A zamanin yau, a cikin shagunan, ban da nau'ikan gidaje, suna kuma sayar da kayan marmari masu ban mamaki da 'ya'yan itace. Amma wannan abin farin ciki ne. Mazauna rani sun san cewa sakamakon aikin nasu ya fi kyau a ɗanɗano, fa'idodi da kyau. Abinda aka fi sani da al'adun gargaɗi akan shirye-shiryen shine currant. Sabili da haka, lambu suna neman sababbin iri, dasa shuki bushes, dasa harbe, samar da kambi don haka yana da daɗi idan aka duba kuma ya dace da ɗaukar berries. Bayan duk, tsarin kulawa da lura da ci gaban shuka ba ya da mahimmanci kuma mai ban sha'awa fiye da tarin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Sai na datsa jan currants
Shuka currant bushes zo a cikin watsi watsi. Kuma idan a farkon spring suka yi murna da goge na m furanni, a lokacin rani a kan twigs - kawai rare kananan berries, da bushes kansu sau da yawa kama marasa lafiya da bakin ciki. Shuka currant yana buƙatar kulawa, saboda yana ƙaunar hasken wuta da kayan miya, da damar samun iska, saboda kar kwari da cututtuka ba su haɓaka cikin inuwar da ɗumbin inuwa ba. Pruning yana tsara haɓakawa kuma yana samar da kambi, haka kuma yana warkarwa da kuma sake sabunta bushes. Bayan duk, tare da raguwa a cikin adadin harbe, shuka yana ba da iko da niyya, yayin da buroshi ya haɓaka cikin yanayi mai kyau, kuma an kafa berries na kwarai a cikin dandano da girman.
Kyakkyawan-groomed bushes na ja currant bayar da amfanin gona mai zabe
Abin da rassan ja currant bukatar a yanka
Kafin ka fara pruning, za mu gano wane rassan daji suke buƙata kuma wanene ya hana ci gaban girma da 'ya'yan itace. Mafi sauki harbewa daga tushen su ba komai bane, in ba haka ba ana kiransu sabbin harbe ko harbe farko. A cikin shekarar farko suna madaidaiciya kuma ba sa reshe. A shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, rassa a kaikaice - harbe na shekara ta biyu, da dai sauransu. A harbe girma musamman hanzari a cikin na farko shekaru uku, to, su girma slows da fruiting rage. Don ci gaba da haɓaka haɓakar sabbin harbe harbe, harbe na biyu da umarni masu zuwa suna yanke.
Kafin ka fara pruning daji na ja currant, ƙayyade abin da harbe bukatar a cire
Koyaya, yakamata kada a kwashe ku tare da pruning, in ba haka ba za a iya jujjuya ƙwayoyin cuta - rassan da aka shirya tsaye waɗanda ke bayyana akan bishiyar perennial tsoffin kwarangwal. Suna halin girma sosai da kuma rauni saka alama. Idan babu isasshen harbe sifilin don sake farfado da daji, zaku iya yanke tsoffin rassan ba gaba daya ba, amma har zuwa saman harba, wanda aka gajarta zuwa ga toho na waje wanda ya dace don ta da kayan aiki.
A saman firan, harbe ba sa yin girma, kuma ana kashe sojoji da yawa kan ci gaban su a daji
'Ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace akan ja currant an dage farawa a saman harbe. Sabili da haka, lokacin pruning, ba lallai ba ne ga yanke duk rassan: ƙarancin 'ya'yan itace da aka kafa akan tsoffin rassan, don haka harbe ya fi shekaru 4-5 girma.
A lokacin da pruning ja currants, na sama sassa na harbe an cire don kiyaye 'ya'yan itacen buds.
Yankin girki a kaka
Mafi kyawun lokacin girbi shine kaka, lokacin da aka girbe amfanin gona, yaduwar tsiro cikin tsirrai tayi saurin lalacewa, amma har yanzu sanyi bai cika ba. Wani lokaci ana yin pruning tsoffin rassan a lokacin girbi, yankan cikin zobe (thickening a gindi reshen) harbe-shekara huɗu da biyar tare da goge-goge, kuma kuna buƙatar yanke su kamar yadda suke kusa da tushe na harba. Sai berries suna a hankali peeled.
Bidiyo: Itace kaka ta ja mara nauyi
Spring currant pruning
Idan, saboda wasu dalilai, pruning ya gaza a faɗuwar, zaku iya yin wannan a cikin bazara kafin ya fara ruwan inabin. Wannan lokacin yiwuwar girkin bazara yana da gajarta: daga ƙarshen frosts zuwa blooming na ganye.
Bidiyo: sarrafawar bazara da kuma girkin bishiyoyi masu ja da baya
Iri pruning ja currants
Kafin yin huda, kuna buƙatar yanke shawarar abin da yake. Akwai rigakafin tsufa, gyaran jiki da kuma kayan tsafta.
