranran yana da iyaka, to wannan karamin zurfin zai isa ya saukowa. Tsarin shuka itacen cranberry ne kamar haka: ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin ramuka da girman girman 10 × 15 ko 10 × 10 cm, idan zai yiwu, dasa shuki ya fi girma don tsayar da ita a cikin sauri kuma ya rufe fuskar ƙasa. Sa'an nan kuma ya kamata a shayar da shuka tare da ruwa, a yayyafa shi da sauƙi da ƙasa da ciyawa - wannan ya isa sosai don ya tsaya ga gado na gado.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ya kamata a binne bishiyar cranberry a shirye-shiryen dan kadan - zai zama mafi kyau don ƙarfafa samuwar sababbin asalinsu a cikin ɓoye na titin.
Kula da tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire
Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki na seedlings cranberry, dole ne ku bi wasu dokoki masu muhimmanci.
- Bayan dasa shuki, kasar gona ta rufe fim din nan da nan kuma ta riƙe shi har sai da samuwar lashes.
- Bayan shayarwa na 15-20 cm, an laka lashes tare da sanda don kada su bar shafin.
- Watering cranberries ya zama na yau da kullum, dole ne a yi amfani da ƙasa a kullum, kuma sau ɗaya a mako yana bukatar a zuba shi sosai. A kwanakin zafi, an yi amfani da hydration kullum.
- A lokacin girma, kada wanda ya manta game da ciyar da shuka tare da maganin maganin ma'adinai mai mahimmanci, wannan ya kamata a yi sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu, yayin da bai manta da ruwa ba (tare da abun ciki na citric acid da vinegar).
Shin kuna sani? Sunan Ingilishi don cranberries ne cranberry, wanda ke nufin "Berry crane". Irin wannan sunan mai ban sha'awa shi ne saboda kamannin furanni mai tsawo da na furanni na Berry tare da kai ko ƙuƙwalwar ƙira. A Rasha, ana kiransa "snowdrop", "zhuravikha" da kuma "bazara".
A cikin bazara
A cikin idon ruwa, lokacin da itacen cranberry ya zama kore, dole ne a gudanar da rassan bishiya na ciki kuma ku ciyar da shi tare da dukkanin ma'adinai. Har ila yau, yana da muhimmanci a tuna da lokacin da aka dasa ƙasa, wanda kuma, dole ne, a kowane lokaci, ya kasance a cikin karamin damp. Tun lokacin da ƙudan zuma ya shafa itacen cranberry, mafita mafi kyau shine dasa shukiyar zuma a kusa da gado - oregano, savory, da dai sauransu.
Familiarize kanka tare da iri-iri 'ya'yan itace bushes: rasberi, gumi, olga, irga, goji, inabi, currants, physalis, teku buckthorn da kuma daji fure.
A lokacin rani
A lokacin zafi, musamman ma a rabi na biyu, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa kasar gona a gonar ba ta bushe ba, kuma ta hanyar yin amfani da ruwa kullum kada ka manta game da kaunar berries don wurin zama na acidic, saboda haka ana amfani da ruwa tare da adadin citric ko acetic acid. Bayanan da ake bukata don ingantaccen shuki na shrub suna kuma tsabtatawa da kwanciyar hankali daga kayan da ba a so ba tare da ingantaccen ƙasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Zai zama da shawarar yin kwasfa da ƙwararrun shekaru uku a kowace shekara 3-4 tare da takarda mai laushi ko ƙananan yashi har zuwa biyu.
A cikin kaka
A cikin kaka, a cikin watan Satumba-Oktoba, an riga ya yiwu a girbe amfanin gona na cranberry mai kyau. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun buƙatar za a zaɓa dan kadan m, Dole ne su yi ripen yayin ajiya.
Sauran hanyoyin kiwo
Cranberry shrub yaduwa faruwa a hanyoyi biyu - vegetative da generative. Tunda a cikin wannan labarin mun dubi yadda ake haifar da tsire-tsire na seedlings, sa'annan zamu tattauna zancen maras kyau a cikin mazaunan zafi akan yadda ake dasa shuki.
Tsarin iri Ana amfani dashi ne kawai don dalilai na kiwo, ana fitar da berries daga wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka girbe kuma nan da nan sun shuka ko kuma sun aika don ajiya a kananan takarda. 
