Dukes (ceri-ceri hybrids): menene kuma bayanin nau'in ceri na Duke Miracle ceri

Yawancin ƙaunar cherries saboda ƙanshinta mai ƙanshi da ƙanshinta. Sauran suna son cherries, musamman nau'ikan duhu tare da manyan, mai yawa, 'ya'yan itace mai dadi. Amma a yau, dakwa - hybrids of cherries da cherries suna cikin babban buƙatu. Dukes suka gaji kyawawan halayen magabata. Daga cikin shahararrun nau'in dykes shine Miracle Cherry iri-iri. Don girma itace lafiyayye kuma tattara manyan 'ya'yan itace, yana da amfani a sani game da abubuwan ɓoyewa da halayen dasa da kula da wannan amfanin gona.

Bayani da sifofin ceri

Don fahimtar fasahar dyukes, bari mu koma karni biyu. Sunan "Duke" ya fito daga asalin Mau Duck na farko (wanda aka fassara shi daga Turanci a matsayin "Mayu Duke"), wanda aka samo a karni na sha tara a Ingila a cikin rashin kuzari na cherries. Wannan jumlar tana da halaye na dabam: itsa ripyan itacenta da suka harzuƙa, sun manyan kuma masu daɗi, kamar cherries, kuma ya gaji ƙanshin ceri mai kyau daga cherries.

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa sunan "duke" ya fi ko'ina a cikin Rasha fiye da Turai. A cikin Rasha, an samo digirin farko na Duke da I.V. Michurin a cikin 1888 kan tushen Central Rasha na Bel cherries da farin Winkler cherries. Ya kasance a wancan lokacin ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan daskararrun-hunturu da daskararru-mai-ƙarfi ta cakulan da cherries, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka kira shi Krasa Severa. Wannan nau'in ya girma sosai kuma yana ba da amfanin gona akai-akai a Yankin Moscow, yankin Arewa maso yamma, har ma a wasu sassan Yammacin Siberiya, amma fure mai fure yakan sha iska.

O. Ivanova, mai kula da kayan lambu, yankin Moscow Mujallar Gudanar da Gidaje, Lambar 12, Disamba 2017

Duke Miracle Cherry ita ce ta nau'ikan sabon zamani na dykes. An samo ta ta hanyar hayewa da Kewayen Ostheim da Cherries Valery Chkalov. Srednerosloy, tare da kambi mai shimfiɗa - itacen yana kama da ceri. Siffar halayyar nau'ikan itace farkon farkon eningan itacen. Ripening zamani - daga Yuni 10 zuwa 20, a lokaci guda tare da farkon nau'in cherries. Duke sosai mai amfani fruiting. Fruitsa fruitsan fari na Miracle Cherry sun ba da a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku bayan dasa shuki a cikin dindindin a gonar. Itacen ya shiga cikakkiyar fruiting yana da shekaru 4-5.

Halaye na 'ya'yan itãcen Miracle Cherry:

• manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu nauyin 9-10 g;
• kyawawan duhu ja, kusan burgundy;
• ɓangaren litattafan almara na matsakaici-yawa 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, m;
• ɗanɗano abin zaki ne, mai daɗi da haske mai sauƙin haske, akwai ƙanshin ceri mai daɗi.

Taskar Hoto: Miracle Cherry a bazara da bazara

Babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni muhimmi a cikin Miracle Cherry iri-iri:

• babban hatsi, kilogiram 12-15 na 'ya'yan itace daga itaciya ɗaya;
• manyan-iteda fruan itace;
• daidaitaccen yanayi;
• babban mataki na haƙuri haƙuri;
• resistancearin juriya ga cututtukan fungal masu haɗari coccomycosis da moniliosis;
• mai kyau hunturu hardiness na kara da matsakaita hunturu hardiness daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen buds.

Rashin dacewar nau'ikan sun hada da takin zamani na kai. Bishiyoyi ba su cika girma ba, amma 'ya'yan itatuwa ba sa kafa kwatankwacinsu ko samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa kaɗan. Wannan kayan yana halayyar yawancin dykes kuma yana buƙatar kasancewar bishiyoyi masu tsabtacewa akan wurin don tsabtacewa.

Bidiyo: Duke - wani nau'in cherries

Siffofin dasawa da girma dykes

Domin cherries yayi girma da kyau kuma sun bada ,a fruitan itace, dole ne a kula dasu sosai: a cikin bazara, datsa a kai a kai, takin, ruwa a wuta (musamman akan ƙasa mai yashi), tsaftace ciyawa da tarkace a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi.

Miracle Cherry Dates

Tun da dykes ne ceri-ceri hybrids, kuma ana kula da cherries a mafi yawan yankuna na kudu, juriya na dykes yana ƙasa da na cherries na yau da kullun. Wannan yana iyakance ikon girma Wonder Cherries a cikin yankuna na arewacin. A tsakiyar layi, tsakiyar watan Afrilu ana ɗauka mafi kyawun lokacin don saukar da Duke. Lokacin da barazanar bazara mai sanyi ta wuce, seedlings suna shirye don dasawa. Samuwar ceri seedlings ya dogara da dumama ƙasa da iska mai geza: zazzabi da digiri goma shine zazzabi iyaka, lokacin tafiyar da ciyayi zai fara da ƙare. Dankin ya shiga wani yanayi mai wahala lokacin da zazzabi ya sauka kasa da digiri goma. Saboda haka, ana shuka shuki mafi kyau yayin da ƙasa tayi zafi sama da +15^ºC.

