Inabi a Russia basu da saukin girma. Yawancin nau'ikan da suka dace da yanayin yanayin zafi don tsananin zafin hunturu suna da ɗanɗano na mediocre. Amma akwai nau'ikan tsari wanda cikinsu duka dandano da tsananin hunturu suna cikin babban matakin. Wadannan matasan 'ya'yan itace sun hada da' ya'yan itacen inabi Cvarysh.
Tarihin namo innabi na Chernysh
A matasan irin aronia Chernysh samu daga shayarwa VNIIViV gare su. Ya.I. Potapenko. Bred a kan tushen tsallaka Agate Donskoy da Rusomol. Ya fi mayar da kwatancen kaddarorin Agate Donskoy sabili da haka ana ɗaukar ingantaccen tsarin wannan nau'ikan.
Sakamakon girman tsaran seedlings, kyakkyawan dandano da sauran fa'ida, ya sami shahara tsakanin masu noman giya a Rasha.
Chernysh innabi iri-iri - bidiyo
Bayanin sa
Baƙar fata yana da kyau kuma ana bada shawara don cin abinci. Yana da farkon farfadowa - daga farkon lokacin girma zuwa cikakkiyar girma, kimanin kwanaki 115-120 suka wuce.
Kasancewa farkon iri-iri, Chernysh riga ya yi duhu a farkon Yuli
Ana nuna bushes ɗin ta hanyar alamu na haɓaka masu matsakaici, marasa galihu a cikin wannan nau'in iyayen Agat Donskoy. Bushes suna girma "mai yawa", tare da adadin manyan harbe (wanda sama da kashi 75% suke hayayyafa), wanda ke girma da kyau ta kaka. A halayyar fasalin iri-iri ne mai kyau rayuwa na cuttings to stock, kazalika da babban ikon tushen samuwar. A iri-iri ba ya bukatar pollinating shuke-shuke, kamar yadda yana da bisexual furanni.
Tare da kulawa da ta dace, kowane harbe Chernysh yana ba da brushes 1.5-2 na inabai
Ana yin matsakaicin 1.5-1.8 goge a kan kowane kayan 'ya'yan itace. Gungu suna da yawa (500-700 g, wani lokacin 1000 g), cylindrical-conical ko kuma marasa tsari. Tsarin gungu yana da yawa. The berries ne mai siffar zobe, maimakon manyan - 2.2 ... 2.6 cm a diamita, an rufe shi da bakin ciki fata na duhu shuɗi ko shudi-ruwan launi-launi. A ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da fa'idar rubutu da kuma jituwa mai jituwa tare da ɗan halayyar ɗan halayyar. Abun sukari yana da girma sosai - 16-17%, kuma a cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace akwai 6-9 g / l na acid.
Halaye iri-iri
Chernysh an yarda da girma da tsakiyar-itacen inabi-growers, saboda wannan innabi yana da ab advantagesbuwan amfãni masu yawa:
- babban kayan aiki (14-15 kg daga 1 daji);
- kyakkyawan dandano da kyawun bayyanar berries;
- saurin warkar da fashewar abubuwa wanda ke faruwa lokacin da kasar ke da ruwa;
- tsawon shiryayye rayuwar berries a kan bushes;
- maimakon juriya mai sanyi (har zuwa -25 ... -26 game daC), wanda ya sa bushes hunturu sosai ko da hasken tsari;
- jure cututtuka, musamman mildew, oidium da launin toka rot.
Tunda Chernysh daga zuriyar Agat Donskoy ne kuma yayi kama da wannan nau'ikan iri-iri a bayyanar, yawancin masu shayarwa suna kwatanta iri biyu kuma lura da bambance-bambance masu kyau na Chernysh:
- Berriesaƙƙarfan baƙi suna da cikakkiyar launi mai kyau da kyakkyawan launi da dandano mai yawa;
- lokacin girma yayi gajarta, amfanin gona ya gabata;
- mafi girma kudaden da tushen cuttings.
