Castor oil plant shine daskararren shuka na zamanin Everhorbia. An yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga Habasha, daga inda ya bazu ko'ina cikin yankuna da rabe-raben duk duniya. Hakanan ana iya samo shi a ƙarƙashin sunayen "aljanna aljanna", "Castor" ko "Hemp na Turkiyya". Branaƙƙarfan laushi masu tushe waɗanda aka rufe da sabon abu babban ganye suna na ado ne. Wannan ya sa mai Castor ya shahara sosai tsakanin yan lambu. A lokaci guda, abubuwan ƙonewa na tsaba da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ban tsoro. Tabbas, wannan yana buƙatar ƙara kulawa, amma tare da kulawa da ta dace, man Castor zai zama kyakkyawan kayan ado na lambun kuma zai jawo hankalin mutane da yawa.
Halayen Botanical
Castor-oil plant - itace mai yaduwa mai saurin girma 2-10 m A cikin yanayin halitta, ya wanzu shekaru da yawa, cike da farin ciki da girmanta da ganyen ado. A cikin yanayi mai zafi, man Castor yana girma kamar shekara-shekara. A lokacin kakar tana sarrafa har zuwa m 3 a tsawo. Arfafa da aka yiwa harbe-harben ƙaho ne mai fanko tare da daskararru. An rufe su da launin kore, ruwan hoda ko shunayya mai launin shuɗi tare da ɗanɗanin matte mai laushi na launin shuɗi.
Manyan ƙananan ƙwayoyin dabbobi sun sake girma. Tsawon tsayin petiole shine 20-60 cm. Ganyen yana da siffar dabino mai zurfi kuma yana dauke da lobes 5-7. Faɗin farantin fararen ganye ya kai cm 30-80. Sasalin launuka masu launuka masu launin da aka nuna da gefen bangarorin fentin an fentin surar kore. A farfajiya, tsokoki na tsakiya da na tsakiya suna bayyane a fili.
Yawo yana faruwa a watanni bazara. Tsakanin ganye da kuma a saman harba m goge na ƙanana, nondescript furanni Bloom. Kowane inflorescence ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin namiji da mace, fentin da fararen fata ko kirim. M stamens samar da wata lush B bun kuma ba inflorescences airiness. Furanni masu furanni masu launuka uku daban ana fentin su a cikin rasberi, rawaya ko ja.
Bayan pollination, mai kwalliya iri na kwalliya, an rufe shi da fata tare da laima mai kaifi, mai girma. Diamita na 'ya'yan itacen ya kai cm 3. A ciki, an kasu kashi uku, inda akwai manyan tsaba, masu kama da wake, masu fatar fata.
Amfana da cutarwa
'Ya'yan Castor na mai, kalolin ruwancinta, suna dauke da adadin ricin da ricinin. Wadannan abubuwan, masu matukar hatsari ga yan adam, suna haifar da guba, yaduwar jini, da zub da jini a cikin narkewar abinci. Kuna iya mutuwa, ya isa ɗan yaro ya ci har zuwa 6 tsaba, kuma ga wani mutum - har zuwa 20. Sau da yawa ƙaramin yawanci ya isa. Ba za ku iya gwadawa ba kuma ku tauna mai Castor, musamman tsaba. Hakanan, bayan aiki a gonar, wanke hannuwanku sosai.
Alamar farko na guba sune amai, ciwon kai, rauni gaba ɗaya, ƙonewa da fashewa a cikin ciki, har da sautin fata mai launin rawaya. Da zaran tuhumar guban ta bayyana, ya kamata ka kira likita nan da nan, saboda yanayin zai tsananta.
Kodayake tsaba suna da guba sosai, a masana'antar masana'antar Castor mai ana kimanta musu daidai. Oilsarancin mai sun mamaye har zuwa rabin adadin kayan masarufi. Ana amfani dasu don magani da dalilai na fasaha.