Rabin na biyu na Afrilu shine mafi kyawun lokacin dasawa da dasa tsiron tsire-tsire. Kuma, alas, gajera ce: daga shaɗa ƙasa zuwa girma. Gwada kada ku manta da waɗannan ranakun na zinare, saboda bazarar novosady koyaushe suna ɗaukar tushen mafi kyau kuma basu da sauƙi ga damuwa. Ingantaccen iska da ƙasan ƙasa a wannan lokacin suna ba da gudummawa ga tsirrai

V.S. Zakotin, masanin kimiyya, masanin ilimin injiniya, yanki na Moscow Lambuna na Magazine na Russia, Afrilu 4, 2011

Ga yankuna na kudanci, ana bada shawara a dasa shuki a cikin bazara a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu, ko a cikin kaka a watan Oktoba, wata kafin farkon lokacin sanyi sanyi.

Shirya shafin

Zaɓin wurin da ya fi dacewa don haɓaka duke ceri, a fannoni da yawa yana ƙayyade ci gaban bishiyoyi na gaba da samun wadataccen mai. Matsayi don dasa bishiyoyi ya kamata ya zama mai lebur, buɗe, tare da kyakkyawan hasken rana a ko'ina cikin rana. Idan akwai gangara, to ya kamata su kasance masu ladabi, tare da gangaren da basu wuce 5-8 ba^º. Kasancewar inuwa yayi mummunar tasiri a kan ingancin 'ya'yan itacen, kwanciyar hankali da nuna alamun inganci. A cikin latitude na tsakiya, yana da kyau a dasa shukar dyke a cikin yankunan da ke fama da kudanci, kudu maso gabas ko kudu maso yamma. Kasancewar babban shinge da gine-gine kusa da wurin saukowa yana haifar da nau'in shinge don kare kananan bishiyoyi daga iska mai ƙarfi a arewa. Don yankuna na kudanci, yankin ya girma ya kamata ya zama yamma, arewa maso yamma ko arewa. Wannan zai ba da damar a cikin kwanakin zafi mai zafi don guje wa bushewa ƙasa na ƙona ganye. Yankunan ƙasa, musamman tare da ruwa mai tsafta da iska mai laushi, ba a son su girma Wonder Cherry. Irin waɗannan halayen suna lalata itace. Hakanan ana ba da izini ga matakin ƙasa mai zurfi - matakin kwanciyarsu bai kamata ya wuce 1.5-2 ba. Yawancin lokaci, tare da kusancin wurin da yake ƙarƙashin ruwa mai ƙasa (ƙasa da 2 m daga ƙasa), ana dasa cherries a kan ƙaramin dutse na 0.3-0.5 m.

Tsarin don girma Cherries Wonder yakamata ya zama yalwatacce, mai walƙiya, ba tare da ƙananan tuddai da gangara ba

A cikin yanayin yayin da seedlings suke shirin shuka a cikin bazara, ana bada shawara don shirya ramuka don dasa shuki a cikin bazara. Wani rami da aka haƙa a cikin girman ya cika tare da cakuda ƙasa mai fitar da takin ƙasa da takin ƙasa da hagu har zuwa lokacin bazara. Yin amfani da takin nitrogen a lokacin bazara ya kamata a nisanta shi.

Tare da dasa kaka, an shirya rami a gaba a kusan wata guda. Mafi kasa don girma dykes ne chernozems, launin ruwan kasa da kasa kasa, loams da yashi loams, da kyau mai-zafi, tare da sako-sako da tsari don tabbatar da isasshen ruwa da iska permeability na kasar gona. Idan ƙasa ta kasance yumɓu, ƙura, mai nauyi, don kwance shi a gaban dasa, ƙara yashi, takin, peat, bambaro. Acidity na ƙasa yana da mahimmanci yayin haɓaka ɗimbin ceri. Mabarta ta kamata ta kasance tsaka tsaki, a cikin kewayon (pH) na 6.5-7.0. Idan wannan manuniya ya fi girma, to, kafin dasa shuki, ƙasa an lalata shi da ƙari na itacen ash ko gari dolomite (ash ash 700-800 g / m^², gari dolomite - 350-400 g / m^²).

Zabin seedlings

Idan babu wasu ownan seedlings da suka girma don dasa shuki, yana da kyau ku sayi su a cikin gandun daji ko 'ya'yan itace masu shuka gonaki. Don dasawa, ya kamata mutum ya zaɓi annualan seedlings na shekara-shekara waɗanda ke da harbe-harbe da yawa, tsarin tushen ingantaccen tsari kuma itace cikakke. Don guje wa sayan wasan daji ko kayan tsiro masu ƙarancin gaske, ya zama dole a sayi tushen rootan itace da andan itace keɓaɓɓu.

Hoto na hoto: zaɓi na seedlingsan shuka da dasa su

Aka dasa cherries

Kafin dasa shuki seedlings alamar shafin. Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa nisa tsakanin bishiyoyi masu zuwa na gaba ya kamata ya zama aƙalla sau 3-4, kuma tsakanin layuka bishiyoyi akalla m 5. Bayan alamar shafin, ci gaba zuwa shirye-shiryen dasa ramuka. Idan ƙasa ta kasance m, girman ramin na iya zama daga 80x80 cm zuwa 90x90 cm, gwargwadon girman tsarin tushen. Zurfin ramin yawanci shine 40-50 cm. Girman ramin saitin yana bada shawarar karuwa da kashi 50% idan ƙasa ba tayi mai nauyi ba.

Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a dasa, Tushen seedlings ya kamata a kiyaye shi a cikin ruwa tare da tushen haɓaka abubuwa (Kornevin, Zircon). Kuna iya yin maganin ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan ko potassium humate don lalata yiwuwar kwayar cutar pathogenic ko naman gwari. Wannan pre-dasa magani daga cikin tushen ne da za'ayi idan seedlings suna da rauni ko lalace tsarin tsarin (musamman idan seedlings da bude tushen tsarin).

Mataki-mataki-saukowa tsari:

1. Bayar da tsawon da yawa daga cikin tushen seedling, shirya rami wani size dace. Manya, ƙasa mafi yawan ƙasa takin ƙasa (tsayinsa ya kai cm 20-30), lokacin tono, barin gefen ramin.
2. A ko'ina Mix takin gargajiya da ma'adinai da takin mai magani a cikin abun da ke ciki: 2-3 buckets na rotted taki ko takin, 1 kilogiram na itace ash, 100 g da sauki superphosphate (ko 60 g na biyu), 80 g na potassium sulfate (ko 40 g na potassium chloride) da kyau.
3. Ya kalli kasan ramin zuwa zurfin 8-10 cm kuma ya sanya kasar gona da guga 1 (10 l) na ruwan zafin daki.
4. Bayan ruwan ya sha, sai a sanya ma'adinin ma'adinai da kwayar halitta daga cikin ramin da aka toka a gefen matashin bakin ciki ta hanyar ruwa a cikin ramin. Cika rami ba fiye da 2/3. Bayan haka, sai a cakuda cakuda ƙasa gaba ɗaya da kadan.
5. Addamar da tallafin nan gaba na seedling da tabbaci a cikin tsakiyar ramin - gungumen azaba tare da diamita na 5-7 cm, tsawon 130-150 cm. Dole ne a yi wannan kafin dasa shuki, amma ba haka ba. Kusa da tallafin, zuba karamin tudun dasa shuki.
6. A seedlings nan da nan kafin dasa shuki bukatar datsa duk ya karye, najasa da m asalinsu.
7. A cikin pre-tattalin cakuda sabo taki tare da powdered lãka, tsoma tushen da shirye seedling. Yawancin cakuda yana kama da lokacin farin ciki mai tsami.
8. Rossoye ramin don sanya dogo. Lean seedling a kan goyon baya wanda ya sa tushen wuya (wurin da akwati ke shiga cikin tushen) yana a matakin ko sama da ƙasa ƙasa ta hanyar 6-8 cm.
9. A hankali yada da rarraba tushen seedling saukar da mound ƙasa.
10. A hankali cika Tushen tare da sauran ƙasa daga jujjuyawar, ana haɗa shi lokaci-lokaci.
11. Lokacin da aka rufe tushen da ƙasa game da 15 cm, wajibi ne don shayar da itacen da yalwa kuma cika ramin tare da duniya zuwa saman.
12. Ciyawa kasar gona kusa da seedling tare da takin ko humus tare da Layer of 10 cm.
13. Tare da amarya mai taushi, a hankali ɗaure itacen da aka dasa zuwa goyon bayan "takwas".

Bidiyo: tsarin dasa cherries

Muhimmin mahimmanci a kula: kusan duk nau'in dykes sune masu cin gashin kansu kuma basa cutar da juna, sabili da haka suna buƙatar pollinators. Idan za ta yiwu, yakamata a dasa bishiyoyi ɗaya ko biyu kusa da dykes da yawa. Ceri da ceri sun dace a matsayin masu pollinators. La'akari da cewa lokacin furanni na dyukes ba yawanci suke tare da su ba, ya zama dole a zabi ire-iren bishiyoyi masu inganci don ingancin pollination. Cherry ya kamata ya kasance da wuri, kuma ceri ya kamata ya kasance da wuri. Idan babu wani wuri don dasa pollinators akan rukunin yanar gizon, zaku iya dasa twigs da dama irin cherries da cherries a kambi na Duke.

Mafi kyawun pollinators don Miracle Cherry su ne Molodezhnaya, Lyubskaya da Bulatnikovskaya cherries, Iput, Cherry Donets, Yaroslavna cherries. Kada kuyi amfani da cherries Krupnoplodnaya da Valery Chkalov azaman pollinators.

Watering da kuma ciyar dykes

Shayar da bishiyoyi na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman yanayi don dabarun aikin gona don haɓakar su. Kabilar Cherryan ƙasa tana shayar da ruwa ta hanyar haɓaka yawan kayan aiki da fruitsa fruitsan itatuwa. Dukes, kamar dukkan amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace, ba a shayar da su a ƙarƙashin tushen ba, don kada a bijirar da tushen tushen kuma ya tsokani cututtukan bishiyoyi. Don ban ruwa, fuskoki biyu tare da zurfin kusan 15-20 cm an kafa su bisa ga tsinkayar kambi: na farko shine a nesa na 50 cm daga akwati, na gaba shima a nesa na 50 cm daga farkon. Ganin cewa dykes sune tsire-tsire masu jure fari, sun jure rashin wadatar ruwa fiye da hana ruwa. A sakamakon yawan danshi, ƙasa a ƙarƙashin cherries an haɗa, wanda ke haifar da cin zarafin yanayin haɓakarsa. A karkashin yanayin ruwan sama na yau da kullun a cikin bazara da bazara, bishiyoyin da suka girma suna buƙatar yawan shayarwa sau 4 a cikin lokacin girma:

• kai tsaye bayan fure (lokaci guda tare da saman miya);
• lokacin cika 'ya'yan itacen (kimanin kwanaki 15-20 kafin su yi toho);
• danshi recharging (hunturu) watering a watan Oktoba bayan ganye fall.