Wannan ba za a ce Chernysh gaba daya bashi da aibi. A cikin hasken rana, berries na iya konewa kuma ya rasa gabatarwa. Tare da wuce haddi danshi, da berries crack har ma da warkarwa ba tare da rotting, bayyanar da berries deteriorates.
Dasa kuma girma dokoki
Don dasa inabi, ana buƙatar yanki mai amfani da ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci, kariya daga iska mai sanyi, ana buƙata. Karancin ruwan ya kamata ya kasance ba kusa da 1.5 m daga farfajiya.
Kamar sauran nau'in innabi, Chernysh an shuka shi mafi kyau a cikin bazara (Maris - farkon May a cikin yankuna na Kudancin, shekaru na biyu na Afrilu - ƙarshen May a tsakiyar layi). Tun da Chernysh yana da isasshen juriya na sanyi, ana iya dasa shi a cikin bazara. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole a tuna cewa kawai za'a iya amfani da cikakkun 'ya'yan itace don dasa shuki, ƙasa ta kasance mai laushi sosai, kuma makonni 3-4 ya kamata har sai sanyi.
Don dasa shuki a cikin bazara, zaku iya amfani da dasa shuki-tushen ko grafting a tsaga.
Domin rigakafin ya yi nasara, ya kamata a ɗaura hannun jari tare da mayafi ko tef na lantarki don tabbatar da kyakkyawar hulɗa tare da silar
An yanke yankan don dasawa daga ɓangaren itacen da ya girma (idanun idanun ya kamata a kalla 4-5) kuma a cikin rabin rabin Fabrairu an sanya su tare da yanki a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ko a cikin kwalbar ruwa. Yawanci, ta Afrilu, cuttings suna ba da isasshen tushen don dasawa cikin bude ƙasa.
Yanke sanya a cikin kwalba na ƙasa m da sauri ba tushe
Ya kamata a shirya rami don dasa inabi a cikin makonni 2-3. Zurfin da fadi ya kamata ya zama iri ɗaya kuma daidai yake da 0.7 ... 0.8 m. Zai ba da shawarar a saka magudanar magudanar dutse ko ƙyallen bulo a ƙarshen ramin (musamman ma a gaban danshi mai ɗaci). A samansa, zuwa rabin zurfin ramin, takin da aka haɗe shi da ƙasa an haɗe shi da ƙari 20-30 g na superphosphate. An rufe cakuda abinci mai gina jiki tare da dunƙule na duniya.
Lokacin dasa shukar inabi, kar ka manta da cika abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ramin - zasu tallafa wa shuka har tsawon shekaru 2-3
Lokacin dasa shuki, dole ne a kula da kar a karya matattarar matasa marasa tushe. Bayan compacted kuma shayar da ƙasa a kusa da seedling, yana da kyau a rufe shi da ciyawa domin ya riƙe danshi daɗewa.
Dasa inabi a cikin bazara - bidiyo
Wata hanyar da ta dace don yaduwar inabi ita ce keɓewa. Marubucin waɗannan layin ya iya samun nasarar yada kusan kowane nau'in innabi a wannan hanyar. Abin sani kawai ya zama dole don zaɓar wani tudu wanda ya dace da shi kuma a hankali ya haƙa shi tare da ƙasa, kuma daga sama latsa ƙasa da haƙa tare da duwatsu ko tubalin. Tare da kyakkyawan shayarwa, Tushen zai bayyana da sauri akan yankin da aka haƙa daga itacen inabi. Kawai kada ku yi saurin raba shuka daga mahaifiyar daji. A farkon ƙoƙari na yaduwa ta hanyar sanya farashi, marubucin ya yi irin wannan kuskuren kuma duk abin da, kamar yadda ya yi kama da, bushesan daji mai zaman kansa kusan ya bushe.
Tare da taimakon layer, zaka iya samun adadin innabi bushes da sauri
Kula da inabi Chernysh
Kamar sauran nau'ikan, Chernysh na buƙatar yin ruwa na yau da kullun, kayan miya da kuma pruning.
Kodayake bushes ba su da ƙarfi sosai a girma, suna buƙatar a fasalta su don girbi mai kyau. Zai fi dacewa da samar da wani innabi daji a cikin hanyar fan a kan jere-jere trellises. Idan ana so, zaku iya shuka inabi akan baka ko wasu nau'ikan tallafi.