Bayan aiki na musamman, ana samun mai Castor. Fasahar Spin ta sa ya yiwu a shawo kan alkaloids mai guba. Magungunan yana taimakawa wajen magance ciwan hanji, hanji, maƙarƙashiya, da zazzaɓi. Ana shafa su ta hanyar kumburi da ƙonewa akan fatar. A cikin kayan kwalliya, ana amfani da mai na Castor don kawar da warts da kuma faratis na shekaru. Hakanan yana taimakawa haɓaka ayyukan kwanciyar hankali na mahaifa kuma yana sauƙaƙa hanyar hanji.
Irin lambun
Nau'in wake na Castor shine monolithic, wato, ya dogara ne akan nau'ikan iri daya - wake na Castor. Ta zama zuriyarsa na nau'ikan kayan ado da kuma nau'ikan dabbobi. Itataccen tsire-tsire ne daji mai cike da yalwar da aka rufe shi da ganye mai tsawon rai, ya sassaka. Kusa da inflorescences na rawaya ko kirim ya girma kusa da tushe akan gajerun sakin layi. Bayan pollination, ana maye gurbinsu da akwatunan iri masu sihiri tare da dunƙule. Daga cikin nau'ikan mafi mashahuri, ana rarrabe masu zuwa:
- Gibson Castor mai. Wani daji game da 1.5 m high an rufe shi da manyan kore ganye tare da ƙarfe sheen. A farfajiya tare da jijiyoyin, farantin ganye yana samun launin shuɗi.
Gibson Castor Oil - Castor oil plant Zanzibar. Nau'in shekara-shekara tare da girman girma har zuwa 200 cm. Gaskiya manyan ganyayyaki suna da launin ja-violet, kuma manyan kyawawan launuka suna kusa da gangar jikin.
Castor wake Zanzibar - Castor mai shuka ja. Kyakkyawan nau'in kayan ado, 1.5-2 m babba, yana girma manyan ganyen dabino na launin ja mai duhu tare da farfajiya mai haske.
Karin Castor ja - Castor wakilin bepala. Morearin daji mafi girma yana girma zuwa tsayi na cm cm 120. Tsawannin saurin saurin girma suna cike da shuɗi-kore mai launin shuɗi tare da jan rawaya a kan jijiya da kuma furanni mai haske iri ɗaya cikin manyan tassels mai yawa.
Castar Oil Impala - Castor waken wake. Bushan daji mai ƙarfi tare da ja mai launin ja mai tsiro yana girma 3 m ba ga tsayi. Tana da manyan ganyayyaki kore tare da wani mai cike da sheki.
Bourbon Castor mai - Castor oil plant na Kambodian. An bambanta tsirrai game da 1.2 m high ta kusan kusan akwati baki da duhu kore ganye, yanke kusan gindi.
Kambodian Castor Oil
Sake buguwa da dasa shuki
'Yan lambu sun jaddada cewa girma mai Castor a gida mai yiwuwa ne kawai ta zuriya. An yi sa'a, isasshen adadinsu sun girma a lokacin kakar. Manyan tsaba an rufe su da fata mai yawa, wanda ke kawo cikas ga tsarin tsirarwa. Sabili da haka, kafin shuka, suna da wuya (suna lalata fata tare da fayil ko sandpaper). Sannan dasa kayan da ake soyawa na sa'o'i 10-12 a cikin maganin "Epina".
Man Castor za a iya shuka nan da nan a buɗe ƙasa a watan Mayu. Don samun saurin shuka mai ƙarfi, ana shuka seedlings. Don yin wannan, a farkon Afrilu, shirya kananan tukwane cike da ƙasa sako-sako da rabi kawai. Manyan tsaba suna da sauƙin rarraba ɗaya bayan ɗaya. An binne su da 1.5-2.5 cm Bayan an gama sarrafa su, tohon ya bayyana da sauri, tuni a rana ta uku ko ta huɗu. Seedlings nan da nan ci gaba da sauri. An ja hanyar tsira, sannan kuma ainihin ganye da aka sassaka ya bayyana. Don samun daji mai denser, ana juyar da seedlings zuwa wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na + 15 ... + 18 ° C. Sannu a hankali ana yin tsiron tsire-tsire na Castor mai tsire tare da ƙasa kuma tukunya ta cika da wuta.
