Stonecrop (sedum) - perenuful fure a cikin iyali Crassulaceae. Homelandasar asalin tsiro ita ce busasshiyar gangaren fili da makiyaya na Amurka, Afirka da Eurasia. Ana amfani dashi don yin ado da wani shafi ko wuraren zama, da kuma don dalilai na magani. Sunan Latin ya fassara a matsayin "pacify", wanda ke da alaƙa da ikon magunguna don rage ciwo. Sunan Rasha ya fito ne daga kalmar "tsarkake", tunda shan kayan ado yana taimakawa tsaftace hanji. Baya ga waɗannan sunaye, kamar "kabeji zomo", "violin" da "ciyawar zazzabi" sanannu ne.
Bayanin Shuka
Stonecrop flower - wani ɗan gajeren ciyawa succulent tare da dogon ko biennial sake zagayowar rayuwa. Dukkanin nau'ikan za'a iya rarrabasu zuwa yanayin zafi na zafi, wanda a cikin latitude ɗinmu suna girma kamar tsire-tsire na cikin gida, da kuma hunturu-Hardy, murfin ƙasa. Saboda ciyawan da aka dasa, dutsen da yake tsiro itace da itace.
A kan m harbe zauna fleshy, leafless m ko ovoid ganye. Zasu iya zama cikakke ɗakin kwana (mai faifan diski) ko kumbura, kamar ƙananan silinda. Ganyayyaki akasin haka ne ko kuma masu zagi. Launin su kore ne, launin toka-shuɗi ko ruwan hoda. Launi na ganyayyaki ya dogara ba kawai ga nau'in halitta da iri-iri ba, har ma a kan yanayin girma - a cikin hasken rana mai haske ko inuwa, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska, ya dogara da tsarin ƙasa. Ragowar koda dayan nau'in daya na iya zama kore ko an rufe shi da fatake.
A lokacin rani ko damina, furannin dutse suna girma a cikin laima inflorescences, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan ƙananan furanni masu fure na fure-fure. Canza launin furanni fari ne, rawaya, shuɗi, ja. Itatuwan kararra sun haɗu tare da keɓaɓɓiyar bututu, daga tsakiyar abin da ke tattare da ɗar ɗar ɗumbin siriri na tsawon lokaci da kuma takaddun huhun ciki. Furanni suna fitar da ƙanshin mai daɗi wanda ke jawo kwari masu amfani. Stonecrops sune tsire-tsire masu kyau na zuma.
Yawan nau'ikan iri
Irin nau'in dutse yana da girma sosai. Kimanin nau'ikan tsirrai 600 ne aka yi wa rajista a ciki. A cikin al'ada, don dalilai na ado, kaɗan ne daga cikin kyawawan tsire-tsire da ake amfani da su.
Stonecrop ya yi fice. Mazaunin gabashin Asiya ya yi girma zuwa tsawon cm 50. Ya yi tsiro mai daɗaɗɗɗa, yana da madaidaiciya, mai tushe mai taushi. M ganye ba tare da stalks girma a kan harbe. An zana su a cikin launi mai launin shuɗi-kore da kuma concave a tsakiyar. A gefuna cikin ganyayyaki suna serrated ko wavy. A lokacin rani, ambaliyar inflorescences ta yi girma har zuwa cm cm 15. Sun ƙunshi ƙananan (har zuwa 1 cm), furanni masu launin tauraro na launi na lilac-pink.
Stonecrop yana da girma, talakawa ne kuma magani ne. Perennial 25-30 cm tsayi yana da madaidaiciya lokacin farin ciki ganye tare da lebur, zaune ganye. Ana aiki da gefunan m ganye. Tsire-tsire suna girma a cikin rabin na biyu na Yuli sosai. An dauke su da kyakkyawan zuma shuka. An yi saman saman tushe tare da dimbin yawa na corymbose inflorescence, wanda ya kunshi kananan taurari masu yawa tare da dogayen tarihi. Iri:
- Matron - madaidaiciya mai tushe har zuwa 60 cm high an rufe da manyan shuɗi-kore foliage tare da reddening baki, suka Bloom a haske ruwan hoda lush inflorescences;
- Linda Windsor - maroon mai tushe tare da ƙarshen duhu fliage ƙarshe tare da jan baki hemispherical inflorescences.
Stonecrop purple. Shekaru biyu masu zuwa tare da tsayin 20-60 cm yana da madaidaicin ganye, ganye mai ɗaukar tushe da kuma ɗigon rhizome mai ruɓi. Flat fleshy ganye girma sake. Tsawon su 3 cm cm ne a watan Yuni-Satumba, an buɗe ƙarafan labule masu ruwan hoda.
Stonecrop fari ne. Fleshy masauki mai tushe har zuwa 20 cm tsayi an rufe shi da ganye mai fadin silima, wanda a cikin kaka ya zama ruwan hoda ko shunayya. Tuni a ƙarshen bazara, inflorescences sako-sako da fararen hular a tsaka-tsakin kafa 12-15 cm tsayi tare da fararen taurari.
