Dolichos gungumen daji ne mai tsalle-tsalle na tsalle daga dangin legume. Homelandazanta isin ƙasarta shine tsiro da mayukan Yankin Gabashin Afirka. A cikin yankuna inda sanyi ba sa faruwa a lokacin hunturu, dolichos na iya yin girma shekaru da yawa, amma a yawancin yankuna na Rasha ana girma a matsayin amfanin gona na shekara-shekara. Vinean itacen inabi mai ƙarfi yana buɗewa mai ɗamara mai yawa wanda zaka iya ɓoye gine-ginen da ba a sani ko shinge ba, kazalika da adon ruwa. Kyawawan furannin ta na Lilac mai ban sha'awa da adon furanni masu ban sha'awa kayan ado ne. Hakanan ana iya cin abincin Dolichos, ana shirya abinci mai daɗi da abinci mai gina jiki daga "baƙar fata".
Bayanin Botanical
Dolichos wani yanki ne mai iska wanda ke lalacewa tare da rhizome mai laushi. Ya ƙunshi hanyoyin da aka tsara da igiyar tare da ƙananan hatimi tare da tsawon duka. Dogo, harbe mai dan kadan yayi girma a matsakaita tsawon mita 3-4, kodayake akwai samfurori masu tsayi har zuwa tsawon 10. Tsawancin yana rufe da haushi mai launin ruwan kasa-ja. Harbe ba su da antennae, sun hau kan goyan baya, suna jujjuya shi ba agogo.
Tare da tsawon tsawon itacen inabi babban fure ne. Tana da siffar zuciya da taushi, layin fata. Bar ganye masu duhu ne. M kullun majiyoyi suna kasancewa tare da tsakiyar jijiya.
Ganyen Dolichos a tsakiyar watan Yuli. Dogayen gogewa da yawa suna fitowa a ƙarshen harbe ko a cikin axils na ganye masu apical. Sun ƙunshi manyan furen furanni na dukkan kayan gargajiya da kuma nuna ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙanshi. A daya inflorescence na iya zama har zuwa 40 buds. Petals an fentin su cikin fararen-rawaya ko ruwan hoda-purple. Fitar kowane goga yana wuce kwanaki 20. Suna maye gurbin juna koyaushe, don haka dolichos zai faranta muku furanni har sai sanyi na farko.
Bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itacen an ɗaure - manyan faifai masu tsayi tare da wake 2-4. Tsawon kwalin ya kasance cm 5-6. Yana jan hankali da doguwar daskararren shuɗi mai haske kuma yana iya yin gasa da kyau tare da furanni. Daren wake masu launin baki da farin tabo tare da kashin baya. Suna da kyau kuma ana iya amfani dasu azaman abinci.
Iri Dolichos
A cikin yanayin halitta, a Indiya da Gabashin Afirka, kusan nau'in dolichos 70 ke tsiro. A Rasha, kawai dolichos vulgarisHakanan ana kiranta "curly lilac". Dalilin haka shine lilac stains akan furanni, itacen inabi da ganye. Dangane da wannan nau'in, nau'in kayan ado da yawa ana bred:
- Wakar ruwan hoda. A iri-iri sosai kama da m harbe na Lilac. Vine har zuwa tsawon m 4 an rufe shi da manyan ganye mai kamannin zuciya da launin kore mai haske. Daga cikin ciyawar kore, dogon lilac inflorescences fure. M, wake mai launin shuɗi mai duhu ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen kaka kuma yana iya nunawa ko da a ƙarshen asalin dusar ƙanƙara na fari.
Wakar Rana - Kudin garland. Harbi na iya girma 6 a tsayi. An rufe su da manya-manyan ganye da tsayi, kamar garuruwa kamar kare. Furen an yi masa fenti da shuɗi mai haske. Sun dace da yankan kuma zasu tsaya na dogon lokaci a cikin kayan ado.
Kudin garland - Lilac cascade. Dankin yana da ɗan gajeren hankali, amma an sha shi sosai a cikin ɓauren. Ana amfani dashi sau da yawa don shimfidar shimfidar wuri da baranda. Fulawa da 'ya'yan itace ba su da yawa, amma liana tana da tsayayyiyar sanyi da ƙanƙara mai sanyi.
Lilac cascade - Dolichos lablab (lobia). Tsarin ya girma a gindin Kilimanjaro. Rassanta sun kai m 3-5 a tsayi kuma suna ba da hanyoyin tafiyar matakai da yawa. Daga cikin duhu-mai launin shuɗi-ganye foliage akwai tsefewar inflorescences. A buds sune lilac ko shunayya. Bayan pollination, ana kirkirar wake tare da wavy surface. Suna dauke da tsaba ko kuma zagaye.
Dolichos lablab
Hanyoyin kiwo
A cikin al'ada, dolichos yana yaduwa ta iri iri kawai. Yanke ko daskararru na keɓewa mai yiwuwa ne kawai tare da narkar da dogon lokaci kuma yana buƙatar ƙoƙari sosai. Tsaba za a iya shuka nan da nan a buɗe ƙasa. Suna yin wannan a cikin Mayu, amma seedlings suna girma zuwa dogon lokaci kuma da farko haɓaka a hankali. A sakamakon haka, fure na iya faruwa a ƙarshen watan Agusta kuma ba zai daɗe ba. Wake da marigayi flowering ripen talauci, don haka za ku iya rasa tsaba na nan gaba plantings.