Lokacin da lokacin shuka tsire-tsire mai ƙuna-zafi a cikin ƙasa buɗe, tsayin daskararren tsire-tsire na Castor zai kai mita 1. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana faruwa a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni. Ko da siffofin karami sun bambanta da girma dabam, don haka an yanke ciyawar 1-2 a cikin kowane rami na dasa shuki. Ana saukar da ƙasa ta hanyar hanyar nesantawa saboda tushe mai wahala ba sa wahala. Nisa tsakanin yanayin mutum a cikin kungiyar yakamata yakai m 1-1.5.
Dokokin Kulawa
Castor mai shine in mun gwada da rashin tsari kuma yana girma da sauri. Mafi kyau duka, bushes ci gaba a cikin ƙasa sako-sako da na gina jiki (chernozem). Matsakaicin yawan haihuwa, mafi girman daji zai kasance. A gaban manya-manyan zane-zane, haɓakar mai da Castor zai yi ƙasa a hankali. Yawancin nau'ikan sun fi son yanayi mai laushi da kyawun haske.
Succulent ganye da sauri ƙafe danshi, don haka na yau da kullum watering ya zama babban aya a cikin kulawa. In babu hazo, ana zuba guga na ruwa a cikin ƙasa sau 1-2 a mako.
Nan da nan bayan dasa, kasar gona kusa da shuka an mulched. Da farko muna buƙatar weeding na lokaci da kuma kawar da ciyawa. A hankali, ciyawar da kansu za su daina girma.
A lokacin kakar, ana ciyar da sau 2-3 na Castor tare da takin mai ma'adinai tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen. A karo na farko ana gabatar dasu yayin lokacin buduwa.
A cikin bazara, tare da farkon yanayin farko na sanyi, harbe zai fara yin duhu, ganye zai bushe. Abin takaici, man Castor baya hunturu a yanayin zafi, don haka babu ma'ana a kokarin kiyaye shi. An sare ciyawar da take bushe, ƙasa kuma ta haƙa, tana shirya wa sabon lambun fure.
Castor oil plant yana tsayayya da yawancin cututtukan tsire-tsire. Sai kawai a cikin wuri mai sanyi da Inuwa mai sanyi akansa na iya rot, phylostictosis ko mildew powdery ci gaba akan sa. Inganta daji zai taimaka magani tare da fungicides ko ruwa na Bordeaux.
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci akan ganyayyaki da mai tushe na mata, pseudo-stalks, ciyawa, kwari da yashi da ciyawa. Karin kwari ba zai daskare idan kun shuka ganye mai yaji, tafarnuwa da albasa kusa da mai Castor. Jiyya da danshi mai daci (1: 3) ko ciwan kwari shima yana taimaka wa cututtukan fata.
Castor mai shuka a cikin shimfidar wuri
Babban daji tare da ganyen furanni masu launin shuɗi da koren kore yana tsaye a cikin dasa ɗaya a tsakiyar faren ko a tsakiyar gadon filawa mai zagaye, wanda aka dasa shi da ƙananan ciyawar fure. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da man Castor don yin shinge ko ado ganuwar. An lura cewa kwari suna tashi sama da ƙasa akai-akai kusa da wannan shuka.
Kodayake wake na Castor suna da guba sosai, haɓaka don dalilai na kayan ado ba mai haɗari bane. Idan gidan ba shi da ƙananan yara, kaji da dabbobi, bai kamata ku ji tsoro ba. Kasancewa kusa da shuka ko taɓa shi ba zai cutar da kowa ba. Yana da mahimmanci kawai a kula da tsabta.