A lokacin ban ruwa, daga 3 zuwa 6 bulo na ruwa ana gabatar da su a ƙarƙashin kowace itaciya domin tushen farfajiyar ƙasa yana da kyau - 40 cm. Matasa na daskararru ana shayar da su sau biyu a mako don kwanakin 15-18 na farko bayan dasawa, sannan sai su ci gaba da sha sau ɗaya a mako. Buga biyu na ruwa sun isa seedling ɗaya. Bayan an shayar da ruwa gaba ɗaya, ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ceri an mulched tare da takin, ciyawa bushe ko peat. Ya kamata a shayar da bishiyoyi da sassafe ko da yamma bayan faɗuwar rana. Baya ga mulching, ya zama dole don lokaci-lokaci a kwance ƙasa a cikin da'irar akwati, kazalika da cire ciyawar a kai a kai. Ga kananan bishiyoyi, wannan ya kamata a yi a kalla sau ɗaya a mako.

Ya danganta da girman itaciyar, ana yin furfura ɗaya ko biyu don ban ruwa bisa ga tsinkayar kambi. A madadin, za a iya yin kananan ramuka na ruwa a cikin da'irar akwati.

Bidiyo: Kulawar ceri

Bayarda cewa ramin saukar da cike ya kasance cike da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai, ba za'a iya yin allurar ba a shekaru biyu zuwa uku masu zuwa. Bishiyoyi masu shekaru masu shekaru 3-4 bai kamata a cika overfed tare da takin mai magani ba (musamman kwayoyin), saboda wannan na iya haifar da fashewar harbe-harben zuwa lalacewar 'ya'yan itace. Lokacin da ake amfani da tushen miya, kwance ƙasa a ƙarƙashin cherries wajibi ne don tushen ya kasance da tushen al'ada kuma ana rarraba takin a cikin ƙasa.

Tebur: ciyar da ceri ckin masara tare da takin gargajiya da takin gargajiya

Cropping da kambin kambin na Miracle Cherry

Duke Miracle Cherry wani nau'i ne na cherries da cherries, saboda haka ya gaji alamunsu: itaciyar ta sami matsakaiciyar girma daga cherries, da kuma wurin da rassan daga cherries. An samo fure mai fure, kamar ceri - yafi akan rassan bouquet da harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara. Idan ba a kafa dirin dodo yadda yakamata ba, to kambin sa yana da siraran pyramidal mai rassa tare da rassa elongated sama, da bambanci da zagaye kambin ceri. A kai tsaye harbe harbe na 'ya'yan itace itatuwa sharuddan shafi fruiting tsari, rage amfanin gona da kuma wahalad da kan aiwatar da' ya'yan itace tarin. Don magance wannan matsalar, ana amfani da pruning daga cikin manyan rassan da harbe harbe.

Babban dalilin pruning cherries shi ne samuwar karfi mai tushe da kwarangwal rassan, sabuntawa na lokaci na tsufa harbe-harbe, tsawaita tsananin fruiting da lokacin aiki, daidaita girma, inganta ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ana datsa dykes dangane da shekarun itaciya: kafin a fara amfani da lokacin girbi - don daidai samuwar kambi, bayan ceri ya shiga tsawon kwanciyaryar fruiting - don tsara ci gaban itacen da yabanya.

Don Wonder Cherry, ana buƙatar nau'ikan pruning masu zuwa:

1. Tsarin tsari. Tare da taimakonsa, an kirkiro kambi na wani nau'in kuma girmansa, samuwar kwarangwal da rassa suna faruwa. Ana amfani dashi don ƙananan ƙwayoyin matasa waɗanda ke kan hanyar haɓaka mai ƙarfi, kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa farkon lokacin fruiting. Don dykes har zuwa shekaru biyar, ana yin pruning kowace shekara, bayan - idan ya cancanta. Tare da wannan pruning, kafuwar kambi na kwarangwal rassan an aza, a kan abin da forage harbe baya girma. A lokaci guda, ana yin gyaran abubuwa. Burin sa shine kaskantar da itaciyar da kuma hanzarta samun 'ya'yan itace.
2. Tsarin mulki (goyan baya). Yana ba ku damar adana girman rawanin kuma kula da mafi kyawun matsayin haskensa a ciki da waje. Sakamakon haka, an ƙirƙiri rabo mafi kyau tsakanin ciyayi masu aiki da 'ya'yan itace na cherries. Lokacin da tsawon harbe suka kai 30 cm, girbi mai sarrafawa shine ƙirƙirar ma'auni tsakanin adadin tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire.
3. Anti tsufa. Irin wannan pruning yana ƙarfafa haɓakar sabon harbe a cikin manyan sarakuna sama da shekara takwas. A lokaci guda, yawan rassa tare da fure-fure yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke ba da damar haɓaka shekarun itacen da ke taimakawa kuma yana haɓaka haɓakar ceri.
4. Ana yin girki mai sake faruwa lokacin da itacen ya lalace ta hanyar mummunan yanayi (rashin lafiya, kwari, sanyi) ko kuma in babu kulawar da ta dace. Wannan pruning na taimaka wa shuka wajen dawowa yadda ya saba da kuma ingantaccen 'ya'yan itace.

