Aspidistra kyakkyawan tsire-tsire ne mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire masu ganye tare da lush, ganye na basal. Genananan halittar suna tare da dangin Asparagus kuma sun haɗa da jinsuna 8 kawai. Daga cikin waɗannan, kawai ana amfani da aspidistra high a cikin floriculture na gida - shuka mai matukar dadewa. Itaciyar fure mai launin aspidistra ta bazu ko'ina cikin duniya fiye da ƙarni da suka gabata daga gabashin Asiya (China, Japan, Taiwan). Zai zama ainihin ganowa ga masu farawa waɗanda ba sa iya ba da lokaci mai yawa ga tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Bayanin Botanical
Aspidistra shine ciyawa, mai tsiro mara nauyi tare da tsarin tushen tushen iko. Tsawon labule yana kan matsakaita 50-60 cm. Dogayen fararen fararen fata da yawa suna ɗaure da sauri a cikin dunƙarar ƙasa. Neckaƙwalwar kwalliyar tana daɗaɗa da kauri. A cikin shekaru, a kan ƙaramin fili, an kafa labule mai yawa na ganye da yawa, wanda aka fi sani da suna "dangi mai aminci".
Kowane ganye na aspidistra yana da tsayi mai tsayi, na tsaye. An rufe tushenta da ƙananan sikeli. Bayan gwajin kusanci, suma sun zama tsiran marasa ganye. Manufar su shine kare babban takarda. Farantin fata mai launin fata yana da lanceolate ko kuma ƙirar bel-like kuma yawanci yana lanƙwasa zuwa waje. Tare da duk tsawon takaddar mai launin m, hanjin jinkai na tsaye ana iya gani. Farantin takardar shine tsawon 50-80 cm kuma kusan 10 cm faɗi.
Aspidistra tana fure furanni masu ƙyalƙyali. Suna zaune shi kaɗai nan da nan sama da ƙasa. Pinkan ƙaramin ruwan hoda ko shunayya mai ruwan ɗamara tare da diamita har zuwa 2.5 cm wasu lokuta suna da wuyar ganewa. Don tsarin tsarin toho da launi, ana kiransu "wardi na aspidistra." A cikin yanayi na cikin gida, fure mai wuya ne, amma, ba shakka, ya zama muhimmin abin aukuwa. A sakamakon pollination, oblong fleshy berries ripen.
Iri iri daban-daban na Aspidistra
A cikin duka, 8 jinsunan suna rajista a cikin halittar aspidistra. Daga cikin waɗannan, kawai babban asrapistra (Aspidistra elatior). Manyan ganye masu duhu mai duhu suna tattarawa a cikin babban kauri, kamar saukar ruwan sama. Don bambanta zabi don masoya m, shagunan fure suna ba da aspidistra na nau'ikan kayan ado:
- Aspidistra Variegata - duka saman takardar an rufe shi da farin ratsi a tsaye daban-daban na fadi da yawa;
Yankin Aspidistra - Aspidistra Blume dabam dabam da ƙananan ganyen uniform mai launi shuɗi launin shuɗi da shuɗi ko furanni rasberi;
Aspidistra Blume - Aspidistra Milky Way - manyan ganye masu duhu waɗanda aka rufe da fararen dige masu yawa da aibobi marasa tsari;
Aspidistra Milky Way - Aspidistra Amanogawa - a tsakiyar tsakiyar takarda fararen dige ne, kuma ratsin launuka mai yaduwa ana iya ganin su a gefenta;
Aspidistra Amanogawa - Aspidistra Fuji-No-Mine - a kan manyan ganye kore mai duhu a garesu akwai raunin da ya fi sauki;
Aspidistra Fuji-No-Mine - Aspidistra Snow Cap - kusa da ƙarshen, ganye a hankali ya zama na fari.
Aspidistra Snow Cap
Wannan shine kawai daga cikin jerin nau'in kayan ado na aspidistra, a cikin kundin adireshi daban-daban zaka iya ganin nau'ikan da yawa masu ban sha'awa, kuma masu shayarwa suna ƙara sabbin iri. Sun bambanta a cikin siffar da girman ganye, density da nisa daga ratsi ko saƙa.
Kiwo
A gida, haihuwar aspidistra ya dace don samar da ta hanyar rarraba rhizome. A watan Maris, an dasa ganyen a sama kuma an 'yantar da shi daga mafi yawancin ƙurar ƙasa. Tare da wuka mai kaifi, ya kamata ku raba soket tare da ganye 3-5 da kuma ɓangaren rhizome. Wurin da aka yanka an yayyafa shi da ƙasƙan ɓawon gawayi don hana lalata. Nan da nan bayan rarrabuwa, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa. Ga matasa aspidistras, ya kamata a zaɓi ƙananan tukwane. Bayan dasa, suna buƙatar tsawon karbuwa. A cikin mako, furanni suna a cikin zafin jiki na kimanin + 18 ... +20 ° C kuma ana shayar da su akai-akai.
