Masu ɗaukar itacen katako - wani liren da ke ɗaure daga lilon daga dangin Bereskletovye. A cikin yanayin halitta, ana iya samunsa a cikin dazuzzukan daji da keɓaɓɓun wurare a duniya. A shuka samu da sunan da m, parasitic hali da sauran manyan itatuwa. Ana amfani dasu a liana, suna yin zurfi cikin itace kuma a hankali suna shan duk ruwan 'ya'yan itacen da ke bayar da gudummawa. Theoshin itacen bushe yana ci gaba da kasancewa amintaccen mai taimako ga masu kwarin itacen. A cikin zane mai faɗi, tsire-tsire yana da kyau don ado fences da gazebos. Amma ya kamata a nisantar da shi daga bishiyoyi. Ana nuna godiya ga ma'aunin katako don yawan taro mai yawa, wanda a cikin bazara ya sami launi mai laushi na zinariya, da kuma don 'ya'yan itace-ja.
Bayanin Botanical
Masu ɗaukar itacen katako alama ce ta ta ɓarna mai lalacewa tare da iska, sannu-sannu suna kwance vines. Tsawon lokacin harbi a cikin yanayi na iya isa ga 14. Matashi mai tushe an rufe shi da haushi mai laushi na itace. Tare da shekaru, ya zama launin ruwan kasa, sannan kuma launin toka-launin toka da crack.
Ganyayyaki na petiole na yau da kullun suna da siffar madaidaiciya ko zagaye tare da m gefuna. Tsarin ganye yana da cm 6 cm. A ƙarshen Afrilu, fentin ganye mai laushi ana fentin su a cikin sautunan launin duhu, a cikin kaka sun zama ruwan lemun tsami, wani lokacin orange. Ganyayyaki sun faɗi kusan lokaci guda a farkon Nuwamba, tare da sanyi na farko.
Wadanda suka kwashe shekaru biyar suna farautan. Lokacin fure yana farawa a watan Yuni-Yuli kuma zai ɗauki kimanin mako guda kawai. Flowersanan furanni sun fitar da ƙanshi mai daɗi, ƙanshi mai daɗi, amma kusan ba sa jawo hankalin mutane. An tattara ƙananan Corollas-rawaya-kore a cikin tseren tsere ko kuma paniculate inflorescences a cikin axils na ganye.
A ƙarshen bazara, 'ya'yan itãcen sun hauhawa. Akwatin zuriya iri ne, an rufe shi da bakin farin, busassun ganye. Bayan an farfado, an shimfida buɗaɗɗun furanni, kuma ana samun kyawawan tsire-tsire a ciki. A cikin bayyanar, sun yi kama da kumfa mai launi mai haske. Don irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ne cewa wasu lokuta ana kiran masu murhun itace da "kumfa ja".
Shahararrun nau'ikan
Halittar masu siyar da katako yana da nau'ikan 38, wanda 3 kawai ke girma a kan iyakar Rasha. Mafi yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya.
Fizgegen suna zagaye-leaved. Ana samun tsire-tsire a China, Japan da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wannan babban itacen, winding itacen girma ya girma a cikin al'adunsu zuwa 2.5 a cikin yanayi, zaku iya haɗuwa da vines har zuwa tsayi 12. Tsawancin Lateral, an rufe shi da ganye mai yawa, yadudduka fadi da fadi. Tsarin launin ruwan kasa mai ƙarfi yana rufe da haushi launin ruwan kasa. A kan ƙaramin harbe ne m duhu kore ganye. Rounded ko fararen fararen ganye ana nuna a ƙarshen. Ganyayyaki na ƙasa yana da feshin ruwa mai narkewa. A lokacin fure, da yawa paniculate inflorescences form a cikin ganye sinuses, kuma a watan Satumba 'ya'yan itãcen orange-rawaya a cikin nau'i na taso keya berries ripen. Girman dutsen tayi ba ya wuce 6 mm. Rightwararrun haske suna wanzu a kan rassan koda a cikin hunturu kuma suna da kyau a tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara. Shahararren nau'ikan Punctata suna da ƙarin girman sikelin harbe da ganye. Akwai fararen ɗigo a kan farantin ganye na fure mai haske.
Masu gama-gari da ke zagaye-gari sune tsire-tsire masu dioecious. Wato, akwai samfurori na musamman tare da mace (Diana iri-iri) da namiji (iri-iri Hercules) furanni. An jera nau'in ado na ado an rarrabe ta yawan fure da fruiting, kazalika da kambi mai duhu mai duhu mai yawa.
Mayakan suna hawa. Tsawon wannan creeper ligneous shine 8-12 m. Haushi na matasa harbe ne mai launin ja-kasa-kasa, amma sannu-sannu sami launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa. Gashi mai tushe yana dauke da ganyayyaki na yau da kullun 4-8 cm. A cikin watan Yuli ana nuna ƙyalli a kan shuka, wanda ya kunshi ƙananan furanni masu launin shuɗi. A watan Agusta-Satumba, kusoshi masu zagaye sun bayyana. A ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin rawaya, an ɓoye berries mai haske tare da diamita na mm mm 4-6.
Masu lalata gogewar hanci. Bala'in har zuwa tsawon m 12 an rufe shi da haushi mai launin ruwan kasa-tare da ƙananan sikeli. A kan ƙananan ɓangarorin harbe har akwai ganyayyaki na oval ko ƙwalƙwalwa, waɗanda suka kai tsawon 14 cm. Flamin ganye mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi ana liƙe tare da yawancin ƙananan jijiya. A ƙarshen watan Yuni, ganyen furanni masu launin shuɗi-rawaya a cikin axils na ganyayyaki, kuma a ƙarshen Satumba, ƙwanƙwaran ƙwayoyin da aka zagaye sun girma game da mm 7 a diamita.
