Dabbobi iri-iri masu yawa waɗanda suka zo mana daga kasashen waje sun dace da gida kiwo. Musamman ma, wannan ya hada da Kosovo cyclamen, daya bayanin wanda ya riga ya tada tambayoyi game da kiwo a gida. Bari mu dubi wannan wakilin ban mamaki na flora kuma muyi aiki tare da bukatunta na girma.
Bayanan Botanical
Cyclamen ya zama tsire-tsire na iyalin Mirsinovye, kodayake wasu masana kimiyya sun ba da ita ga wata iyali - Primrose.
A cikin daji, fure yana zaune a Iran, Arewa maso gabashin Afrika da Rumunan Ruwa, amma yawanci ana samuwa a Turkiyya.
Wasu jinsunan da aka yi amfani dashi a matsayin tsire-tsire masu amfani da ita suna amfani da su wajen maganin sinusitis, amma a kowane hali, dole ne a kiyaye matakan tsaro, saboda akwai hadarin ƙone murfin mucous.
Shin kuna sani? Kosky Cyclamen, game da dasa shuki da kulawa wanda zamu yi magana kadan daga bisani, ya sami sunansa don girmama tsibirin Kos, wanda yake a cikin tekun Aegean, kusa da Turkey.
Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin 'yan shuke-shuke (ya kai tsayi na 10-15 cm), flowering a lokacin hunturu-hunturu. Kwayoyinsa sun kai tsawon 15 cm kuma suna da siffar zuciya-nau'i tare da launin kore mai duhu (zai iya kai kusan wata inuwa mai duhu, wanda ya dogara da nau'ikan iri).
Har ila yau, a kansu za ka iya ganin nauyin azurfa ko farar fata. Gurasar leafy tana samuwa ne a kan ƙananan dabbobi.
A gida, ana iya ganin kosovo cyclamen daga watan Nuwamba har zuwa Maris da kansa, kuma furanni da suka bayyana suna da kyau sosai: suna da ruwan hoda, ja, launuka mai launin fari (ko masu launin shuɗi) tare da tushe mai launi. A cikin yanayin rana suna fitar da ƙanshi mai dadi, ƙanshi.
Akwai alamu mai mahimmanci a cikin canji a cikin launi na fetal, girman furanni da kuma siffar ganye: kodadden furanni mai launin fata da kuma buds sune mafi halayyar tsire-tsire daga Siriya da kudancin Turkey.
Idan muka yi magana game da launuka da aka samo daga gabas na waɗannan ƙasashe, za su zama mafi girma, kuma faranti takardun za su fi ƙanƙanta.
Bugu da ƙari, wannan jinsin yana nuna wani tuber da tushen girma ne kawai daga ƙasa.
Zaɓin sarari a dakin
Kamar kowane tsire, Kosovo cyclamen yana buƙatar wasu hankalin, kuma yana da muhimmanci muyi la'akari da matakan sifofi masu yawa yayin da ake ajiyewa a gida: haske, zafin jiki, zafi da iska da kuma kayan ƙasa.
Haskewa
Duk da cewa cyclamen kamen yana da tsinkaye mai haske, tuntube tare da ganye a hasken rana kai tsaye suna barazanar ƙone su.
Ƙananan tsire-tsire na cikin gida sun hada da: Monstera, Kalanchoe, Dracaena, Anthurium, Dendrobium, Gloxinia, Begonia.
Saboda haka, matakan shinge daga yamma ko gabas na gidan sun fi dacewa don sanya shi. Idan akwai gaggawa ba za a iya sanya tukwane tare da shuka a kan windows windows, kawai a cikin wannan yanayin dole ne a katange.
Temperatuur da zafi
Girman Kosovo cyclamen a cikin gidanka, yana da mahimmanci don samar da shi da tsarin zafin jiki mafi kyau. A cikin hunturu, za'a iya rage yawan zazzabi zuwa + 11 ... +14 ° C, amma a lokacin rani zai fi kyau idan karatun zazzabi ya kasance a + 18 ... +25 ° C. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa don ingancin shuka da flowering su ne + 11 ... +14 ° C.