Taimakawa don inabi - gidan hoto
- Ana ba da iska mai kyau a kan trellis tare da mai visor zuwa bushes
- Idan an girma inabi ba kawai don girbi ba, har ma don dalilai na ado, zaku iya shuka shi akan baka
- Ana kiranta Viomshem wani tsarin tsinkaye na kwance wanda zai baka damar shuka daji "creeping"
Yanke inabi a cikin bazara da kaka. A cikin bazara, pruning ya kamata ya samar da kaya na al'ada akan daji. Don Chernysh, idanu 35-45 ne. Yawanci, an shirya itacen inabin na idanu 6-8, amma ga Chernysh an ba shi izinin aiwatar da ɗan gajeren girki (idanun 3-4), tun da wannan innabi an bambanta shi ta hanyar ƙwayar girma a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren harbe.
Tsarin innabi - Bidiyo
A cikin kaka, ya zama dole don yanke suttukan da ba su da kyau na harbe, kazalika da cire matsanancin ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoye. Idan ya cancanta, zamu juya daji don musanyawa, zabi kyawawan harbe-harbe, kuma an datse tsoffin kwanduna a gindi.
A cikin hunturu, yana da kyau a rufe bushes, duk da tsananin juriyarsu. Don yin wannan, an cire shi daga kayan tallafi da yankan vines suna kunshe da saukar da su ƙasa. Don dumama, an haɗa harbe tare da bambaro, agrofabric, fim ko wasu kayan.
Inabi wanda aka rufe shi da fim kuma ya yayyafa shi da ƙasa tabbas zai kasance hunturu ba tare da matsaloli ba
Watering da inabi wajibi ne - kasar gona ya kamata a matsakaici m. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine ban ruwa na ruwa, amma idan ba zai yiwu a tsara shi ba, ana samar da ruwa a cikin adadin 50-60 a kowace daji 1 sau 4-5 a kowace kakar. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar danshi yayin lokacin ganye, kafin fure, a lokacin haɓakar ovary, da kuma bayan girbi. A cikin kaka mai bushe, ana buƙatar wani ruwa - dima-caji (120 l ta 1 daji), wanda za'ayi a watan Nuwamba don inganta yanayin tushen tsarin hunturu.
Bai kamata a zuba ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe ba; kuna buƙatar yanke furrows don ban ruwa a nesa na 50-60 cm daga tushe.
A lokacin ripening, inabi bai kamata a shayar - da berries na iya crack. Gaskiya ne, Chernysh yana da kyau a cikin waccan bishiyoyin da ke fashe suna warkewa cikin sauri kuma kar suyi rot.
Tsarin shayar da inabi a ƙarƙashin tushe - bidiyo
Ciyar tana son kowane innabi. Suna buƙatar haɗuwa tare da ban ruwa, kuma ana amfani da shirye-shiryen potassium da phosphorus daga abubuwan ma'adinai. Siffar Chernysh takamaiman ne na musamman don karuwar adadin takin na takin zamani. Bai kamata a kwashe kwayoyin halittar Nitrogen ba - suna haifar da karuwar ganyayyaki ga lalacewar samuwar gidan kwai. Tabbas, shuka ba zai rayu ba tare da nitrogen kwata-kwata, amma tare da gabatarwar isasshen adadin kwayoyin halitta, an gamsu da bukatar inabi a cikin mahadi na nitrogen. Baya ga girke girke, yana da amfani a fesa inabi tare da mafita daga abubuwan ganowa (boron, zinc).
Ciyar da inabi - bidiyo
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Baƙi a zahiri ba su ba da cututtukan fungal kamar su mildew, oidium da daskararrun launin toka. Koyaya, idan kuna son kare amfanin gonarku daga damar, ya kamata ku ciyar da jiyya na hana 2-3 tare da cututtukan fungicides (alal misali, cakuda Bordeaux ko ruwan lemun tsami).