Anti-tsufa pruning
Lokacin da za a sabunta shi, an cire mafi yawan sassanfin da ba sa haihuwa. Yanke harbe zuwa zobe, yana da kyau a ci gaba da tsare sashin ƙirar, kuma aiwatar da yanke a matakin ƙasa.
Lokacin yin datti na tsufa, hanya kamar haka:
- A daji, an zaɓi mafi duhu da mafi kauri, kazalika da rassan da ke ƙarƙashin lashen an zaɓi su.
Rearfafawar murƙushewa na ja currants ta cire mafi ƙanƙanta, rassan mafi duhu
- Yanke su zuwa ga tushe, barin babu dunkule.
- Ana kula da baƙi tare da lambun var. Wannan shine cakuda viscous na musamman da kakin zuma, kayan lambu ko kitsen dabba da rosin.
- Idan harbe-harbe masu yawa ba su yi girma a cikin zurfin daji ba, an cire sashin, yana barin kawai mafi karfi.
- Bayan an gama pruning, ana yin takin a ƙarƙashin daji, a hankali haɗawa tare da ɓangaren farfajiya na ƙasa don kada ku cutar da asalin asalin.
- Ruwa mai yawa kuma ciyayi da'irar akwati.
Bidiyo: rigakafin tsufa na launin ja currants
Yanke Yanke
Lokacin ƙirƙirar pruning, suna ƙoƙari su ba daji currant wani nau'i kuma ci gaba da kiyaye shi. Ya danganta da yadda ake shuka tsire-tsire sau da yawa, bar ƙarin ko shootsasa da harbe akan kowane daji. Tare da ƙarin saurin shuka, ana girke bushes ɗin sosai, yana riƙe fewan rassan. Babban abu shine cewa daji ya kunshi harbe harbe daban daban. Wannan zai samar da currant tare da ingantaccen 'ya'yan itace da ci gaba.
Kafa pruning na ja currant ba kawai ba ka damar ba da daji da ake so siffar, amma kuma inganta fruiting
A cikin lambunan mu, yawancin nau'in jan gashi shine daji. Matsakaicin nau'i na currant (daidaitaccen - ɓangaren harba daga ƙasa zuwa matakin rassa) ya fi yawa a cikin lambunan Turai, amma muna kuma ƙoƙarin haɓaka currant kamar wannan. Lookaukan bushes suna da kyan gani yayin furanni kuma suna da matukar kyau idan aka rataye su da tufar mulmula da fari.
Tare da daidaitaccen nau'i na trimming ja currants, saboda babban wurin da rassan, berries ba su da datti tare da ƙasa
Matsayi na daidaitaccen pruning na jan currant:
- Bayan dasa, kawai tsakiya na ragu ne, yana rage shi da rabi a kan toho na waje (wanda ke waje da reshe).
- Bayan shekara ɗaya ko kaka, lokacin da aka shuka shuki, an ɗauki shuki biyu na shekaru, an cire fure zuwa gaba ɗayan tsintsiya, ya bar rassa guda huɗu kawai don nuna ƙashin daji na nan gaba. Yanke su 50% na tsawon zuwa ƙodan na waje don inganta shaƙatar kaya.
- A shekara ta uku, ana yanke duk manyan abubuwan basal, wato, sifilin harbe, da girma a jikin kara. Selectedarfafa harbe na tsari na biyu an zaɓi, wanda ya gajarta da rabi akan toho na waje. Ana ajiye tsayin masu jagora.
- Daga baya a farkon bazara, ana cire rassa masu rauni da karyewa. A lokacin rani, lokacin da berries suka fara kafawa, rassan gefen mara amfani suna gajarta ta 10 cm, inganta abinci mai kyau na ragowar harbe da sauƙaƙe girbi.
Yana ɗaukar aƙalla shekaru uku don yalwataccen launin ja a kan kara
Hakanan ana amfani da kamannin Cordon kamar ƙaramin trellis. Ana amfani da tsari ta nau'in cordon don haɓaka yawan aiki, tunda ba dole ne daji ya kashe makamashi mai yawa akan ƙarin rassa da ganyayyaki ba, kuma don adana sarari a gonar.
Lokacin ƙirƙirar kogon currant, sai su yi aiki kamar haka:
- Nan da nan bayan an dasa, babban mai ba da motsi ya gajarta da 50% na tsawon, an ɗaure shi da tallafi.
- An cire rassan gefen, yana barin kawai 2-3 cm.
- Kowace shekara bayan wannan, a cikin bazara, an yanke babban injin zuwa koda, akasin kwatancen bara, yana barin 15 cm girma. A shekara mai zuwa, ana maimaita hanyar, tare da yanki yana fuskantar ɗayan ɓangaren. Wannan yana samar da madaidaiciyar hanya, albeit zigzag, siffar daji.
- Rassa na Lateral yana yanke kowace bazara zuwa 2-3 cm, yana buɗe ƙwayar Branching.
