Orlyak kyakkyawa ne na zamanin Fern, dangin Dennshtedtievy. Wannan kyakkyawan shuka an san shi don ba adon lambun da gida kawai ba, amma kuma an yi amfani dashi don abinci da kuma don magance cututtuka da dama. Bracken ya sami sunan ta sau uku, wanda yayi kama da reshen gaggafa. Wasu mutane sun banbanta baƙaƙen Yesu Kiristi a wani sashi na tushe, don haka ana iya samun bracken a ƙarƙashin sunan "Yesu Grass." An rarraba Fern cikin yadu a cikin gandun daji da tudu na Turai, Siberiya da Gabashin Far. Anan ana tattara shi akai-akai kuma ana girbe shi don amfanin nan gaba. Domin kada ku je daji don ferns, zaku iya shuka kyawawan bushes da amfani akan shafin ku. Kula da su abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma kambi mai bazawa yana haɓaka da sauri.
Bayanin Botanical
Orlyak shine tsire-tsire na herbaceous perenni 30-100 cm Tsarin tushen tushe mai ƙarfi yana tasowa ta fuskoki daban-daban. Rhizome yana kwance a kwance, daga abin da matasa harbe suke fitowa a shekara. Tsarin tafiya na tafiya zurfi yayi zurfi cikin ƙasa kuma yana ciyar da shuka. Zasu iya dagewa bayan gobara ko wasu bala'i. Godiya ga wadannan tushen, bracken na iya aminta cikin aminci wuri guda na daruruwan shekaru.
A farkon bazara, matasa harbe suka fito daga ƙasa. Suna zaune daban-daban a nesa na 10 cm daga juna. Ana fallasa farfajiyar harbi, kuma sashi na farko yana mai da farko daidai da sifar sawu. Daga baya, farantin takardar ya fito daga ciki. Sau biyu da fure mai tsayayye suna fitar da wani ƙanshin. M duhu kore lobes suna taso keya a fi. A gindin ƙananan ganyayyaki nectaries. Daga cikin waɗannan, ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ƙanshi mai daɗi wanda ya jawo hankalin tururuwa.
Sorasararrun baƙin da suke ciki suna kasancewa ta hanyar iyaka tare da gefen takardar kuma an ɓoye ta ta hanyar murfin canvas. Spores ya girma ta Yuli-Agusta, amma ba sa bayyana akan ganyayyaki kowace shekara. Cikakke cikakke yana buɗewa daban da ƙananan, tsaba masu zagaye sun zubo. Iska tana dauke su ta hanyar nisan nisan nesa.
Yawancin botanists sunyi la'akari da asalin halittar bracken da yake monotypic kuma sun haɗa jinsi daya kawai a ciki - bracken gama gari. A cewar wasu masana kimiyya, har yanzu akwai kusan nau'ikan iri guda. Dukkansu sun yi kama da juna. Yawancin nau'in ferns wannan nau'in halitta sun zama ruwan dare a cikin yanayin halitta kuma ba a yin su.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Kiwo kiwo shine yake haifar da tazara ko rarraba daji. Don tattara spores, ya zama dole a watan Satumba don yanke takarda tare da sihiri, bushe shi kuma shafa kan spores akan takarda tare da cokali. Bayan bushewa, ana saka kayan iri a cikin jakar takarda kuma a adana har hunturu. A cikin Janairu, an shirya akwatuna tare da ƙasa peat. Isasa ta jike, sannan an zuba ƙananan tsaba a farfajiya. An rufe tukunya da gilashi kuma a sanya shi a cikin ɗaki mai dumi, mai haske. Sanya iska da feshin amfanin gona yau da kullun. Bayan makonni 8, an rufe saman ƙasa da ƙanshin kore. Yanzu ana iya cire tsari saboda isar da iskar oxygen zuwa ga shuki. Shuke seedlings an dasa shi a cikin kananan tukwane. A watan Afrilu-Mayu, bracken yana shirye don dasawa zuwa cikin filin bude.
Rarraba daji ana daukar shi mafi sauki kuma mafi ingancin hanyar haifuwa. The girma fern yana da haɓakar rhizome, wanda ke murmurewa da sauri bayan pruning da dasawa. A tsakiyar bazara, lokacin sanyi na yau da kullun sun kasance a baya, ya kamata ku tono sama da bracken rhizome. An raba shi zuwa sassan tare da kodan 1-2. Delenki tsari a wuraren yanke crushed gawayi kuma nan da nan dasa a cikin m ƙasa. A cikin yanayin halitta, kowane ɓangaren rhizome, lokacin haƙa, yana da ikon huɗawa, don haka ana ɗaukar fatar a cikin aikin gona da wuya a kawar da shi. Ba shi yiwuwa a yadu da wannan dabi'ar ta fern tare da taimakon cut.