Don ƙirƙirar kambin lafiya mai jituwa tare da cherries, cire duk harbe da ke ƙasa da rassan kwarangwal, drooping harbe na ƙananan rassan, thickening kambi da rassan girma

Ainihin ka'idodi game da samar da matasa matasa Duke seedlings:

1. An kafa kambi na itacen bisa ga tsarin tsattsauran-zato.
2. Cheran shekara ɗayan ceri na ɗan itace ana dasa shi nan da nan bayan an dasa shuki. Lateral harbe rage zuwa 3-4 mafi a ko'ina located buds. Tsarin tsakiya (shugaba) yakamata ya zama 10-15 cm a saman girma na harbe a saman gefen. Idan seedling yana da buds a shirye don buɗe, dole ne a cire su. Rage dukkan harbe saukar da akwati zuwa 2/3 na tsawon.
3. A cikin shekara ta biyu a cikin bazara, duk abubuwan ci gaban shekara-shekara ya kamata a rage su zuwa toho na waje don guje wa haɓakar su kai tsaye zuwa sama.
4. A ƙarshen bazara na shekara ta uku, an kafa rassa 6-9 na kasusuwa a wurin da aka yanke gajerun rassan. An yanke su cikin rabi, suna barin girman 50-60 cm bara. Gefen-gefen-gefen harbe harbe takaice har zuwa uku buds. Rassan suna girma a cikin kambi an yanke su gabaɗaya saboda kar suyi ƙwanin rawanin.

Bidiyon: Dankin kwalliya mai diga

Ana yin kayan kwullar cherry a cikin hunturu da kuma lokacin rani. Mafi kyawun lokacin yankan dykes ana ɗauka ƙarshen ƙarshen hunturu da farkon bazara - kafin budding. A lokaci guda, zazzabi na yanayi ya kamata a kalla + 8-10^ºC. Dole ne a ɗauka a cikin zuciya cewa lalacewar ƙwayar cuta tana sa ƙasa rauni sosai. Hakanan za'a iya shayar da babban adadin cherry a farkon shekarun Yuni. Rage girman tsayin itacen za'a iya samu ta hanyar datsa ɓangaren ɓangaren kambi zuwa reshen gefen. Ya kamata a aiwatar da wannan aikin bayan shigowar bishiyoyi zuwa 'ya'yan itace. A farko pruning na iya haɓaka ci gaban Duke. Rage kambi ana yin sa ne a bazara, hada shi da girbin.

Don matasa seedlings, wanda har yanzu babu wani thickening da kambi, pruning za a iya maye gurbinsu deflection na rassan. Don wannan, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi, ingantaccen harbe wanda ba ya shiga cikin samuwar rassan kwarangwal, amma ana iya amfani dashi azaman 'ya'yan itace, karkacewa daga tsaye a 45-60^º. Irin wannan karkatarwa yana ba ku damar rage girman itacen kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga fidda reshe tare da harbe mai .a .an itace. Mafi inganci don haɓaka fruiting shine kin amincewa da rassan kwarangwal na farko-biyu daga shekaru biyu zuwa huɗu. Lokacin da aka ƙi reshe, madaidaiciya dole ne a kiyaye. Lokacin da ya fi dacewa da wannan tsari shine Mayu-Yuni.

Ana amfani da hanyoyi da yawa don bayyana rassan: an ɗaure su zuwa akwati ko ƙananan reshe (Fig. 1,2,3), zuwa ɗigon a cikin ƙasa (Fig. 4) ko zuwa kebul ɗin da aka shimfiɗa a ƙasa (Hoto 5), sun kuma sanya mai saiti tsakanin reshe kuma itace kututture

Tsarin bishiyoyi na hunturu

Cherries-dyukov suna halin mai kyau hunturu hardiness na kara da matsakaita hunturu hardiness 'ya'yan itace buds. Sabili da haka, abubuwan musamman don shirya bishiyoyin don lokacin hunturu ba su gudana.

Treesawan bishiyoyin 'yan kwalliya suna bayar da ƙarfi (80-120 cm) tsiro na shekara-shekara. Babban sashinsu (30-40 cm) sau da yawa ba ya girma, daskarewa a cikin hunturu, kuma a cikin bazara wajibi ne don cire shi. Gardenerswararrun lambu da ke ba da shawara suna buɗe ƙwayoyin harbe a lokacin rani lokacin da suka kai cm 60-80. Wannan yana ba da gudummawar ci gaban harbe a rabin rabin bazara. Kambi ya zama mai kauri, harbe lokacin bazara (musamman idan lokacin bazara ya bushe da zafi) suna da lokacin girma da kyau, lignify da hunturu ba tare da lalacewar sanyi ba. Tare da raguwa a hankali a cikin zafin jiki na iska, Miracle Cherry kambi na iya tsayayya da lokacin sanyi zuwa -30^ºC. Thaws a lokacin hunturu-lokacin sanyi, sanadiyyar rage zafin jiki zuwa debewa 25, sun kasance masu hadarin gaske^ºC. Wannan yana haifar da daskarewa na fure fure kuma yana haifar da raguwa, wani lokacin rashin cikakken yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Domin guje wa lalacewa ta hunturu, a ƙarshen Yuli ya zama dole don tanƙwara na sama na ba tukuna harbe harbe tare da baka a cikin shugabanci mafi kyawun haske da amintaccen tare da igiya. Wannan aiki zai taimaka maturation na lokaci mai girma na girma da kuma apical buds, wanda, bi da bi, zai haɓaka taurin hunturu na itaciyar, ƙari, fruiting na shuka zai hanzarta kuma girman kambi zai ragu.

