Phacelia shine tsire-tsire na fure mai tsire-tsire daga dangin na cikin ruwa. Kudancin da Arewacin Amurka suna dauke su kasarsu, amma suna noma ta ko'ina duniya. Dalilin wannan shine bayyanar ado da kuma taro na kayan amfani. Ko da mai yawa, ƙasa mara kyau na phacelia za ta juya cikin sauri da sauri. Furannin furanni masu kamshi suna da yawa nectar, kuma zuma na da kaddarorin amfani da yawa. Tsarin inflorescence ya ba da suna ga gaba ɗaya kwayoyin. Daga harshen Hellenanci "phacelia" an fassara shi a matsayin "bunch". A lokaci guda, har ma wani mai farawa zai iya kwarewar kula da shuka.
Bayanin Shuka
Phacelia shine ciyawa na shekara-shekara, biennial, da perenni 0.5-1 m. Tushen rhizome tare da ƙananan hanyoyin na bakin ciki ya girma zuwa cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin cm 20. Tsarin kara mai ƙarfi yana zaune kai tsaye kuma yana da matakai na gefen da yawa, sabili da haka, a karkashin yanayi mai kyau, phacelia yana kama da daji . An rufe firam ɗin da fata mai ɗora tare da bristles ko ɗan rurumi kuma ana fentin su da launin kore mai haske.
Ash-kore ganye na iya girma ko kuma gaba ɗaya kuma yana kan gajerun petioles. Takardun ganye suna kusanci da juna. Farantin ganye yana ɗaukar ƙyallen ko keɓewa. Ana iya ganin taimakon jin dadi a saman wata fata. A gefuna na ganyayyaki galibi suna aiki, amma akwai kuma duka.
Flow ya fara a farkon bazara kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar kaka. A wannan yanayin, an bayyana fure guda kawai don kwanaki 1-2. An tattara ƙananan ƙwayoyin a cikin ɗaure mai yawa a ƙarshen ƙarshen mai tushe na 40-100 guda. Ba su da gajerun fuloti ko zama a farfaji. Rolananan Corollas ana fentin shuɗi ko shunayya kuma suna da siffar kararrawa. Dogon bakin lemu ya shuɗe daga tsakiyar furen tare da gashen furanni biyar.
Pollination na faruwa ne da taimakon kwari. Bayan wannan, kwalaye na iri sun haɗu da yawancin ƙananan tsaba. A cikin 1 g na kayan shuka akwai raka'a 1800-2000.
Shahararren ra'ayoyi
Dangane da kafofin daban-daban, asalin halittar ya kunshi nau'in tsiro 57 zuwa 80. A cikin ƙasarmu, galibi zaka iya samun kaɗan.
Phacelia tansy. Grassaukar ciyawa na shekara 1 har zuwa tsawon m 1 babban daji mai ɓacin rai, saboda har zuwa matakai 20 masu ƙyalƙyali suna tashi daga babban harbin. Tuni a watan Mayu, ƙananan furanni masu launin shuɗi-shudi shuɗi akan fure mai yadagi. An tattara su a cikin wani gefe mai gefe-mai siffar inflorescence a cikin nau'i na curl. Kofuna madaidaiciya na 5 petals a diamita kawai cm 2. Flow yana tare da ƙanshin zuma mai ƙanshi.
Phacelia na da kararrawa ne. Itatuwanta ya kunshi cikakke mai kaifi har yakai tsayi 25 cm. Farfajiyar ta rufe da launin fata mai launin shuda. Ganyayyaki na yau da kullun tare da hakora marasa daidaituwa tare da gefen girma 6 cm a tsawon. An zane su da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Furanni masu haske ko shuɗi mai haske a cikin diamita sun kai cm 3. Sun yi fure a watan Yuni. A tsakiyar mazurari ne fari fari. Dark stamens tare da manyan anern peep fita daga gare ta. Ana tattara furanni a cikin curls, wanda hakan ma suke cikin tsere. Iri:
- Californiaararrawar California - furanni shuɗi tare da diamita na har zuwa 25 mm tashi sama da tsire-tsire na ruwan fure na launin toka-kore;
- Blue Bonnet - a kan daji har zuwa 40 cm tsayi, karrarawa mai haske mai haske ta buɗe.
Phacelia ta juya. Harbi har zuwa 0.5 m high an rufe da haske kore toothed ganye tare da ɗan rurumi taushi. A saman watan Yuni-Satumba akwai kyawawan curls na kankanin (har zuwa 5 mm a diamita) ƙwanƙwasa shuɗi.
Phacelia a matsayin siderat
Siderata sune tsire-tsire waɗanda talakawa, ƙasa masu matsala ke shukawa don inganta halayen su. Phacelia jagora ne a cikin wannan ma'anar. Tushen tsire, kamar yadda suke haɓaka, sassauta abin da kyau, juya yumɓu mai nauyi a cikin sako-sako da sako-sako. The mai tushe da sauri bazuzuya kuma ya juya zuwa humus. Yana wadatar da ƙasa da ƙasa tare da ma'adinai mai gina jiki da kwayoyin halitta. Bayan irin wannan shuka, kayan lambu da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire za a iya girma a cikin makircin na tsawon shekaru 2-3 ba tare da wani takin ba ko kaɗan.