Sake bugun katako
Mai fasalin itace yana yaduwa ta hanyar shuka iri da yan itace. Ana amfani da amfanin gona kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa. 'Ya'yan itacen da aka girbe suna iya girbewa a cikin kaka, sannan ba a buƙatar saɓin gyatsa. Wasu lokuta ana girbe filayen a bazara, a watan Afrilu. A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar sassaucin sanyi. Tsawon watanni biyu, ana sa tsaba a cikin firiji (+ 2 ... + 5 ° C). Ana shuka ƙananan tsaba a cikin m, ƙasa mai haske zuwa zurfin 1.5-2 cm An yayyafa su tare da ƙasa kuma a hankali ana shayar da su. Harbi suna bayyana a ƙarshen Mayu. Sun girma a wuri guda ba tare da an daukeshi shekara biyu ba. Ta hanyar kaka, tsayin tsararru ya kusan cm 80. A farkon shekarun rayuwa, tsirrai na buƙatar kulawa sosai. Masu ɗaukar itacen katako daga ƙwaya za su yi fure ta shekara ta biyar ta rayuwa.
Itatuwan shuka da kyau ta hanyar sare. Matasa kore harbe suna da ɗan kyau fiye da na bara lignified cuttings. Yanke su a lokacin rani, ƙananan yankan ya narke cikin maganin "Kornevin" na tsawon awanni 16. Dasa ne za'ayi a bude ƙasa, da cuttings an binne a tsaye a cikin yashi-peat ƙasa cakuda. Daga bisa ƙasa an mulched da humus kuma shayar. A wuri guda, seedlings zasu ciyar da shekaru 2 na farko na rayuwa, sannan za'a iya watsa su tare da babban dunƙule na ƙasa zuwa wurin dindindin.
Kula da tsiro
Kayan katako itace shimfidawa ce kuma itace shuka. Its rhizome ba shi da ikon kama da ƙarfi mallaki ƙasa. Shuka tayi daidai daidai da faduwar rana, a cikin inuwa amintacce kuma a cikakke shading. Zai fi kyau dasa itacen inabin kusa da shinge ko wasu tsararren tsari, kamar yadda itacen inabi masu ƙarfi suna da nauyi mai ban sha'awa kuma suna iya cika tsarin ɓarna.
Zuwa cikin abun da ke ciki na kasar gona, masu sikiran ba su da ma'ana, amma ma m, sako-sako da roba ko kasa mai yawa sun fi dacewa da shi. Reactionasa ta amsa ya kamata ya zama ɗan alkaline kaɗan ko tsaka tsaki. Ana zuba wani yanki na magudanar ruwa a cikin ramin dasa shuki tare da zurfin 50 cm, sannan a shigar da tumatir ko takin. Matasa tsire suna dasawa a watan Afrilu ko Satumba. Nisa tsakanin su ya zama cm 60-80. Lokacin dasawa, yakamata a zurfafa wuyan tushe.
Wajibi ne a shayar da masu filayen a koda yaushe. Yawancin manyan ganyayyaki suna motsa ruwa sosai. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire matasa sau uku a mako, suna zubowa buckets biyu na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowane. Mutane manya sun fi tsayayya wa fari kuma basa buƙatar irin wannan ban ruwa.
Saboda haka kasar gona bayan ban ruwa ba ta ɗauke da ɓawon burodi, kana bukatar ka sassauta duniya. Hanya ta taimaka wajen cire ciyawar da za ta iya fitar da ciyayi. Kuna iya ciyawa kasar gona da peat.
A lokacin bazara da bazara, ya kamata a ciyar da masu filayen tare da takin ƙasa na duniya. Ana rarraba foda a saman ƙasa, sannan ana shayar da shuka da ruwa mai tsabta.
A ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris, an rage kambi. Yana da Dole a cire wani ɓangare na harbe, har da yanke rassan bushe da daskararre.
Itace filastar katako yana da kyau. Yana fama da tsananin sanyi ba tare da mafaka ba. A cikin tsananin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara mai sanyi, ana bada shawarar rufe ƙasa sama da tushen tare da peat ko faɗuwar ganye.
An bambanta shuka da kyakkyawar rigakafi ga cututtuka kuma kusan ba a shafa ta parasites, don haka ba lallai ne ku kula da kariya daga kwari.
Kayan katako a cikin lambu
Kayan katako yana aiki azaman ado mai kyau na lambun. Babban kambin Emerald mai kauri zai ɓoye shinge ko wani ɓangare na ginin, har da kore kowane tallafi a tsaye. A cikin kaka, ganye zai canza launi zuwa ruwan lemo zinare kuma zai ci gaba da faranta ran gidan. Ba lallai ba ne a jagoranci liana sama. Masu fasa itacen katako suna iya zama kyakkyawan ƙasa kuma suna yin kwalliyar tuddai, manyan bankunan jikin ruwa da koguna. Hakanan, tushen sa yana ƙarfafa ƙasa kuma yana hana fadacewar ƙasa. A cikin lambun furanni, liana yana da kyau a matsayin kyakkyawan kyakkyawan kyakkyawan ga tsirrai masu launin.
Kamar kowane Bereskletovye, masu fashin wuta suna da kyau ba kawai tare da ganye ba, har ma da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Rassa masu launin ja tare da jan berries suna da kyau a kan titi da kuma a cikin tsarin furanni. Ana amfani da su sau da yawa don yin wreaths da bouquets Kirsimeti.