G.M. Utochkin, cikakken memba na Cibiyar Nazarin Ilmi na Moscow, Chelyabinsk Gidaje na Magazine na Russia, Lambar 1, Maris-Afrilu 2010

Lokacin shirya dykes don hunturu, ya kamata a aiwatar da ayyuka da yawa a cikin lambu:

1. Filin da ke ƙarƙashin bishiyun an share da ciyawa, 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye da suka lalace. Ya kamata a haƙa ƙasa da takin ƙasa.
2. Idan ya cancanta (idan kaka kaka bushe), ana yin ban ruwa mai ban ruwa - 50-60 l (buhu 5-6) na ruwa a ƙarƙashin bishiya ɗaya. Bayan an yi ruwa, an yanke ciyawar da ciyawa tare da takin ko peat har zuwa 10 cm lokacin farin ciki.
3. Treeks Treeks dole ne a whitereyhed tare da whitewash lambu ko cakuda lemun tsami lemun tsami tare da mullein. Tsarin fari na whitewash ya isa tsakiyar ɓangaren kwarangwal.
4. Tumbin sarakuna daskararre ne, saboda haka basa tsari daga sanyi. Mai tushe da ƙananan rassa suna kare kariya daga lalacewa ta hanyar zuriya. Don yin wannan, akwati an rufe shi da kyau tare da raga mai kyau. Don matasa seedlings, raga ko agromaterial za a iya rauni tsakanin net da gangar jikin.

Autumn whitewashing na ceri-duke akwati taimaka wajen guje wa daskarewa a lokacin kwatsam hunturu thaws da kuma hana kwaro larvae daga wintering

Cututtuka da Cututtukan kwari

Saboda haɗuwa da alamun cherries da cherries, dykes suna tsayayya da babba, cututtukan fungal masu haɗari, da kuma cin nasarar yawancin kwari. Haɓaka nau'in daskarar da ke da ƙwayar cuta ta itace ɗayan hanyoyi mafi inganci don magance matsalar. A halin yanzu, nau'in wannan al'ada an san cewa suna da tsayayyen tsayayya da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar cututtukan fungal. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayin m (lokacin bazara mai sanyi, lokacin sanyi tare da tsananin sanyi), ƙoshin kulawar da ta cancanta ko zaɓi na nau'in ceri wanda bai dace da yankin ba, a galibi lokuta dykes na iya shafar cututtukan fungal. Don haka, ya zama dole a dauki matakan dakile wadannan cututtukan.

Fungal cututtuka Miracle Cherries

Yawancin Duke sune tsayayyun cututtukan ceri kamar su moniliosis da coccomycosis. Lokaci-lokaci, bishiyoyin zai iya shafawa ta hanyar claustosporiosis (tabo mara nauyi), cytosporosis, da anthracnosis. Amma wannan shi ne banda dokar, kuma tare da kyakkyawar kulawa ta itace da fasahar aikin gona, za a iya guje wa waɗannan cututtukan. Koyaya, akwai barazanar gaske na wasu cututtukan da za'a iya shafar Wonder Cherry.

Tebur: Miracle ceri cututtuka, alamu da magani

Hoton Hoto: Cutar cututtukan fungal na Duke

Baya ga hanyoyin hana cututtukan fungal na ceri-duke da aka nuna a cikin tebur, akwai maganin gargajiya na bishiyoyi masu yaɗuwa daga cututtukan ta hanyar fesawa kafin da bayan fure tare da maganin 2% na Bordeaux cakuda ko kuma sulfate.

Abin al'ajabin kwayoyi masu sa kwayar cutar cherry

Daga cikin yawancin kwari da ke shafar bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace, Duke Miracle Cherry ita ce mai saukin kamuwa da shi kawai zuwa ceri mucous sawfly, ceri tashi da aphid.

Tebur: Dwararrun kwari Duke da sarrafawa

Hoton Hoto: Laifi zuwa Cherryan Ciki ta hanyar Inji

Matakan kariya daga tsallewar ceri sune: tono ƙasa a kusa-da'irar 15-20 cm a kaka da bazara, cikakken girbi. Fesa tare da kowane maganin da aka yarda ya zama wajibi: na farko - kwanaki 10-12 bayan tashi, na biyu - kwanaki 10-12.