Dokokin Kulawa
Bracken tsire ne wanda ba a fassara shi ba. Ya dace da girma a cikin gidan ko a cikin filin budewa. Lokacin da kake siyan fan tsofaffi, ya kamata ka kula da bayyanar. Ya kamata ya kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali, ba tare da bushewa da launin shuɗi ba. Fushin da aka sayo na rana an barshi shi kadai a wuri mai inuwa, sannan a watsa shi.
Juyawa Orlyak dasa shi da wuya. Tsire-tsire na lambu ba sa buƙatar wannan hanyar kwata-kwata, kuma ana dasa tsire-tsire na cikin gida kowace shekara 3-5. Ana yin wannan ne lokacin da tsohuwar tukunya ta cika da cunkoso. An zaɓi sabon damar mai zurfi kuma mafi karko. Yawancin manyan duwatsun dole ne a sanya su a ƙasan, to, ana pebbles, kuma kawai sai an zuba ƙasa.
Kasar gona. Orlyak fi son haske, matsakaici m kasa. A kan loams, zai yi girma mafi muni. Cakuda peat, yashi da ƙeƙasasshiyar ƙasa ya dace. Kafin dasa shuki a gonar, ana bada shawarar yin tono ƙasa sannan kuma yayi mahimman yashi, kwakwalwan bulo da tsakuwa. Kasancewar lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa yana da tasirin gaske akan haɓakar shuka.
Haske Zai fi kyau shuka faranti bracken a cikin inuwar ɓangaren gonar. Don tsire-tsire na cikin gida, zaɓi ɗakunan arewa ko kiyaye kambi a hankali daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A wannan yanayin, inuwa ta kore zata zama mai cike da haske. Amma a rana, ganye sukan haskaka da zama cikakke.
Zazzabi Matsakaicin zafin jiki don haɓakar ƙwayar cuta shine + 10 ... + 25 ° C. Ba lallai ba ne don ƙirƙirar takamaiman yanayin yau da kullun ko yanayi. Don lokacin bazara, zaku iya sanya gidan shuki a cikin lambu, a wani wuri da aka kiyaye shi daga zane ko kuma iska mai ƙarfi. A cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar sanya tukunya gaba da radiators. A cikin bude ƙasa, kullun kwancen baka ba tare da tsari ba. Vayi ya faɗi, kuma rhizome ya faɗi zurfin isa ya ɓoye daga tsananin sanyi.
Haushi. All ferns fi son babban zafi. Suna buƙatar spraying kullun na kambi. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da tsarkakakken ruwa, wanda ba zai bar magudanar lemun tsami a cikin ganyayyaki ba. Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya sanya pallets tare da ɗigon pebbles kusa da tukwane ko dasa shuka a kan titi, kusa da rafuffuka da tafkuna.
Watse. Soilasa a ƙarƙashin sandar ƙarfe ya kamata koyaushe ya kasance mai laushi. A 'yar karamar bushewa na kasar gona, ya kamata a jika shi. Yana da mahimmanci a hana tsauraran ruwa akai-akai a tushen. A cikin hunturu, an rage yawan ruwa.
Taki. Takin takunkumi ya kamata ya zama matsakaici. An fara yin riguna na farko a bazara, tare da narkar da harbe-harbe. Yi amfani da hadaddun ma'adinai don ferns. Furtherari, ya isa don ƙara adadin takin da aka nuna akan kunshin kowane wata.
Cutar da kwari. Bracken yana da tsayayya da cuta, amma yana fama da hare-haren m. Mafi sau da yawa, thrips, sikelin kwari, whiteflies zauna a kan m harbe. Abubuwan da ake kashe kwari suna taimakawa wajen kawar da kwari. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci kada ku wuce sashi don kar ku cutar da shuka.
Tsarin sunadarai na fern
Orlyak ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu aiki, a cikinsu:
- sunadarai;
- bitamin (C, E, rukunin B);
- abubuwanda aka gano (magnesium, alli, potassium, manganese, aidin, sulfur, phosphorus, iron);
- glycosides;
- saponins;
- flavonoids;
- sitaci;
- tannin.