Kafin kafa buds, cyclamen ya kamata a yadu a kai a kai, amma da zarar sun bayyana, wannan hanya ta tsaya, in ba haka ba za a iya juya su ba. Ana iya ƙara ruwa a pallet, amma idan an cika shi da peat, fadada yumbu ko pebbles.
Nama substrate
Abinda ke ciki na kwakwalwar ƙasa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kyawawan kayan lambu. Sabili da haka, don samun lokaci da yawan furanni yana da muhimmanci a shirya madaidaicin madogara.
Zaɓin zaɓin zai zama cakuda ganye da ƙasa na sod (a cikin daidai rabbai) tare da ƙari da lemun tsintsiyar murmushi, murmushi mai laushi ko tsohuwar filastar. Har ila yau, kada mu manta game da malalewa, saboda tsire-tsire suna shan wahala har ma da rashin ɗanɗari.
Saukowa a gida
Za a iya shuka cyclamen a gida na hanyoyi biyu: ta hanyar iri da rarraba tuber. Dukkanin matakai biyu ba za a iya kira su da yawa ba, amma don samun mafi kyawun sakamako wanda ya dace ya dace da shirye-shirye na dasa shuki da kuma tuna wasu nuances na saukowa kanta.
Tsaba
Kowane iri dole ne ya zama cikakkiyar tsari, kuma ba lallai ba ne a saya shi, domin idan kana da cyclamen mai girma, zaka iya tattara tsaba daga gare ta.
Yana da muhimmanci! Rayuwar rai da aka saya da kayan kayan gida yana da iyakancewa kuma bai wuce shekaru 2 ba. Idan kunshin da ka zaɓa ya bambanta da rubutun sharewa ko dan kadan, wannan yana nuna yanayin ajiya mara kyau.Bayan sun yanke shawara suyi girma da kansu, a shirye su don yin gyare-gyare na wucin gadi. Don yin wannan, ta yin amfani da buroshi ya kamata canja wurin pollen daga wannan flower zuwa wani, wanda ba a mahimmanci ba ne, tun da tsarinsa ya ba ka damar yin aikin da aka ƙayyade.
Lokacin da tsire-tsire da aka yiwa pollinated ya kafa akwatin bayan lokaci (ya kai kusan watanni 4), ya kasance ya cire tsaba daga gare shi kuma ya dasa su a cikin wani tsari mai shirya. Babban abu - tank ɗin bai kamata yayi zurfi ba kuma baya buƙatar zuba ruwa mai yawa.
Har ila yau an yi amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsaba a cikin ƙananan - ba tare da 1 cm ba. Akwai rata tsakanin 3 cm tsakanin kowane tsaba. Abincin na cike da ƙananan ƙasa, kuma yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa matakin ƙasa. Zababbun farko za su bayyana a wata daya.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku ji tsoro idan tsaba ba su bayyana ba da wuri - da farko furen ke tsiro sosai sannu a hankali kuma ana bada shawara don ruwa shi kawai, ba tare da wani taki ba. Kamar yadda aka fara ciyar (ba a baya ba fiye da wata daya bayan dasa shuki), zaka iya amfani da takin mai magani na ma'adinai.Furen wani matashi, wanda aka shuka a cikin hanya, ba a lura da ita ba a cikin shekara guda, kuma wani lokaci a cikin uku.
Tuber rarraba
Hanyoyin Kosovo cyclamen tare da taimakon tubers yana yiwuwa, amma a gida shi maras so. Ana yin wannan hanya a lokacin lokacin hutu na shuka kuma zai buƙaci wasu ilimin musamman daga gare ku.
Kafin rarraba albasa, ana cire shi daga ƙasa kuma ya bushe sosai, bayan haka an sare shi zuwa wasu nau'i (don farawa, ya fi kyau kawai kawai). Yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa kowane yanki ya karbi koda.
