Chrysalidocarpus (Areca) tsirrai ne na zamani wanda ke da ganye mai kyau kamar ganye. Koyaya, sabanin dabino na yau da kullun, yawancin nau'ikan cikin gida basu da gangar jikin magana. Yawancin ciyawa mai tushe suna girma daga ƙasa a lokaci guda, suna samar da m, amma lokacin farin ciki. Don wannan fasalin, ana kiran chrysalidocarpus "dabino mai kaya." Dankin yana cikin dangin Palm kuma ana rarraba shi a Madagascar, da kuma a Oceania da Tropical Asia. A cikin al'adun daki, dabino ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. Abu ne mai sauki mu lura da ita da kuma sanya ido sosai. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan suna ba ka damar zaɓar tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa.
Bayanin Botanical
Halittar chrysalidocarpus tana hade da tsirrai guda-ɗaya ko tsire-tsire. A cikin yanayin halitta, zasu iya girma mita 6-10 zuwa tsayi, amma samfuran cikin gida basa wuce 50-200 cm. A kan kowane reshe akwai nau'i-nau'i 40-60 na kunkuntar-lanceolate lobes. Farantin kore mai launin duhu yana da gefuna mai santsi da ƙarshen ƙare. Itace dabino yana tasowa a hankali. Girma na shekara yana kusan cm 15-30. Bugu da ƙari, daji yana faɗaɗawa duk shekara saboda yawancin matakai na tushe.
Yawo yana faruwa a watan Mayu-Yuni, amma, samfuran cikin gida da ƙyar ba furanni da furanni. A cikin ganye sinuses paniculate inflorescences an kafa, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan, furanni rawaya na duka jinsi. A sakamakon kai pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen - rawaya taso keya berries. Kowane Berry ya ƙunshi iri. Tsaba suna da guba, amfaninsu yana haifar da ci gaban tumbi da koda ciwon ciki.
Iri Chrysalidocarpus
Botanists suna lissafin kusan nau'in 20 na chrysalidocarpus. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
Chrysalidocarpus yana launin rawaya. Itataccen tsire-tsire mai tushe daga ginin yana ba da damar a kaikaice, dasa harbe. Matasan itace tare da petioles ana fentin surar launin shuɗi-kore. Bã su da santsi, mottled surface. Kowane ganye yana girma har zuwa mita 2 Tsawon faɗin waya yana 80 cm 80. Har zuwa nau'i nau'i na ganye ganye 60 suna kan filayen ario. Axwararren ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ne mai launin goge tare da ƙananan furanni rawaya.
Chrysalidocarpus uku-stamen. Dankin yana bunƙasa madaidaiciya ganye da ke girma daga ƙasa. A gida, yana da damar isa 3 m tsawo. Farantin takardar faranti suna daɗe da daɗewa kuma suna da elongated. A lokacin furanni, a wajen mai yawa inflorescence tare da m lemun tsami ƙanshi blooms.
Madagascar Itace dabino yana da sifar bishiyar gargajiya tare da akwati ɗaya. An ɗan faɗaɗa gangar jikin kwandon kuma an rufe shi da laushi mai laushi mai laushi. Tsawon itacen ya kai mita 9 a yanayi. Fuskar mai cirus mai yawa tana zanen duhu kore. Tsawon tserewar tsere tsere shine 50-60 cm.
Chrysalidocarpus catechu (Betel dabino). Mashahurin mashahuri ne tare da babban akwati guda da tsayi, madaidaiciya ganye. A cikin yanayin, akwati yana da tsawon 20 m kuma faɗin cm 50. Ganyayyaki mai cike da kewayawa ya zama kambi mai launi na launin shuɗi mai duhu. Yawancin nau'in ana shuka su a kudu a cikin lambuna don yin ado da yankin. Flowing da fruiting ne sosai rare.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Chrysalidocarpus yana yaduwa ta hanyar shuka iri ko dasa tushen ayyukan. Kowace hanya tana da sauƙi kuma yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. An shuka ƙwayar Chrysalidocarpus a farkon bazara, lokacin da hasken rana ya fara ƙaruwa. Kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a tsoma su cikin ruwa mai sanyi (30 ° C) na kwanaki 2-4. Sannan an rarraba tsaba a cikin akwatuna tare da yashi mai laushi da ƙasa na peat zuwa zurfin 1.5-2 cm. lingsayoyin suna bayyana bayan watanni 3-4. Ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin ɗakunan da ke da hasken wuta a zazzabi + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Lokacin da ganye na farko na farko ya bayyana, ana dasa shuki a cikin tukwane daban-daban tare da diamita har zuwa 12 cm.
A kan aiwatar da haɓaka yawancin nau'ikan cikin gida, ana kafa tushen tushe. An haɗa su da tsire-tsire na mahaifiyar, amma suna da asalinsu. A cikin bazara, ya zama dole don rarrabe kan tsarin a gefe tare da ruwa mai kaifi. An yanke wurin da aka yanke tare da gawayi da yaji, bayan haka an dasa shukar matasa a cikin ƙaramin tukunya daban. A lokacin bazara da bazara, seedling zai yi ƙarfi sosai kuma zai fara sabon ganye da harbe.
Dokokin Canje-canje
Chrysalidocarpus baya son jigilar yara, saboda haka ba a cika yi su ba, yayin da rhizome ke girma. Yakamata a yi amfani da coma na ƙura don guje wa lalacewar Tushen bakin ciki. Don dasa shuki, zaɓi tukunya tare da ramuka na magudanar ruwa, a ƙasa wanda aka saukar da lokacin farin ciki na yumɓu mai laushi. Wannan kayan yana ɗaukar danshi mai yawa lokacin ban ruwa kuma zai ba shi yadda ƙasa ta bushe.