Yawancin lokaci, bayan bushewa, tsaba suna ci gaba da mummuna, amma sabo ne mai kyau harbe bayan makonni biyu. Ana dasawa a cikin irin wannan hali ne a lokacin rani ta wannan hanyar: tsaba suna warwatse a kan ƙasa (substrate) kuma an yayyafa shi da wani yashi na yashi (2-3 mm), sa'an nan kuma shayar, an rufe shi da gilashi kuma a sanya shi a wuri mai dumi.
Lokacin da sprouted harbe girma a kan 4-5 ganye, sun nutse a cikin tukwane ko gadaje a cikin wani greenhouse a nesa na akalla 10 cm daga juna. An yi amfani da seedlings daga watan Afrilu zuwa Yuli a cikin makonni biyu, a watan Agustan an cire murfin kare daga gine-gine, kuma a watan Oktoba an gado gado na lambun tare da zinare 5 na centimeter na peat kuma an sake rufe shi don hunturu, kawai tare da nau'i biyu na spunbond.
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin mazaunin dindindin, an shuka seedlings don wasu shekaru, kuma amfanin gona daga tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire ne kawai za'a iya samuwa bayan shekaru biyu ko uku.
Karanta kuma game da kayan magani da kuma contraindications na cranberries.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kamar kowane lambun lambu da lambun, itatuwan cranberry suna fallasa da cututtuka daban-daban da kuma mamaye mamaye. Ko da mafi yawan lafiya-fenced bushes, rashin alheri, zai iya kama wasu cututtuka irin wannan irin, alal misali:
- red spot ne cuta na fungal wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar da lalatawar harbe. Don magance wannan cuta, amfani da 2 g na "Fundazole" da "Topsina L", a cikin lita guda 1 na ruwa, ana amfani da wannan bayani don magance gidan da ya shafa;
- Fomopsis wata cuta ce wadda ke haifar da fari na katran cranberry ba tare da ya bushe ba. Irin wannan harin zai iya shawo kan bushe kuma musamman yanayin zafi. Don kawar da bayyanar cututtuka na wannan ciwo, ana kula da daji tare da duk wani tsarin furotin na jiki;
- cytosporosis, ko baƙar fata, wanda yana rinjayar 'ya'yan itacen cranberries. Rabu da cutar zai taimaka "chlorine jan ƙarfe";
- Nashi na motsi yana daya daga cikin cututtukan cututtuka da cututtuka, kuma idan ba'a bi da su ba, foci zai iya hallaka dukan shrub. Don hana zubar da shafin ta hanyar bayani game da "Fundazol";
- Monilial ƙona - ƙananan kamuwa da ƙwayar magunguna, sun bushe daga gare ta, suna juya launin ruwan kasa da bushe. Don yin yaki sosai "Topsin M" ko "Ronilan";
- Pestalation - Harms berries, ganye da kuma stalks. An bayyana launin launin ruwan kasa akan wuraren kore, sa'annan daga baya sai suka haɗu kuma suka juya cikin launi masu launi. Daga wannan cuta zai taimaka jan karfe oxychloride;
- Terry ko sprouting wani cuta ne mai hatsari da kwayoyin mycoplasma ke haifarwa. Daga filayensa suna kama da "witch brooms." Tashin daji ya daina yin amfani da 'ya'yan itace, kuma idan' ya'yan itatuwa suka fara farawa har ma kafin cutar ta fara - sun juya ƙananan da mummuna. Abin takaici, babu wata magani da aka kirkiri don maganin wannan cutar ta hanyar bidiyo, don haka tsire-tsire da aka lalata ya kamata a cire shi daga gado na gado;
- Botrytis - maida hankali ne mai tushe a cikin ruwan sanyi tare da fungal fluffy patina. Yana da wani suna - m rot. Don magance cutar ya zama wajibi ne don amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux.
Idan ka bi dokoki masu wajibi da mai sauƙi, kyawawan kayan lambu na cranberry za su sauƙaƙa tsarin aiwatar da gonar ta ga mai shi da kuma kula da shi abin kwarewa, sa'an nan kuma ka gode masa da albarkatu mai albarka da kuma bitamin.