Stonecrop yana da matukar damuwa. M ciyayi mai tushe har zuwa 10 cm ba ga tsayi an rufe shi da ganye mai ɗorewa na yau da kullun tare da gefuna da aka zana. Tsawon Sheet bai wuce 6 mm ba. A taqaitaccen fure stalks, sako-sako da inflorescences Bloom da sessile buds na zinariya rawaya ya dafa. Flow yana faruwa a watan Mayu-Yuni.
Stonecrop karya ne. Dankin hunturu-Hardy yana da doguwar iska mai rarrafewa da creeping mai tushe. Ganye mai launin shuɗi, mai duhu mai duhu na nau'i mai ƙarancin girma ya kasance akasin haka. Suna da yatsun gewaye ko jagged. Inflorescence a cikin nau'i mai laima lokacin farin ciki ya haɗu da furanni masu launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda.
Scum na Morgan. Jinsikan Mexico sun girma harbe har tsawon 1 m; sun bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasa, suna kafa laima mai laushi. Takaddun ganye masu yawa ko m ganye suna girma 1.5-2 cm a tsawon kuma 5 mm a kauri. An fenti su a cikin koren launi mai sauƙi. Kowane peduncle yana ƙare tare da laima mai yawa na 10-15 na ruwan hoda ko ja.
Kankin Kamchatka. herbaceous perennial tare da creeping rhizome girma 30-40 cm ba ga tsawo. Abubuwan da ke tasowa suna rufe da m ganye tare da hakora mai laushi tare da gefen. A lokacin rani, furanni ruwan fure.
Stonecrop na Evers. Chedashiryen mai launin ja mai launin shuɗi ya zama ƙaramin yanki na 30 cm. An rufe su da ganyayyaki masu kyan gefen zuciya tare da shimfiɗaɗɗen fitila 2-5 cm gefuna na ganye suna da iyakar ruwan hoda. Kuma taurari masu ruwan hoda iri iri tare da gurɓatattun filayen suna bayyana a ƙarshen bazara. An tattara su a cikin manyan inflorescences wanda ke rufe daji tare da m hat.
Dutse Lambuna iri iri tare da masauki harbe an rufe shi da awl-like ganye-kore-ganye. A cikin bazara, m zinariya rawaya inflorescences Bloom on danda peduncles har zuwa 30 cm tsawo.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Stonecrops irinsu a sauƙaƙe. Don wannan, ana samun masu lambu ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Shuka tsaba. An girbe tsaba a cikin kaka ko farkon lokacin bazara a cikin kwantena da aka shirya da yashi da ƙasan peat. An rarraba ƙananan tsaba a ko'ina a farfajiya, kuma an yayyafa shi da yadudduka na bakin ciki yashi a saman. Akwatin an rufe shi da fim ko gilashi. Don shawo kan tukwane, tukwane biyu na makwanni 2 ana tura su zuwa daki mai zafin jiki 0 ... + 5 ° C. Ana amfani da ƙasa a kai a kai kuma ana cire condensate. Sannan an mayar da akwati zuwa dakin dumi (+ 18 ... + 20 ° C) kuma harbe suka bayyana bayan kwana 15-30. Suna girma sosai cikin ƙasa har ƙasa ta rufe faranti kore. Daga wannan lokacin, tsari ba lallai ba ne. Seedlings tare da ganye 2 a hankali nutse. Ana ajiye su a cikin haske, haske a watsa kuma a zazzabi a daki. A cikin kwanakin dumi, ana ɗaukar seedlings a waje don taurara.
- Yankan. Stonecrop mai tushe tushe mai sauƙi lokacin da ake hulɗa da ƙasa. Kamar yadda cuttings amfani da matakai na kowane girman har ma da mutum ganye. An yankan yankan yan awoyi da yawa, kuma me yasa ake dasa su a cikin lambun lambun da yashi mai yawa. Kuma kawai dan kadan guga man cikin ƙasa. Ana shayar da yankan lokaci-lokaci. Bayan 'yan makonni, za su ɗauki tushe kuma su fara girma.
- Raba daga daji. Babban shuka mai yaduwar shuka wanda aka yadu dashi ta hanyar rarraba rhizome. A lokacin bazara sun tono shi, a hankali su sake shi daga ƙasa su yanke shi gunduwa-gunduwa. Kowane yakamata ya samu 'ya' ya 'ya' ya da yawa. Ana kula da wuraren da ake yanka tare da kashe-kashe da bushe, sannan a dasa cikin ƙasan sabo.
Ginin waje da kulawa
A cikin lambun, dutse-dutse ya dauko wani wuri mai cike da hasken wuta. A cikin inuwa m za su iya girma, amma muni muni. Ya kamata ku dasa dasa dutse a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire masu ƙiba, saboda a cikin bazarar ba a rufe su da ganye ba.