Kasar chrysalidocarpus tana buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki da haske, yakamata ya ƙunshi:
- ƙasar turf (2 sassa);
- humus-sheet ƙasa (2 sassa);
- peat (1 bangare);
- tarar da taki (1 bangare);
- yashi (1 bangare);
- gawayi (sassan 0.5).
Bayan dasawa, ya zama dole a shayar da shuka sosai kuma a bar shi a cikin ɗaki mai haske mai yaduwar haske.
Girma Sirrin
An san Chrysalidocarpus a matsayin tsire-tsire marasa fassara, mai sauƙin kulawa. Koyaya, ɗan gogewa zai amfana da mai girki kuma yayi kulawa da dabino ya zama mai daɗi da sauƙi.
Haske Chrysalidocarpus yana buƙatar haske mai haske, an yarda da hasken rana kai tsaye akan kambi. A cikin zafi mai ƙarfi, wajibi ne don inuwar kambi daga faɗuwar rana ko kuma sanya iska cikin ɗaki sau da yawa. Babu irin wannan matsalar a cikin sabon iska. A cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar sake shirya itacen dabino a cikin dakin da yake fiɗa, kuma idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da fitilun fitila.
Zazzabi Matsakaicin iska mai kyau ga shuka shine + 22 ... + 25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, zaku iya rage wannan adadi zuwa + 16 ° C, amma ba ƙasa ba. Ba lallai ba ne don ƙirƙirar canjin yanayin zazzabi; amma chrysalidocarpus bashi da lokacin hutawa.
Haushi. Itace dabino yana buƙatar babban zafi (60% ko fiye). Ya kamata a fesa a kai a kai kuma a ajiye shi kusa da maɓallin ruwa. A cikin hunturu, yana da daraja matsar da shuka daga dumama radiators. A cikin yanayin zafi, ana wanke ganyen a cikin shawa sau biyu a wata. A cikin hunturu, ana aiwatar da irin wannan hanyar a mafi yawan lokuta ko kuma a cire gaba ɗaya. Idan wanka ba zai yiwu ba, ya kamata a tsabtace ganye daga ƙura tare da zane mai laushi.
Watse. Chrysalidocarpus yana buƙatar yawan amfani da ruwa. Yataccen murfin ya kamata ya bushe 2-3 cm, ya danganta da tukunyar tukunyar. A cikin hunturu, ana rage ruwa, yana barin ƙasa ta bushe zuwa rabi. Ana amfani da ruwan mai taushi da ƙoshin lafiya. Yanayin sa ya kamata ya zama digiri na 1-2 sama da yawan zafin jiki.
Taki. Ana buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki na Chrysalidocarpus a duk shekara. Kuna iya amfani da mahaɗan ma'adinai don tsirrai na fure ko itacen dabino. A Afrilu-Oktoba, diluted taki ana amfani da ƙasa sau biyu a wata, sauran lokacin kamar takin daya a wata ya isa.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Chrysalidocarpus bai yarda da damp da stagnation na ruwa a cikin ƙasa ba. Sakamakon kulawa mara kyau, tushen rot ko kamuwa da fungal a cikin ganyayyaki na iya haɓaka. Da farko, ƙananan aibobi launin ruwan kasa da sannu-sannu zasu haɓaka kuma suka kamu da tsire-tsire baki ɗaya. Don shawo kan naman gwari, ya zama dole a datsa wuraren da abin ya shafa da kuma yin ƙasa kuma harbi jiyya tare da maganin kashe ƙwaro.
Wani lokaci akan itacen dabino, musamman a cikin sararin sama, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, mealybugs da aphids sun zauna. Ana iya cire parasites ta hanyar magani tare da maganin barasa. Tare da kushin auduga a cikin ruwa, shafa kambi da harbe. Hanya mafi sauri kuma mafi inganci don magance cututtukan kwari shine maganin guba. Ya isa ya fesa shuka sannan za a sami kwari da yawa. Don lalata larvae, ana maimaita spraying sau biyu tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 5-7.
Wani lokaci chrysalidocarpus tare da bayyanarsa yana nuna kurakurai cikin kulawa:
- tukwicin ganye yakan bushewa - iska a cikin dakin ta bushe sosai;
- ganye juya launin rawaya - mai yawa mai haske ko isasshen ruwa;
- launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyayyaki da harbe - alamun rot saboda tururuwa na ruwa a cikin ƙasa.
Amfani da Shuka
Chrysalidocarpus ya dace daidai da cikin, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin ƙirar sa ba. Ganye mai haske da ganyayyaki masu kyau suna kawo yanayi kusa. An sani cewa tsire-tsire zai iya ɗaukar ruwa mai yawa da sauri, wanda daga baya ya bushe. Sabili da haka, chrysalidocarpus ba kawai gamsar da kyakkyawan bayyanar ba, har ma yana inganta haɓakar iska a cikin gidan. Yana cire vapors na benzene, formaldehyde, kazalika da carbon monoxide.
A gida, tsire-tsire suna amfani da fruitsa fruitsan ta a magungunan mutane. Alkaloids da tannins suna ƙunshe da ɗimbin yawa. Tare da taimakon ɓangaren litattafan almara na berries suna yaƙi da tsutsotsi da gudawa. Koyaya, kar ka manta game da yawan guba na tsaba. Domin kada kuyi kuskure a cikin sashi, yana da kyau kada kuyi amfani da wannan magani a ciki.
