Guzmania wata ciyawa ce mai kyau tare da kyawawan launuka. Wannan fure mai cike da girma kuma kyakkyawa ne cikin kamshi, saboda haka ya dace da tsarin namo gida. Guzmania mallakar iyalin Bromilia ne, wanda ya haɗa da tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki da yawa. Ya zama ruwan dare gama-gari a Kudancin Amurka da Kudancin Amurka. Ana samun Epiphytes da tsire-tsire na ƙasa a cikin tsaran, wanda ya dace daidai da yanayin gida kuma baya buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Ya isa a bi wasu shawarwari masu sauki kuma inji zai gamshi da furanni masu haske akan ganyayyaki masu kyau.
Bayanin Botanical
Guzmania galibi yakan zauna cikin bishiyoyi ko a tsakanin abin fashewar dutse. Yana da karamin rhizome da ƙananan kambi. Plantwararren shuka yana girma 25-80 cm a tsayi. Kara itace mai rami mai siffar launuka mai kafafu wanda ke saman daya. Ganyayyaki na Sedentary na nau'i mai kama da bel ya iya kaiwa tsawon 30-45 cm. Zai iya zama ya zama daidai ko an lanƙwasa a cikin baka. Ganyayyaki da yawa suna da launuka masu duhu iri ɗaya.
A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, doguwar farfajiya mai fa fi tare da daskararrun launuka masu launin ja, lemo ko rawaya daga tsakiyar ganye. Siffar inflorescence ana kiranta "Sultan" saboda kamanceceniya da kewar shugabannin sarakunan gabas. Furanni kansu ba sa jan hankalin da yawa. Karamin nimbuses suna cikin axils na bracts mai haske.
Bayan pollination, ƙananan iri na bunches tare da ƙananan ƙananan tsaba sun girma a maimakon furanni. Lokacin da furanni suka ƙare, gaba ɗaya tsire ya mutu. An maye gurbin shi da yara daga hanyoyin a kaikaice.
Nau'in Guzmania
Daga cikin nau'ikan guzmania 120 na al'adu, 'yan kalilan ne kawai. A yau an san shi azaman yawancin launuka masu ban sha'awa moziki guzmania. Darkashiryenta masu duhu mai santsi suna rufe haske mai ratsa jiki. Tsawon farantin ganye zai iya kai cm 80 kuma faɗin faɗin cm 7. A kan ƙaramin, farfajiya masu kauri, sanduna masu nunawa da aka tara, yayi kama da gajerun ganye. Suna da rasberi ko launuka masu ruwan hoda mai haske. Fulawa ya fara a cikin Yuli kuma yana kusan watanni 3.
Matsayin Guzmania. Bambancin yana bambanta ta hanyar launuka mai launuka mai launuka mai haske. Sun bambanta sosai tare da takalmin kwalliya mai haske.
Guzmania ƙaramin rondo Dankin ya dace da masoya m furanni. Gwaninta bai wuce 25 cm ba ga tsayi. Sama da rosette mai duhu na ganye kore mai duhu ya tashi karamin sultan mai haske mai haske.
Guzmania Donatella Smith. An tattara dogayen ganye a cikin kuli mai siffar launuka masu dimbin yawa tare da diamita har zuwa cm 30. Babban inflorescence tare da takalmin launin rawaya ko lemo yana tashi sama da ciyawar.
Guzmania Tsana. An dauki mafi girman jinsin. Ganyenta ya girma har zuwa cm 70 a tsayi kuma ta samar da tsayi mai tsayi. Babban sultan mai dauke da takalmin ja ko ruwan lemo ya hau saman sa.
Guzmania ƙungiya-ƙungiya ce. Ganyen wannan nau'in an rufe shi da rawaya mai rawaya. Launin ganye na sama ya fi duhu duhu. Narrowaƙƙarfan ingarma mai kamannin launuka tare da wasu ƙananan furanni masu launin fari an yi wa ado da gajeriyar launin ja-launin ruwan kasa.
Kiwo
Mafi yawancin lokuta, guzmania na cikin gida yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsarin basal (yara). Bayan bushewar furanni da mutuwar mahaifiyar shuka, suna ta haɓaka sosai. Irin wannan yanayin rayuwar halayyar dukkan tsirrai ne na dangin Bromilian. Ana iya samun harbe-harben layin koda a lokacin furanni, amma ba lallai bane a raba su da wuri ba. A lokacin da ya kai watanni 4, tsayin 'ya'yan yawanci ya kai cm 15 Yanzu ana iya yanke su. Zai fi kyau a yi shi a cikin bazara. Shootsanan harbe ya kamata riga suna da ƙananan asalinsu. Don dasa, yi amfani da ƙananan tukwane tare da ƙasa don tsirrai.