Phacelia blooms watanni 1.5 bayan shuka. A wannan lokacin, girman kore mai girma ya kai kilogiram 300 dari ɗari murabba'in mita. Tare da farawa na fure, ana iya yankan ciyawar. Bayan mowing, da harbe dakatar da girma da kuma tushen bazu. A wannan yanayin, ana wadatar da ƙasa da abinci mai gina jiki. Tare da isasshen adadin danshi a cikin ƙasa da hazo, ba a buƙatar ƙarin manipulations. Irin wannan ɗan takaitaccen lokacin haɓaka yana ba ku damar yin albarkatu da yawa a kowace kakar ko don yin tsiro bayan girbi.
Itace mai kula da kayan lambu. A cikin ci gaban girma, acidity na ƙasa yana canzawa daga acidic zuwa tsaka tsaki. Irin wannan canjin yana ba da gudummawa ga murkushe ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtukan hoto da na fungal. Mai jan hankalin da ƙanshin da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwari kwari na (kwayar halitta) lalata parasites (nematodes, leafworms, ayau, asu codling).
Kiwo
Phacelia yana girma daga tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Hatta matasa tsirrai na yin tsayayya da sanyi na -9 ° C. Na farko shuka ne da za'ayi a ƙarshen kaka kafin hunturu. Harbe yana bayyana da wuri a narke. Shukawar bazara na iya farawa a cikin Maris-Afrilu, lokacin da ba duk dusar ƙanƙara ya ragu ba tukuna. Bayan mun girbe daga amfanin gona na lambu, wannan an shuka shuka mai amfani. Wannan zai fi kyau a Yuli.
Phacelia ya dace da kowane irin yanayin rayuwa, amma ya fi dacewa don gina taro mai ƙarfi a cikin iska mai iska, yankuna masu kyau. Shuka ba ta yarda da dasawa ba, saboda haka an yanyanka wuraren da aka nufa nan da nan. Tun da tsaba ƙanƙanuwa ne, an haɗe su da yashi ko ciyawa. Kudin shuka na 100 g na tsaba shine 50-80 m². Za'a iya rarrabe kayan shuka ba tare da tillage na farko kai tsaye a farfajiya ba. Wasu yan lambu har yanzu suna shirya ramuka mai zurfi na 1.5-2 cm. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa kuma a birkice sauƙaƙe don kyakkyawar lamba. Irin wannan magudin zai inganta lamba kuma ya sa yayanta su zama da yawa.
Dole ne ƙasa ta zama rigar. Idan babu hazo, kuna buƙatar shayar da wurin. 'Ya'yan itacun farko sun bayyana kwanaki 7-12 bayan shuka. Da zuwan 3-4 gaskiya ganye, da plantings an thinned fita. Nisan dake tsakanin shuki yakamata ya zama cm 5-7. A tsayinsa na cm 6 cm, an ninka nisan zuwa 10-15 cm.
Kulawar Fazelia
Phacelia abu ne mai matukar sarkakiya kuma ba a fassara shi ba. A nasa ne fari fari shuke-shuke. Watering ake bukata kawai idan akwai tsawan tsawo babu hazo, a lõkacin da ƙasa ƙasa ne fashe.
Yayinda seedlingsannan ƙananan ƙananan (har zuwa makonni 2-3), basu da ikon sarrafa ciyayi da kansu. Ya kamata a sako gadaje kuma a kwance. Dogayen tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar wannan hanya.
Don harbe girma da sauri, kuma fure yalwatacce, shi wajibi ne don ciyar da phacelia tare da hadaddun ma'adinai na duniya sau biyu a wata. Hakanan kuma takin zamani yana yin fure. Na farko buds bude a cikin wata daya. A tsakanin makonni 1-2, furanni kalilan ne kawai suka bude, sannan ya fito da fure mai dumbin yawa.
Idan phacelia tayi girma kamar amfanin gona na abinci, ana yin mowing a matakin bud'ewa. Daga baya, abubuwan gina jiki na ciyayi ke raguwa.
Ana aiwatar da tarin iri lokacin da sama da rabin tsaba suke launin ruwan kasa. Yi amfani da tsaba daga ƙananan akwatunan a cikin inflorescences. Yana da mahimmanci kada a yi shakka, saboda cike da kayan achenes crack kuma fanko ne.
Cututtuka da cututtuka suna shafar maganin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin lokuta masu rauni sosai. Yawancin lokaci, ba a kula da annuals, kawai suna keɓantar da shuka da ya shafa.
Amfani da lambun
Lokacin da kake shirin dasa shuki a matakai da yawa, zaku iya samun ci gaba ta fure "daga dusar ƙanƙara zuwa dusar ƙanƙara." An dasa siffofin kayan ado a kan gadon filawa da aka haɗe, tare da tsare-tsaren, tsakanin duwatsu da kabilu. Ana iya dasa su tsakanin tsire-tsire 'ya'yan itace don yin ado da kuma kare gonar. Phacelia a cikin furannin furanni sunyi kyau sosai, kamar shuka na ampel don baranda da veranda. An haɗu da shi tare da calendula, flax, rudbeckia, lavender, eshsoltsia, atrium. An ƙara tsaba na wannan kyakkyawa zuwa cakuda don ciyawar Moorish.
