Tsikas dangi ne kamar itacen da ya rayu a zamanin Mesozoic. A shuka nasa ne a gidan Sagovnikovye. Ya zama ruwan dare a Kudancin Japan, Madagascar, Fiji da sauran tsibiran yankin Basif na Pacific. A cikin ƙasar, an girma a gida ko a cikin lambunan hunturu. A waje, cicada tare da ganyayyaki yayi kama da itacen dabino, wanda ya karɓi suna "saga dabino". Hakanan an san shi da sunayen "cicada Revolution" ko "cycas". Yawan shahararsa kwanan nan ya karu sosai. Sakamakon jinkirin girma da yaduwar ganye, shuka yana da kyau a cikin gida da ofis.
Bayanin Botanical
Tsikas shine mai yaduwa, sannu a hankali yana haɓaka tsiro. Tushen tushen sa nau'i ne mai girma. A saman ƙasa akwai babban akwati. Tana da babban katafaren gida da haushi mai kauri. Tsawon tsirrai a cikin yanayi ya kai mita 10, kuma faɗin gangar jikin shine 1-1.5 m A gida, furen cicadas shine 50-200 cm a tsayi. Girma na shekara-shekara na kara ne 2-3 cm kawai .. Ana ƙara kowane yanki na ganye.
An tattara abubuwan buɗe ido a saman gangar jikin. Cirrus da ɗan fure-mai tsiro biyu suna kama da fern fronds. Matasa ganye suna fentin cikin launin shuɗi-kore ko launin shuɗi mai haske. Da farko suna da farar ƙasa, amma sannu a hankali suka zama duhu da wuya. Ganye mai sheki mai sheki ya kai tsawon mil 2-3. Kowane yana rayuwa kimanin shekaru 2-3.
Tsikas wata itaciya ce mai dioecious, watau akwai maza da mata daban-daban. A kan tsire-tsire mata, manyan cones launin ruwan kasa suna kafa a saman gangar jikin. A karkashin yawa sako-sako da Sikeli oblong tsaba tare da santsi fata suna boye. Tsawonsu yakai santimita 3-5. Fulawa daga gidan cicas a gida kusan baya faruwa. Idan cicada ya yi fure, yana yiwuwa a sami tsaba waɗanda suka dace da yaduwa kawai ta hanyar ƙwayar wucin gadi da aikin kula da greenhouse.
Iri Cycas
Fiye da jinsin ɗari biyu suna rajista a cikin asalin halittar cicas. Wasu daga cikinsu sun mutu a tsarin juyin halitta kuma an san shi ne kawai daga binciken masana ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi. A al'adance, ba zaka iya samun sama da nau'in dozin. Kofe masu zuwa sun fi shahara.
Cicas ko Cycas. Dankin yana da gangar jikin bagar har sama da m 3. Farin da ba ya pinnate har zuwa tsayi mita biyu ya ƙunshi madaidaicin layin kore masu duhu. Dama ganye a hankali yana lanqwasa waje, don haka ake kiran nau'ikan a wasu lokuta "lanƙwasa cicada." Rubutun matasa suna zane-zanen wuta kuma an rufe su da gajeren zango. Farantin ganye na manya suna da daskararren maɗaukakkiyar ƙasa. Cones ya kafa a saman tushe. A kan inflorescences na maza, flakes dace denser. Tsawonta shine 70-80 cm tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 15. Matan aure suna rufe gilashin orange kuma suna da faffadar farfajiya.
Tsikas Rumfa. Babban kallo. Gefen sa na iya yin girma da karfe 8-15 zuwa 9. Gwanin ya ƙunshi safa na ganye mai siffa. Kowane petiole 1.8-2 m tsawo yana da kunkuntar fata na fata 30 cm tsayi kuma 2 cm fadi.
Cicas nada. Dankin yana da halin duhu da kauri. A kowane petiole har tsawon tsayi mita biyu, akwai kimanin sittin duhu na duhu. Kowannensu shine 20-25 cm tsayi kuma 1.5 cm fadi.
Tsikas Siamese - ƙaramin tsari tare da harbe ciyawa. Tsawon tsirren tsire-tsire ba ya ƙwanƙwasa 180 cm. Gangar jikin tana da kauri kawai a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren, kuma a saman sa yana kama da karar bakin ciki. Takaddun ganye na ƙasa suna a kan petiole tare da tsawon ba su wuce 1 m ba. An tattara su daga tsakiya zuwa ƙarshe. Tsawon ganye shine cm 8 cm saman farfajiyar ganye yana da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.