Abubuwa masu amfani a cikin matsakaicin adadin da ke kunshe a cikin harbe matasa. Lokacin da ganyayyaki suka fara girma kuma suka fara girma, aka cika sinadarin da cyanides da hydrocyanic acid.
Dokokin Girbi Kayan Abinci
An tattara Bracken a tsakiyar bazara. A cikin mutane, siginar don tarinta sune fure na fure na kwarin ko zubar da ƙwayayen fure. Idan matasa harbe suka karya sauƙi, ana iya girbe su. Da zaran sun sami ƙarfi kuma suka fara lanƙwasa a sauƙaƙe, tarin kayan masarufi ya tsaya. Matsakaicin tsayi da mai tushe tare da murfin murfin shine 20-25 cm, kauri shine 5-15 mm. An yanke su a gindi kuma an cakuɗe su. Ba lallai ba ne a datsa gabaɗaya daji don fern ya ci gaba da bunƙasa.
Ko da yanke mai tushe ana kwance su, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci aiwatarwa a cikin awanni 3-12 na farko. Mafi sau da yawa, kayan da aka tattara suna salim kuma ana amfani dasu don abinci. Hakanan zaka iya bushe ɗanyen a cikin iska na tsawon kwanaki 1-2. Shuka wanda aka shirya ta wannan hanyar za'a iya amfani dashi duk shekara. A cikin magungunan jama'a, ban da harbe, suna amfani da tushen bushewar bracken, ana iya adanar shi shekaru da yawa.
Bracken yana da gishiri a cikin tubs, inda ake saƙaƙƙun yakunan a cikin yadudduka. Kowane Layer an yayyafa shi da gishiri. Jimlar adadinta daidai take da kwata na adadin albarkatun ƙasa. An tsayar da zalunci a saman kuma an bar bracken har tsawon makonni 2-3. Bayan ajalin da aka ƙayyade, an cire zalunci kuma an zartar da brine. A mataki na biyu, an shimfiɗa matsanancin sama, an zuba fern tare da brine. Ana amfani da gishiri sau 5 ƙasa da taro na albarkatun ƙasa. Sama an sanya zalunci kuma an bar shi sati guda.
Kafin amfani, da harbe ya kamata a soaked a cikin wani ruwa mai kyau na 7 hours, sa'an nan kuma tafasa na 5 da minti. Yanzu ana iya amfani da fern don yin salads ko ƙara zuwa wasu jita-jita.
Brack a magani
A cikin magungunan jama'a, an yi amfani da bracken tun zamanin da. Broths an shirya su daga busassun harbe da asalinsu, wanda ke taimakawa magance wannan cututtuka kamar:
- amai
- zawo
- kasancewar tsutsotsi;
- rikicewar juyayi;
- ya raunana rigakafi;
- ciwon kai
- cututtuka na numfashi;
- hauhawar jini
Centarnar da suka gabata, anyi amfani da bracken a Turai don magance rheumatism, amosanin gabbai da cramps. Kyakkyawan fata ne, mai ƙarfi da haɓaka. Yin amfani da fern harbe cire radionuclides daga jiki, ƙara danniya juriya, normalizes metabolism da kuma inganta ikon sake farfadowa da jikin mutum.
Yana da mahimmanci a san ma'aunin kuma a kiyaye ƙa'idodin farilla. Koda ƙananan harbe suna dauke da ƙaramin ƙwayar cuta da zasu iya tarawa a cikin jiki. Hakanan, magani tare da fern yana contraindicated a cikin mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa, yara da mutanen da ke fama da cutar hawan jini.
Yin amfani da dafa abinci
A yawancin yankuna na ƙasarmu, da na duniya baki ɗaya, bracken fern ya kasance cikakken kayan abinci. An cilla shi sosai ta gaba. A cikin shekarun da aka jingina, shuka ya taimaka don guje wa yunwar, sun maye gurasa. Bayan salting, harbe suna dandana kamar namomin kaza, kodayake wasu suna kwatanta su da bishiyar asparagus.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa an hana mai tushe abinci ci. Ya kamata a gasa su, a saka su a dafa. Sai bayan magani mai zafi kawai kara zai zama cinyewa.
Ba'a amfani da Bracken koyaushe a cikin nau'in gishiri. A Jafanan, ana shirya shirye-shiryen maciji, kayan kwalliya da sauran abubuwan ban sha'awa. A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, ana ƙara yankakken harbe da tushen brak a cikin burodin yin burodi, abincin teku, salati da biredi. Ganyayyaki suna hana yin juyawa, saboda haka suna canza kayan lambu yayin ajiya a cikin hunturu.