A rabo na tuber kuma multiplies: ginger, liatris, lacunos, dahlias, calla lilies, zamiokulkas, kaladium.
Duk an cire sassan da aka rufe tare da ƙwayar gawayi kuma an sake sakewa. Sa'an nan kuma dukan tsari yayi bisa ga misali mai kyau: kowane tsari an dasa shi a cikin tukunya mai mahimmanci, yana zurfafa 'yan centimetim kaɗan.
Idan ka yanke shawara don sayen kayan da aka shirya da tuber, tabbatar da kula da kodan: dole ne su kasance cikakku kuma basu da lalacewa. Irin wannan tuber ana bi da shi tare da ci gaba mai girma kuma ya bar wani lokaci a wuri mai haske.
Ya kamata a shayar da yaro a kowane lokaci, amma ba a zuba ba, in ba haka ba zai fara yiwuwa lalacewa ba.
Hanya na cyclamen ta rarraba tuber abu ne mai matsala, musamman ga masu farawa, amma har yanzu akwai damar. A matsayin zabi madadin, yara za su dace da muhimmancin dasa kayan (sun dauki tushe da sauri).
Shin kuna sani? A cikin A karni na 18, an kira cyclamen "alkama", saboda ya fito cewa aladu suna kwashe ƙasa a kan manufar neman tubers da tsire-tsire.
Features kula da cyclamen Kos
Watering, ciyarwa, pruning da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin sabon sabon matsayi suna taka rawar gani a cikin namo. Kulawa mai kyau kullum yana tabbatar da ci gaba da haɗuwa da kowane fure, don haka yana da muhimmanci a san duk abin da zai yiwu.
Yadda ake yin ruwa a flower
Koska cyclamen, kamar yawancin matasanta, yana buƙatar na yau da kullum, amma a lokacin girma. Ana gabatar da samfurin ruwa ta hanyar yin amfani da shi, kuma lokacin da ruwa daga sama yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa wannan tsari domin ruwa ba zai iya samun ganye ba.
Zai zama mafi daidai don saka ruwa a kan gefen tukunya. A lokacin kwancin tsire-tsire, adadin ruwan ya rage, amma bai kamata mu bari ƙasar ta bushe ba.
Top dressing
A yayin aiki mai girma da girma da shuka, dole ne a ciyar da lokaci daya a cikin makonni biyu, ta amfani da ma'adinai na ma'adinai masu mahimmanci (yawanci ana nuna sashi a kan kunshin). Bayan shuka shuka (lokacin da girma daga zuriyar) a farkon watanni 6, tare da ma'adanai na ma'adinai, dole ne a yi amfani da kwayoyin halitta.
Tsire-tsire-tsire
Kwancin hawan cyclomen Kosami ba a buƙata ba, amma saboda ci gaba da ci gabanta ya zama dole ya cire kayan furanni maras kyau da kuma ganye mai laushi da sauri, kuma tushe na stalks, wanda zai iya lalata, dole ne a cire shi.
Daidaita dashi
Yin gyaran cyclamen (ba kawai Kosovo) ya kamata a yi a kai a kai ba: a kowace shekara a lokaci guda, kafin budding farawa. Yawancin lokaci wannan lokaci a tsakiyar lokacin rani, lokacin da sabon ganye ya fara girma.
Kada ka rage la'akari da muhimmancin wannan hanya, domin cikin watanni 12 da ƙasa a cikin tukunya an ƙare sosai, wanda ke damuwa da tsarin. Lokacin da ake juyewa ana buƙatar ka maye gurbin tsohuwar cakuda ƙasa tare da sabon saiti, tare da cirewa na wajabi da matattu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan injin ku bai wuce shekaru 1.5 ba, to, tukunya da kimanin kimanin 8 cm na da kyau a gare shi, yayin da ɗayan shekaru uku mai shekaru 15 cm ya dace.