Tsikas yana matsakaici. Gangar jikin wannan bishiyar tana iya yin mita 7 daga ƙasa. Samansa an yi wa ado da ganyen ganye. Bayan kulawa ta musamman, ana iya amfani da tsaba na shuka a matsayin abinci.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Sake bugun cicas yana yiwuwa ne da taimakon tsaba ko yara. Tun da kusan kusan ba zai yiwu a sami tsaba ba, zaku iya siyan su a cikin shago na musamman. Yana da mahimmanci a saka idanu akan lokacin karewa, tunda bayan shekaru 1-2, an rage ƙwayar ƙasa. Kafin dasawa, ana girbe tsaba a rana cikin ruwa mai ɗumi. Bayan haka, suna rarraba a cikin tukunya tare da rigar perlite. Ba lallai ba ne don zurfafa tsaba da ƙarfi, kawai danna su kaɗan a cikin ƙasa. An sanya kwandon a cikin wuri mai haske tare da zafin jiki na iska ba ƙasa da + 25 ° C. Ana amfani da ƙasa kamar yadda ya zama dole. Harbe yana bayyana bayan watanni 1-1.5. Lokacin da aƙalla guda ganye na gaske ya bayyana a kan tsire-tsire, ana watsa su a hankali zuwa cikin tukwane masu matsakaici, a cikin ƙasa don tsirrai.
Wani lokaci kara harbe yana bayyana akan ciccas ɗin manya. Irin wannan tsari ya kamata a yanke shi da wuka mai kaifi, tare da yin taka tsantsan don kada ya lalata shuka mahaifiyar. All ganye an cire daga stalk. Ana amfani da ƙananan sashin da yankin da ya lalace na shuka ya fara da maganin kashe-kashe sannan a lalata da gawayi. Rooting ne yake a cikin rigar perlite. Rike cuttings a cikin gumi mai zafi tare da zafin jiki na + 30 ° C. Yana da mahimmanci don kare shuka daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Tsarin tushen zai iya ɗaukar watanni 4-9. Lokacin da Tushen ya girma kuma sababbin ganye suka fara bayyana, ana iya dasa cicada cikin tukunyar ƙasa.
Shuka dasa
Ana yin jujjuyawar cicasus kowane shekara 2-3. An shirya hanya don bazara ko bazara. Idan yara ganye suka fara bayyana, ya kamata a jinkirta lokacin. An zaɓi tukunya don cicas kadan mafi fadi fiye da na baya. Yakamata ya kasance mai zurfi kuma tsayayye.
Shouldasa ta zama mai ɗan acidic, haske da rijiya mai sauƙi. Yana da mahimmanci don hana alkalin ƙasa, in ba haka ba abubuwan sha na rhizome za su sake amfani da abubuwan gina jiki. Ya kamata a sanya kayan magudana ba kawai a ƙasan tukunyar ba, har ma a cikin ƙasa kanta. Kuna iya amfani da ƙasa mai dausayi, wanda aka haɗe tare da ƙananan pebbles da yashi.
Dokoki don kulawa da gida
Kula da cicas a gida yana buƙatar ƙara ƙoƙari. Dankin ya dace da lambu tare da ƙwarewar matsakaici.
Haske Itace mai girma yana buƙatar tsananin haske. Ba ya tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye. Don sanya jeri, windows windows ta kudu sun dace. A cikin hunturu, ana buƙatar ƙarin haske don samar da dabino tare da hasken rana na sa'o'i 12-14. Idan hasken bai isa ba, ƙaramin ganye zai daina haɓakawa. Zasu iya jujjuya launin rawaya ko bushe gaba ɗaya.
Zazzabi Tsikas ya iya jure zafi mai zafi sosai. A lokacin rani, ana bada shawarar shuka yadda za a sami iska mai kyau. Ana iya sa shi a kan wuri mai haske, amma sannu a hankali saba da sabon yanayi. A cikin hunturu, ana bada shawara don rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa + 12 ... + 17 ° C. Lokacin da aka girma a cikin ƙasa buɗe, furen zai iya jure hunturu-gajere, amma wani ɓangare na ganye ya faɗi.
Watse. Tsikas yana tsayayya da fari. Tsakanin watering, kasar gona ya kamata ya bushe rabi ko cikakke. Bayan wannan, ana shayar da tsire-tsire da ruwan dumi, tsarkakakken ruwa. Tunda ƙasa tayi sauri ta wuce ruwa, ana bada shawara ta shayar da shi matakai biyu tare da tazara tsakanin mintuna da yawa. Bayan ban ruwa, ana zubar da duk ruwa mai yawa daga sump.
Taki. Ana yin suturar miya daga watan Afrilu zuwa Oktoba. Don karɓar takin mai magani, cicasus yana buƙatar zafin wuta sosai. Sai kawai a ƙarƙashin haskoki kai tsaye na rana lokacin rani shuka ya sami damar ɗaukar cikakken adadin takin ma'adinai. Tare da isasshen hasken wuta, ana amfani da rabi ko rubu'in amfani. Don cicas, rashin saman miya ya fi kyau fiye da ragi.
Cutar da kwari. Tsikas yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari. Sai kawai tare da kulawa mara kyau na dogon lokaci zai iya fama da lalacewa da ƙira. Na kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayar cuta ta damu da sikelin kwari, mealybug da ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo. Magungunan kwari na zamani zasu taimaka wajen kawar da cututtukan fata da sauri.