Ana saukowa a ƙasa a ƙarshen Mayu, lokacin da aka kafa yanayin ɗumama mai ɗorewa. Ana haɓaka shafin, idan ya cancanta, an gabatar da humus da takin. Suna tono ramuka mara zurfi a cikin layuka tare da nisan murabba'in cm 20. Kowane, har ma da kasa mara kyau, shinge dutse da sandstones sun dace da shuka. Nau'in kayan ado suna buƙatar ƙasa mai wadatarwa. Bayan dasa, ana buƙatar yawan ruwa. Ana sa ran hurawa daga shekaru 2-3 na rayuwa.
Barin ya shafi ƙawance na yau da kullun, kamar yadda tsire-tsire ke wahala daga mamaye ciyawa. Banda shi ne ruwan farjin, wanda ke da ikon shawo kan ciyawa da kansa.
Ganyayyun ganyayyaki suna tara ruwa sosai don su iya rayuwa fari. A ranakun zafi, in babu hazo, dole ne a shayar da daskarewa. Ruwa bai kamata ya ɓoye a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci ba, kamar yadda tsire-tsire za su sha wahala daga cututtukan fungal.
Takaya takin zamani ba lallai ba ne ga dutse. Yawancin nau'ikan suna yin ba tare da ciyarwa ba. Ana ba da nau'in kayan ado sau biyu (a watan Afrilu da Agusta-Satumba). Isasshen rabin abincin abinci na ma'adinai na duniya.
An shuka ciyayi akai-akai. Har ila yau, wilted inflorescences da haihuwa, danda harbe ya kamata a cire. A tsawon lokaci, dutse mai lalacewa da tsufa, saboda haka kowace shekara 5 suna sake sabuwa.
Itatuwan tsire-tsire masu sanyi-sanyi a ƙarshen kaka, bayan tsananin sanyaya, a yanka kusan ƙasa. Bar ganye masu tsayi 3-4 cm. An yayyafa su da ƙasa mai kyau. A lokacin bazara, sabbin matakai zasu bayyana daga tushen sa.
Dutsen dutse yana yawanci tsayayya da cututtukan shuka. Kawai tare da tsawan ambaliya na ƙasa na iya kamuwa da cututtukan fungal. Halin su yana da duhu, ganye masu laushi tare da warin mara. Dole ne a cire wuraren da suka lalace zuwa ƙoshin lafiya kuma a bi da su ta hanyar kashe-kashe.
Kwari da wuya saurin magance tsire-tsire. Mafi sau da yawa waɗannan su ne aphids, thrips, weevils da caterpillars. Kwayoyi da acaricides zasu taimaka wajen kawar da kwari.
Share tsaftace dakin
A gida, dutse mai yaduwar tsiro ba zai iya girma fiye da yadda yake cikin lambu ba. Don nau'in nau'ikan wurare masu zafi-ƙauna, wannan ita ce kawai hanyar da za ta tsira daga lokacin sanyi. Tukwane zaɓi ƙarami da babba. Isasa ta ƙunshi:
- ƙasar turf
- kyawawan ganye;
- peat;
- kogin yashi.
A kasan sa fitar da kayan abu. A kasar gona ya kamata a dhexdhexa rigar ko bushe. Nan da nan bayan dasa, sun yi ƙoƙarin kada su dagula shuka da kuma sanya shi a inuwa. Bayan 'yan kwanaki daga baya sai aka fallasa shi ga rana.
A lokacin rani, ɗakin yana tsage kullun. Kuna iya bijirar da tukwane zuwa iska mai kyau.
Watering ya kamata ya zama matsakaici a cikin shekara, wanda ya sa murhu zai bushe da kashi ɗaya bisa uku.
Idan ba a dasa fure ba na dogon lokaci kuma ƙasa tana talaucewa, ana zubar da isasshen bayani na ma'adinai ko kayan miya a cikin ƙasa a kowane wata.
Kayan magani
Akwai abubuwa da yawa da suke da amfani ga ɗan Adam a cikin ayyukan dutse:
- alkaloids;
- bitamin;
- tannins;
- glycosides;
- gamsai
- flavonoids;
- saponins;
- coumarins.
A matsayinka na mai magani mai magani ka yi amfani da ɓangaren ƙasar shuka. An yanka a lokacin lokacin furanni. Abubuwan shirya kayan kwalliya, ruwa da tinctures na giya, gami da kayan abinci an shirya su daga albarkatun kasa.
Magungunan suna da tonic, warkarwa, anti-mai kumburi, diuretic, motsawa, analgesic da laxative effects. Ana amfani da su a ciki da waje don scurvy, maƙarƙashiya, zazzabin cizon sauro, ƙonewa, gout, atherosclerosis, tashin hankali da sauran cututtuka.
Kuna iya ƙarfafa lafiyar kanku tare da taimakon kowane nau'in dutsen dutse, amma ana amfani da dutsen dutse tare da kulawa sosai. Jiyya ga mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa, yara, har ma da mutanen da ke fama da hauhawar jini da fitowar damuwa gaba daya sun haɗu.