T. Alexandrova, mai girbi kayan marmari, agronomist Mujallar Gudanar da Gidan, Ba 2, Fabrairu 2010

Bidiyo: Tsabtace Tsabtace Fanyen Tsarin Ciki

Ofaya daga cikin matakan magance aphids shine yaƙi da tururuwa. Suna yada aphids a kan sabo harbe, zaunar da su a can kuma ciyar a kan gado - zaki da aphid secretions. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kawar da tururuwa a gonar. Zaku iya zuba tafasasshen ruwa a cikin turus ɗin ko kuma ku feshe shi da maganin ƙwaro. Hakanan ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar sanya belts na farauta mai tushe a kan karar ceri. Haɓaka gangar jikin, tururuwa suna faɗuwa a kan matattakala ƙasa kuma sun rasa ikon motsi. Amma ban da cutarwar da tururuwa suke haddasawa ta hanyar kiwo aphids, suna kawo wasu fa'idodi, kasancewa da umarnin gonar. Domin kada ya rikitar da daidaiton yanayin halittu, zaku iya ƙoƙarin kawar da tururuwa kawai daga shafin.

Bidiyo: aphids muhalli

A yayin da waɗannan hanyoyin sarrafa aphids basu isa ba ko kuma ƙawayenta sun yi yawa, ɗauki matakan tsattsauran ra'ayi - fesawa da magungunan kashe kwari. Wadannan sun hada da hanyar saduwa (kai tsaye) mataki, aikin hanji da magunguna na tsari. An yi la'akari da magungunan kwari na tsari mafi inganci, suna da tsawon lokaci (daga makonni biyu zuwa ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu, saboda sun shiga cikin ƙwayoyin tsirrai a hankali), haka kuma juriya ga wankewa.

Ba za ku iya amfani da waɗannan kuɗin a lokacin furannin cherries (wannan na iya haifar da lalata pollinating kwari) kuma bayan wata guda kafin girbi.

Mafi amintattun sun haɗa da magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta - Fitoverm, Iskra-Bio, Actarin. Ayyukansu suna da ma'ana kuma yana shafar wasu nau'in kwari ne kawai. Ana amfani da feshe tare da waɗannan kwayoyi a cikin bazara kafin fure da bayanta, da kuma lokacin girkewar 'ya'yan itace.

Bidiyo: sarrafa sinadaran cherries daga aphids

A sosai farko na lura da dykes, don halakar overwintered karin kwari da suka ba tukuna farka, bada shawarar da za'ayi a cikin marigayi Maris ko Afrilu farkon, kafin ya kwarara ruwan itace fara. Ana aiwatar da sarrafawa ta hanyar feshin bishiyoyin tare da maganin 7% na urea (urea) - 700 g da lita 10 na ruwan dumi. Na biyu spraying ne da za'ayi a cikin "kore mazugi" mataki (farkon farawar da kodan).

Ya kamata a yi yayyafa kawai a yanayi mai kyau - aƙalla digiri goma.

Tarin, adanawa da amfani da girbin Miracle Cherry

Bambancin Miracle Cherry yana nufin farkon ripening, 'ya'yan itãcen sun haɗu a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni. Yawan amfanin ƙasa iri-iri sosai, ana girbe kilogiram 12-15 na kayan zaki, mai daɗi, 'ya'yan itace mai daɗi daga bishiya ɗaya. Kamar yawancin nau'in dykes, Wonder Cherry ita ce madaidaiciyar duniya kuma tana da ban sha'awa don amfani sabo da aiki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na ƙarƙashin ikon daskarewa, ruwan' ya'yan itace mai inganci, kayan adanawa, goge-goge, giya da giya an yi su. Hakanan ana buƙatar samfuran lambu a masana'antar kayan abinci.

Hotunan Hoto: Yin Amfani da Wonderanyen Wonderari na Abinci

Don amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace, akwai digiri biyu na balaga - cirewa da mabukaci:

• a lokacin balaga na cirewa, girma na 'ya'yan itatuwa da tara abubuwan kwayoyi sun cika, sun zama sun dace da harkokin sufuri, sarrafa fasaha ko adana lokaci mai tsawo, amma har yanzu basu sami sifofin dandano gaba daya halayyar iri-iri;
• balaga na mabukaci yana faruwa lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen suka sami halayen launi na iri-iri, ƙanshi da mafi kyawun dandano;

A cikin cherries, cirewa da kuma balaga mai amfani kusan daidai.

Don ƙarin zirga-zirga, ana girbe 'ya'yan itacen ceri a cikin kwanaki 4-5, don aiki na fasaha - kwanaki 2-3 kafin cikar balaga, da siyarwa a kan tabo - a cikin yanayin balaga na masu amfani.

Don amfani da hanzari, ana cire 'ya'yan itacen da cikakken balaga, don canning - 3 ... kwanaki 5, don sufuri - 5 ... 7 kwanaki kafin cikakken balaga. Ana adana Cherries tsawon kwana 10 daga ranar tattarawa a zazzabi -0.5 ... 0ºС da zafi na 90%. Ana adana cherry mai sanyi daga watanni 9 zuwa 12. Don samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa bushe, an zaɓi iri tare da babban abun ciki mai bushe a cikin' ya'yan itatuwa.