Don girma guzmania daga tsaba, ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari. Dasa kayan za'a iya sayan su ko tattara su daban daban. Kafin dasa shuki yakamata a magance shi da maganin rauni na manganese. An rarraba amfanin gona a ƙasa akan cakuda yashi-peat. An rufe tukunya da fim ko gilashi kuma an bar shi a daki mai yawan zafin jiki na kimanin + 25 ° C. Bayan makonni 3, kananan harbe masu girma suka bayyana, kuma bayan wata guda za'a iya rayuwarsu kuma a dasa su cikin tukwane daban.
Juyin Guzmania
Guzmania baya buƙatar jigilar kayayyaki na yau da kullun. Tushenta mai saurin lalacewa yana da sauƙin lalacewa, don haka kar a lalata da shuka ba dole ba. Sai kawai lokacin da tukunya don daji tare da yara ta zama ƙaramin ɗaya idan mutum zai ɗauki sabon akwati. Siyan mai zurfin kwandon ba lallai ba ne, tunda rhizome yana kan farfajiya. Dole ne a shimfiɗa lokacin farin ciki a ƙarshen tanki. Ana amfani da abubuwa masu zuwa don tattara ƙasa:
- ƙasar turf
- peat;
- ƙwayar sphagnum;
- kogin kogi;
- guda na Pine haushi.
Soilasa ta zama taushi da abinci mai gina jiki. Karka tauye shi sosai lokacin dasawa. Hakanan, kar a zurfafa zurfin mafita.
Kula da tsiro
Indoor guzmania yana buƙatar ɗan kulawa da yau da kullun. Ana taka muhimmiyar rawa ta zaɓin wurin da ya dace don shuka. Ya kamata a sami haske sosai ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Amma guzmania ba zai lalata ta da inuwa ta kashi ba.
Zazzabi iska a cikin shekara ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon + 18 ... + 25 ° C. Sanyaya a ƙasa + 17 ° C yana cutar da shuka. A lokacin rani, zaku iya ɗaukar furanni zuwa gonar da ke da inuwa, amma kuna buƙatar kariyar abin dogaro daga zane-zane.
Guzmania ya zama ruwan dare a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, saboda haka yana buƙatar zafi mai laima. An bada shawara don fesa kambi daga kwalban da aka fesa kullun sannan a yi wanka da shi lokaci-lokaci a ƙarƙashin ruwan wanka. Idan za ta yiwu, tukunyar ya kamata a sanya ta kusa da akwatin kifin, marmaro ko wata hanyar ruwa.
Ya kamata a shayar da Guzmania matsakaici. Yana da kyau a ɗan bushe ƙasa da ruwa a ɗan. Rashin ƙarfi tushen ci gaba sauƙi rot. Don shayarwa, ya kamata ku yi amfani da ruwa mai laushi, ingatacce a zazzabi a ɗakin ko kuma dumama. Ba a zuba ruwa a cikin ƙasa ba, amma a tsakiyar ɗakin ganye.
A lokacin girma girma da fure, kowane 15-20 days, guzmania ya kamata a hadi. Mafi kyawun bayani shine a yi amfani da tsari na musamman don Bromilievs. Ana amfani da takin gargajiya na al'ada a cikin rabin sashi. Ana magance maganin a cikin ruwa kuma ana yayyafa ganyen tsire-tsire tare da shi. Wani sashi na maganin za'a iya zuba shi cikin ƙasa.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Guzmania tare da yawan wuce haddi na ruwa ko dampness a sauƙin fallasa ga cututtukan fungal. Yana da matukar wahala a ajiye tsiron da ya kamu, saboda haka yakamata a bi ka'idodi don kula da shi.
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, scabies, m gizo ko mealybugs bayyana a kan shuka. A cikin iska mai bushe, yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta yana ƙaruwa. Maganin "Actellica" ko kwaro mai kama da wannan a cikin sashi na 2 ml na magani a lita 1 na ruwa yana taimakawa kawar da kwari. Don rigakafin, ana maimaita magani bayan kwanaki 5-7.