- A sigar karshe, tsayin dutsen dogo ya kai mita daya da rabi ko sama.
A lokacin da samar da ja currants a matsayin cordon daga wani daji, mamaye karamin yanki, za ka iya tattara more berries
Samuwar daji a kan trellis yayi kama da kifin tare da harbe-harbe a kwance. Ta wannan hanyar, tsire-tsire sun fi kyau tsabtacewa, ya dace da takin, tara berries. Currants a kan trellis suna girma kamar haka:
- Zaɓi seedling shekara-shekara tare da harbe guda uku.
- An kirkiro busa na tsakiya daga harba ɗaya.
- Ragowar ragowar harbe biyu suna kan gaba, wadanda suka samar da madogara na farko a wani tsayi na 30 cm daga saman duniya.
- Yayinda daji ke girma, dazukan girma, suna sanya su kamar da ƙasa.
A tsayin daka, irin wannan bushes ɗin ya girma zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi tare da tsawon rassa zuwa 90-100 cm. Yawanci, currants suna da faƙo huɗu a kan trellis. Bayan ƙirƙirar ƙarshe na dukkanin tiers, an yanke babban mai gudanar da shi na shekara zuwa ƙananan koda, yayin da rassan gefen suna gajarta zuwa 2-3 cm. A watan Yuli, babban reshe da reshe na gefe suna sake sakewa ta 10 cm.
Samuwar jan currants a kan trellis inganta pollination na daji
Tsabtace tsabtace
Tsabtace tsabtace jiki yana farawa a cikin bazara, lokacin da sanyi ya lalace, ya karye, ya yi kauri, girma rawanin ciki da kayan yaji an cire su, kuma ba sa tsayawa duk lokacin bazara. Idan an samo fure ko harbe da kwari suka yi, an cire su nan da nan.
Lokacin da ake yin tsabtace tsabtace tsabta, ana cire tsayayyun harbe
Lokacin yankan currants, an cika yanayi da yawa:
- yi kokarin 'yantar da tsakiyar daji domin dukkan rassan su a asirce;
- kowace kaka, ana yanyan gefuna dayan gefuna zuwa ga toho na waje, da ke jawo sabo;
Yanke currant shoot har rabin zuwa m toho na ƙarfafa samuwar sababbin rassan
- bayan pruning, suna kiyaye harbe guda huɗu na kowane tsararraki, har daji da 'ya'yan itace, kuma zai iya girma ya girma da reshe;
- lokacin da rage harbe, an yanke wannan abun ne a wani nesa daga koda wanda bai wuce 5 mm ba, don kada a lalata shi. Ana kiyaye amintattu a wani kwana na 45game da ga reshe;
A pruning shears a 45 mataki kwana cire thicker rassan.
- kar ku taɓa fiɗa na harbe na shekaru biyu ko uku, tun da yake a kansu ne ake bayar da babban ɗan itacen jan currant;
- idan reshe ya fita kuma daya daga cikin reshe ya yi girma ko a kwance, to ana cire shi daga inda ake sa kaya;
Removedan ganye da ke tsiro a kwance ana cire su don haka ana samun ƙarin berriesan berries a saman rassan jan currant - sun fi haske da rana da sauri su raira waƙa
- kar a bada izinin ciyawar tsire. Bar guda ɗaya ko biyu masu ƙarfi masu jefa sifiri a kowace shekara, an cire sauran;
- fara daga shekara ta huɗu, ana yanke tsoffin rassan frigid a tushe ko zuwa saman mai ƙarfi;
- a cikin bazara, mai rauni, babba da tushe na harbe (wanda yake kusa da farfajiya na ƙasa a cikin yanki na tushen wuyansa) ana yanke su a cikin zobe, ana yin harbe harbe na biyu ta hanyar 10 cm a cikin kaka zuwa toho mai girma a waje;
- An yanke rassan tsoffin bishiyoyi a ƙarƙashin tushen cikin zobe ba tare da barin kututture ba.
Lokacin cire ɓoyayyen harbe ba sa barin kututture, ana aiwatar da sassan a matakin ƙasa
Baya ga ingantaccen pruning, currant bushes bayar da kulawa, ciki har da watering na yau da kullum da kuma kai miya, mulching da akwati ganga, hana cututtuka da gano kwari.
Bidiyo: mulching ja currants a cikin kaka
Dukkan waɗannan ana yin su ne don jin daɗin nasu berries a ƙarshen kakar. Kodayake kakar bata ƙare da girbin ba, amma tare da shirye shiryen shafin don hunturu. Kuma akwai bazara da sabbin ayyukan gida.
Domin kare kanka da jin daɗi, don jin daɗin jelly ko sabo mai ruwan hoda na ja currant dole ne su dasa bushes, ruwa, kulawa, yanke. Amma wannan aikin yana ba wa masu lambu farin ciki da 'ya'yan itace.