Yu.V. Trunov, likita S.-kh. kimiyyar, farfesa 'Ya'yan itacen girma, 2012

Babban wakilan nau'in nau'in ceri ceri

Baya ga Miracle Cherry iri-iri, dangin dukes yana wakilta ta manyan manyan iri daban-daban. Suna da halaye masu yawa na yau da kullun, irin su babban lokacin hunturu, kyawawan halayen ɗanɗano na 'ya'yan itacen, juriya ga manyan cututtuka, manyan frua'idodi da kyawawan abubuwa. Bambanci shi ne cewa a wasu sarakuna a lokacin sanyi hunturu kawai fure fure na iya lalacewa, yayin da a wasu - ma kwarangwal da kuma harbe harbe. Matsayi daban na juriya na sanyi yana iyakance yankuna na narkar da wannan amfanin gona: a cikin yankuna na arewacin, dykes baya yaduwa kuma baya talaucin bada 'ya'ya.

Tebur: halaye na manyan nau'ikan ceri biyu

Bidiyo: gabatar da nau'ikan duke ceri

Mafi kyawun pollinators na nau'in ceri ceri:

1. Duke Nurse - Taro na Cherries, Podbelskaya; irin cherries Krupnoplodnaya, Valery Chkalov.
2. Dyuk Ivanovna - Cherries Shalunya, Podbelskaya; irin cherries Babban-fruited, Franz Joseph.
3. Duke Nadezhda - Cherries na Kent, Babban Manyan, Lada; irin cherries Valery Chkalov, Babban-fruited.
4. Duke Griot Melitopol - cherries Jiran, haɗuwa, Podbelskaya da nau'ikan cherries Vinka da Valery Chkalov.
5. Duke Toy - minx cherries, Samsonovka da cherries Valery Chkalov, Krupnoplodnaya, Franz Joseph.

Nasiha

Ba zan yi magana game da iri iri na Rasha ba a yanzu, amma a cikin Ukraine suna da kyau sosai: haɗuwa, Toy, Miracle Cherry, Abin da aka fi so. Cherries Alpha, giant Donetsk, Erdie Botherme da sauransu .. Tare da haka, Podbelskaya shima yana da zane - Griot Podbelsky. Duke kuma ya kamata ya zama mai ɗanɗano, mafi inganci da manyan-fruited - saboda ita ce ƙwaya da cherries.

Stanislav N., Kiev//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=25

Na yi rigakafin ceri (Iput, Fatezh) akan ceri Vladimir a kambi - itacen "ya ƙone", amma sun sami nasarar rashin lafiya. Amma dole a cire komai. Hakanan akwai itacen Miracle Cherry Duke, amma dandano yana tsaka-tsaki, babu wani ƙwayawar ceri kuma ba mai daɗi da mai kwalliya kamar cherries ... Matasa Cherry yana da ɗanɗano guda ɗaya (kamar dai hade da ceri mai zaki).

Boris 12, Moscow//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=37

Esudan zuma pollinate da ceri mai ban sha'awa, ba za a sami matsaloli tare da pollination a Donetsk ba, kusan kowa yana da cherries mai kyau a cikin lambu. A cikin shekarun da ba kasafai ba, saboda yanayin, ƙudan zuma na iya dakatar da tashi, sannan kuma yana da kyau idan nau'ikan pollinator suka girma a kusa. Kusa da kusa - ya kai mita 10, mafi kusanci, mafi kyau. Don pollination, dasa bishiyar itace ba ya dogara da gefen duniya ba, yafi mahimmanci anan inda iska zata busa.

Cherry, Ukraine//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/archive/index.php/t-1752-p-2.html

Zuwa nau'in coccomycosis tare da bambance bambancen juriya ya cika. Amma wannan bai dace sosai ba, idan guda ɗaya ne ke tsayayya da moniliosis zai zama kyauta. Ina da guda biyu kawai da ke tsiro - Miracle Cherry, bishiyar matasa, farkon fure ya kasance. A bara, da wani frantic na baya baya (15 mita bãya, duk makwabta ja cherries daga moniliosis) bai yi rashin lafiya, ya ba da dama berries. Nan kusa Julia ba shi da lafiya. Ina ji nan gaba na shugabannin ...

Evgeny Polyanin, Kamyshin, Yankin Volgograd//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=37

Abin mamaki ceri - babban zaɓi! Abubuwan mamaki na fure mai ban sha'awa tare da farkon cherries, wanda ke fitar da shi da kyau, amma akwai togiya - Valery Chkalov, alal misali. Miracle Cherry kanta ba zata iya gurbata kowa ba; Maƙwabta ba sa girma cherries, ita da kanta za ta sami pollinator :)? Don pollinators, a nan akwai nasiha daga marubucin ire-iren: “Mafi kyawun pollinators su ne iri mai cakulan Donetsk ugolok, Donchanka, Yaroslavna, Homestead, Sister, Annushka da sauransu .. Banda su shine Valery Chkalov, yellow Drogan, Krupnoplodnaya, Farewell da Valeria (L. I. Taranenko, 2004). "

Ptichka, Ukraine//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/archive/index.php/t-1752-p-2.html

Sanin fa'idodi da rashin amfanin dyukas, halayen iri da fasalolin kulawa da wannan amfanin gona, ba shi da wahala a zaɓi dabbar da ta dace don lambun ku. Babban abu shine cewa bishiyoyi masu lafiya suna ba da farin ciki a cikin bazara - ƙanshin furanni, kuma a lokacin rani - 'ya'yan itatuwa masu marmari. Ko da ɗan lambu mai saukataccen abu ne na iya yin irin wannan kyakkyawan Miracle mai ban sha'awa da banmamaki akan ƙasan ƙasar sa.