Kuna iya yada ganyen aspidistra. A saboda wannan, an yanke ganye mai girma ba tare da alamun lalacewa ba. An cire Petiole don kauri a gindin ganye. Zuba ruwa a cikin karamin gilashi kuma sanya tushe a cikin farantin ganye a ciki. An rufe kwalbar da fim kuma an bar shi a cikin ɗumi mai dumi. Bayan makonni 1-2, saiwoyin ƙaramin farin za su bayyana a wurin saduwa da ruwa. An cire kara daga gwangwani kuma ana dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai kyau, a saman seedling an rufe shi da hula. Bayan wani lokaci, Tushen zai yi ƙarfi kuma aspidistra zai fara fitar da sababbin ganye.
Dasawa dakin aspidistra
Dankin bai yi haƙuri da dasawa ba kuma yana bunƙasa a hankali, don haka ana aiwatar da hanyar ne kawai kamar yadda ya cancanta. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, kowace shekara 3-4, ana juyawa daji cikin tukunya mai tsayayye ɗaya girman wanda ya fi girma na baya. A kasan tanki zuba farin ciki mai kauri na magudanar ruwa. Ba a bada shawarar lalacewar ƙwallon ƙafa ba. Lokacin saukarwa, babban ɓangare na wuyan gwal ya kamata ya kasance a farfajiya.
Selectedasa don aspidistra an zaɓi haske da ƙoshin tare da ɗan acidic ko tsaka tsaki. Leafy substrates tare da karamin ƙari na peat an fi son.
Siffofin Kulawa
Kula da aspidistra a gida mai sauki ne. Ya isa a zabi wurin da ya dace da bin ka'idodi kaɗan kaɗan. A cikin yanayin, shuka yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, don haka yana jin daɗi ko da a ƙarshen dakin ko a cikin duhu duhu. Tsarin nau'ikan launuka suna buƙatar ƙarin haske, amma sanya aspidistra ƙarƙashin hasken rana kai tsaye bai cancanci hakan ba. Ya ƙone a cikin nau'i na launin ruwan kasa mai duhu da sauri akan ganye.
Yanayin zafin jiki na gida don aspidistra yana da dadi sosai. Zai iya girma a + 18 ... +25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, an ba da izinin yin sanyi har zuwa +10 ° C, amma babu buƙatar shirya su musamman. Don lokacin rani, ana bada shawarar dasa tukwane a cikin lambu mai Inuwa. A cikin yankuna marasa ƙarfi, shuka zai iya hunturu a buɗe ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa ana kiyaye shi daga abubuwan da aka tsara. Tare da hypothermia ko zazzabi mai kaifi, ganyen ya fara duhu kuma ya bushe.
Wajibi ne a shayar da aspidistra akai-akai domin kasa ta bushe, amma matattun ruwa yakamata a bar tukunya. Ruwa na ban ruwa ba zai iya ɗaukar adadin chlorine da lemun tsami ba.
Itace tana buƙatar spraying lokaci-lokaci. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da soso tare da ƙananan ramuka da ruwa tsarkakakkun abubuwa marasa kyau na lemun tsami ƙwari ba su samar a cikin ganyayyaki ba. Hakanan kuna buƙatar tsabtace ciyayi a kai a kai tare da zane mai taushi daga ƙura da wanka a ƙarƙashin wanka mai ɗumi. Idan aspidistra bai sami isasshen danshi ba, tofin kyawawan ganye zai zama launin ruwan kasa ya bushe.
A watan Afrilu-Oktoba, fure yana buƙatar abinci mai abinci na wata-wata. Kuna iya amfani da hadadden ma'adinai na duniya don tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Aspidistra yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari. Tare da yawan wuce haddi na ruwa da damp, tushen rot zai iya haɓaka a cikin ƙasa. Naman gwari kuma ya bazu zuwa cikin petioles mai ruwa da ganye. A cikin iska mai bushewa sosai, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo da sikelin kwari suna lalata kambi. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin ku kashe ƙananan parasites da ruwa mai soapy da ruwan wanka, amma yafi dacewa da magani da ƙwayar cuta. Don lalata larvae, ana maimaita spraying sau biyu tare da mita na kwanaki 5-7.
Tare da ƙarancin ruwa mai ban ruwa don ban ruwa, wata cuta kamar chlorosis na iya haɓaka. Tare da shi, ganyayyakin suna riƙe elasticity, amma juya launin rawaya kuma rasa launi mai cikakken. Takin takin zamani da kuma amfani da tsabtataccen ruwan sha zai taimaka wajen magance matsalar.