Idan kana son cyclamen yayi rayuwa mai tsawo kuma yana jin dadin ku tare da launi, yana da muhimmanci a shirya cakudaccen adadin ƙasa, wadda aka fi sau da yawa aka halicce shi daga ƙasa mai laushi, humus, yashi da peat.
Ƙasar Leafy za ta buƙaci kaɗan fiye da sauran nau'ikan da ake ɗauka, wanda aka ɗauka a daidai daidai. Idan ba ku da sha'awar yin aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen da ake so, to ana iya saya shi a cikakkiyar tsari a kowane kantin kayan sana'a.
Bayan cike da sabuwar ƙasa da ɗauko akwati mai dacewa don ci gaba da cigaban cyclamen, sa kananan ramuka a kasa na tukunya da kuma shimfida ruwa a cikin nau'i na fata ko fadada yaduwa, wanda zai iya adana shuka daga ruwa.
Lokacin da kuka zuba sabon ƙasa a cikin tukunya, baza ku buƙace shi ba, kuma don inganta lafiyar cyclamen, kafin ku ajiye shi a cikin sabon akwati, kawai cire (unscrew) wasu tsoffin ganye. Tsarin dashi na kanta yana buƙatar cire kauyen daga cikin tukunya na baya da kuma sauƙin canja wuri zuwa sabuwar.
Dole a sanya fure a daidai a tsakiya, kuma a wani lokaci an kiyaye shi a kan nauyi don kada ya lalata tushen. Ana saran su a hankali, kuma bayan sun fara zuba sauran ƙasa (da farko, kawai kasan ya cika da substrate).
Don kare shuka daga lalacewa ga asalinsu, su, tare da kwan fitila, ana ɗauke su daga cikin tukunya na farko yayin da suke adana saxon.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba ku buƙatar rufe dukkan tuber tare da ƙasa, ya kamata ya dubi dan kadan.Bayan an dasa shinge koski na cyclone, zuba shi a cikin matakai guda biyu: na farko, ya kamata a yarda da ruwa yayi dan kadan, sa'an nan kuma ƙara ƙarin ruwa da kuma zub da sauran matakan.
Major cututtuka da kuma kwari
Abubuwa masu guba mafi haɗari ga cyclone na Kosovo sune cyclamen da gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, wanda za a iya cire ta hanyar amfani da kwari. Game da cututtuka, a mafi yawancin lokuta ana nuna shuka a sakamakon hare-haren sulfur da kuma rigar mudu, da kuma cututtuka a kan tushen tsarin.
Tsarin fusarium yana fama da kwayoyin halitta da kyamaran cyclamen, kuma ana rufe dukkan tasoshin da kwayoyin halitta masu cutarwa waɗanda ke haifar da abubuwa masu guba.
Dalili ne saboda su cewa fure bata daina karɓar kayan abinci mai mahimmanci da sauri ya mutu. Za a iya adana naman gwari a cikin ƙasa ko kuma a kan tsayi na dogon lokaci, jiran lokaci mai dacewa don shiga cikin tushen tsarin shuka.
A lokacin da aka nuna shi zuwa ruɓaɓɓen cututtuka (cuta mai hatsari na asali na kwayar cutar), cyclamen da sauri ya ɓace kuma ya bushe, ya biyo bayan juyawar tushen tsarin.
Ana kamuwa da kamuwa da shuka a cikin ruwa lokacin da aka shayar da shi ko ta hanyar wani kamuwa da cutar. Abu mafi munin shine yaki da cutar ba shi da amfani, saboda haka ya rage kawai don halakar furen kamuwa.
Rashin fatar launin toka a kan cyclamen tare da taimakon iska da ruwa, musamman idan yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin yana da ƙananan kuma matakin zafi yana da tsawo.
Sau da yawa akwai lokuta na kamuwa da cutar cyclamen tare da anthracosis, wani naman gwari wanda zai iya zama a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci kuma ya shafi yankin ci gaban peduncles da ganye na shuka.