Don kare kan tsuntsaye da wasar, ya fi kyau kada ku ɓata lokaci da ƙoƙari don kunsa kowane goga tare da raga ko jakar masana'anta.
Jaka wacce aka daure a kan buroshi ta dogara itace zata iya fitar da kwari daga kwari
Girbi, adanawa da amfanin gona
Kuna iya girbi daga bushes na Cvarysh a watan Agusta (a farkon watan - a yankuna masu ɗumi, a ƙarshen watan - a wurare masu sanyi). Manyan goge mai yawa suna jure yanayin sufuri da kyau, musamman idan an sanya su cikin akwatunan m.
Ba lallai ba ne a cire kullun cikakke; sun riƙe kan itacen da kyau har tsawon makonni 3-4 bayan fadowa. Ana iya adana abubuwan tari da aka tattara na makonni 2-3 a cikin firiji ko cikin ɗaki mai sanyi.
Yawanci, Chernysh an cinye sabo ne, amma zaka iya amfani dashi don yin gora ko kayan baya. Godiya ga dandano mai ban sha'awa na “blueberry”, wannan innabi yana fitar da kayan zaki da giya.
Ruwan ruwan innabi baƙar fata ba kawai dadi ba ne, har ma yana da kyau sosai
Nazarin masu bugun giya
A cikin shekarar farko ta fruiting, nau'in Cvarysh akan goge 26 ya ba 13 kg don shekara ta 2011 akan 32 goge 14 kg. Amma a cikin 2012, ya kori dukkan vines - wen. Kuma babu wani girbi. 7kg ne kawai a wannan shekara yanayin yana iya maimaita kansa. A kurangar kauri ne, ganyen yana da girma, amma goge an ɗaure shi ƙanana. Tun daga bara, ta daina ciyar da ita, tana tunanin cewa daji yana da irin wannan amsa ga kulawa mai kyau.
Natalia Ivanovna, Uryupinsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2770
Daga ra'ayi na, manyan bambance-bambancen sune: 1. Kamar yadda aka fada a baya, lokacin da aka fashe, fatar ba ta jujjuyawa, kuma tana iya rataye akan bushes na dogon lokaci. 2. Ku ɗanɗani. Agate Don yana da ciyawa. A Chernysha - ya cancanci cancanta. 3. Launi. Agate Donskoy tare da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Chernysh kusan baki ne. 4. Rooting of cuttings a cikin ƙasa bude. Agatha Donskoi ne mediocre, Chernysh yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa na seedlings-saman tare da ƙaƙƙarfan tushen tsarin 80 - 95%.
sss64//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=2770
Chernysh iri ɗaya ne Don Agate, kawai a cikin bayanin martaba :) Dubi matakin acidity a cikin sukari na 17% - har zuwa 9%! Don haka ku ɗanɗani waɗannan nau'ikan biyu suna da kusanci. Black Magic wani lamari ne: sukari da acid sune 19 da 7. bi da bi .. Lokaci ne na tumatir ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Na kasance a wurin ruwan inabi guda ɗaya - duka Agat da Chernysh sun rataye a hankali, ba wanda yake so ya ci. Ko wataƙila mun riga mun fara matsawa?
Vladimir Petrov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=56&t=1308&view=print
duk da cewa fashewa da yawa daga cikin bunch suna da asali a cikin Chernysh, kusan bai taba rots ba, kuma fasa ta warkar da bushe. A wannan shekara, musamman daji yalwatacce ruwa a lokacin da ripening ga gwajin- Na fashe shekaru, amma bayan 'yan kwanaki da fasa fasa warkar. Hakanan Chernysh, ba kamar Agatha ba, yana da haske mai mahimmanci, bambancin aftertaste
Eugene. Chernihiv//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=106708#post106708
Chernysh ya dace sosai don namo a cikin layin tsakiyar, kamar yadda ko da a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani yana kulawa don samar da amfanin gona, kuma baya jin tsoron sanyi. Wannan innabi ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin girma kuma yana da inganci ga iyayenta Agat Donskoy. Harshen tumatir ko toanyen fari ba matsala ba ce, tunda fasa ke warkar da sauri.