Don hana irin waɗannan matsaloli, ana bada shawara don fara shuka seedlings. A farkon Maris, kafin shuka, da wake ya kamata a scarified, wato, lalata m kwasfa. To danshi zai iya kusan zuwa amfrayo. Don yin wannan, ana baƙar fata fatar tayi tare da fayil ɗin ƙusa, wuƙa ko yi aya da yawa tare da allura. A ƙarƙashin farin tabo ne amfrayo kanta, wanda ba za a iya lalata ba. Sannan zaku iya jiƙa wake a rana ɗaya cikin ruwan sanyi. Don kada su zama acidic, ajiye tsaba a cikin firiji.
Don dasa shuki amfani da kwalaye ko mutum peat tukwane tare da cakuda ƙasa sheet, peat da yashi. An bada shawara don ƙara ɗan adadin gawayi da alli ga cakuda ƙasa. Ya kamata a binne tsaba 2-3 cm tare da nisan 4-5 cm .. Ana ajiye tukunya a cikin wuri mai haske a zazzabi baya ƙasa da + 20 ° C. Isasa tana daɗaɗa yanayi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. A ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Domin kada ya lalata tsarin tushen, ya kamata a yi dashi tare da dunƙule na ƙasa. Tsakanin tsire-tsire suna tsayayya da nisa na 20 cm cm Dole ne a kula da tallafin kai tsaye, wanda liana zai iya hawa.
Noma da kulawa
Kula da dolichos abu ne mai sauki. Plantungiyar ta fi son buɗewa, yankuna masu kyau. Tare da rashin hasken rana, harbe-harben zai yi girma a hankali kuma ya zama rawaya. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine + 20 ... + 30 ° C. Ya kamata a guji yin amfani da wuraren da ke da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan iska mai ƙarfi, saboda dolichos tsire-tsire ne mai sanyin zafi.
A ƙasa domin creepers ya kamata sako-sako, m da kuma tsaka tsaki acidity. Kafin dasa, tono ƙasa kuma ƙara yanki na ganye humus ko mullein. Nura mai wuce haddi a cikin ƙasa yana contraindicated.
Dolichos yana ƙaunar m ruwa. Ana jika shi sau 2-3 a sati tare da karamin ruwa. A cikin tsananin zafi more yawan ruwa ake bukata. Soilasa ta kamata ya bushe kawai a farfajiya, amma ya kamata a kyale ƙurar danshi. Don mafi kyau shiga cikin iska zuwa tushen, ya kamata ka sassauta ƙasa da ciyawa akai-akai.
A lokacin girma girma da fure, dolichos yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da gidaje tare da babban abun cikin phosphorus ("Superphosphate"). Ana amfani da takin da ya bushe akan ƙasa sau 1-2 a wata.
Kusa da hanyar liana, ya zama dole a sanya tallafi tare da tsayin akalla 2 m. Domin hanyoyin a kaikaice su fito, dole ne a sanya shi lokaci-lokaci.
Dolichos yana da tsayayya wa cuta, duk da haka mildew mai ɗan ƙarami ko ganyen ganyayyaki na iya haɓakawa a cikin lokacin farin ciki. Don kare itacen inabi daga cututtuka, ya wajaba a zabi wuri mai ruwa da kuma wurin da ke samun iska mai dasa shuki. Wani lokaci aphids, nematodes, caterpillars zauna a kan harbe da ganye. Daga cikin kwari, ana iya maganin kwari.
Dolichos a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Dolichos ya dace don yin ado da katanga, arbor, fences da gine-ginen gona har zuwa tsayi 4. M Duk tsawon lokacin, yana jan hankali da ganye mai haske, fure mai yawa da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban mamaki. A kan irin wannan bango mai ban mamaki, lambun fure tare da ƙananan tsire-tsire zai fi kyau kyau. Mafi kyawun maƙwabta don dolichos sune dahlias, peonies, tulips da clematis. Idan kayi ƙoƙari kaɗan, itacen zaitaccen mai sassauƙi na iya kwantar da kowane tushe kuma ya sami sassaka mai zane a tsakiyar farfajiyar.
Ba za a iya dasa shuka ba kawai a gonar ba, har ma a kan veranda ko baranda. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da bututun mai. Adana dolichos a cikin hunturu a wannan yanayin zai sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙe.
Yin amfani da dafa abinci
'Ya'yan itatuwa na Dolichos suna da yawa a cikin sitaci da furotin. Idan aka kwatanta da wake, suna da mafi kyawun tsari da dandano mai laushi. Ba za a iya amfani da girgima mara ƙwaya ko wake ba a matsayin abinci. Farantin da aka gama zai cika da ƙamshi mai kamshi, ƙanshin yaji. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa na Dolichos a cikin salads, abinci a gefe, miya. Ana iya haɗa su tare da kayan lambu, abincin teku, kifi da shinkafa. Suna gamsar da yunwa kuma suna maimaita ƙarfi. Ana amfani da adon wake a cikin maganin gabashin don dawo da narkewar abinci da yaƙi cututtuka na ciki.
