Wataƙila babu wani lambu inda akalla ba a shuka karamin gado tare da albasa. Wannan tsire-tsire na bitamin ba ya buƙatar matsanancin aiki don girma, amma albasa suna da asirin kansu. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, ana iya samun albasarta daga tsaba a cikin kakar guda, a yawancin wuraren da suke ƙoƙarin kada su jaraba ƙaddara: da farko sun kafa rukuni na albasa, kuma suna dasa shi a shekara mai zuwa don samun amfanin gona da manyan kwararan fitila. Dasa kayan albasa a damuna yana da lambobi da yawa.
Kwanakina na dasa shuki albasa saiti
Real zafi na bazara don girma da albasarta ba lallai ba ne: albasa mafi girma a koyaushe yana haƙuri ko da tsananin sanyi. Sabili da haka, suna dasa shi da wuri, wanda ya sa da farkon hasken rana, ya riga ya fara yin tushe, ya yi girma. Babban adadin hasken rana ne da ake buƙata domin kwararan fitila su yi girma yadda yakamata, sannan a tafi lokaci zuwa hutu kuma a adana shi na dogon lokaci.
A lokaci guda, dasa shuka da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma yana da haɗari. Kwararan fitila da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi suna zuwa cikin kibiya zuwa kibiya, kuma ba shi yiwuwa a sami ingantaccen irin albasa na toya. Mafi kyawun abu shine a zaɓi lokacin da ƙasa za ta yi zafi har kusan 10 game daC, amma kada ka jinkirta. Tunda mutum bai kamata ya kalli yuwuwar dusar ƙanƙara a cikin yanayin albasa ba, a wannan lokacin yana da mahimmanci a nemi lokaci don dasa albasar a kan yajin. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, a yawancin yankuna na yanayin zafi, ranakun dasa sevka sun faɗi akan wasu ranakun Afrilu ko farkon rabin Mayu.
Wadancan 'yan lambu waɗanda ke bincika shirinsu tare da kalanda na Lunar za su iya zama a kwantar da hankula: babu wasu ranaku da ba a hana su dasa albasa (waɗannan ranakun sabon wata ne da cikakken wata). Kuma idan kun zaɓi mafi kyawun ranakun, ya kamata ku san masu zuwa. Idan albasa ya girma don samun gashin tsuntsu, to, ingantattun ranakun sune waɗanda ruwayoyin daren suke ƙarƙashin alamun Ruwa. Idan shirye-shiryen ne don samun albasarta mai inganci, ya kamata a dasa shuki yayin da wata ya kasance a ƙarƙashin alamun Duniya.
Misali, a shekarar 2020, mafi kyawun ranakun domin dasa shuki albasa sune:
- Afrilu 9, 15 da 28;
- 13, 14 da 20.
An haramta saukowa a ranakun sabon wata da cikakken wata: Afrilu 8 da 23, Mayu 7 da 22.
Dogaro da lokacin saukowa daga yankin
Gabaɗaya, idan muka yi la’akari da daukacin yankin ƙasarmu, ingantaccen lokacin shuka iri don karɓar albasa da yabanya ya yi daidai da wata ɗaya da rabi. Don haka, a kudu, waɗannan ayyukan suna farawa a kwanakin ƙarshe na Maris kuma suna ƙare a farkon kwanaki goma na Afrilu. A tsakiyar layi, musamman a yankin Moscow, irin wannan aikin na iya farawa a ƙarshen Afrilu kuma ya ƙare zuwa tsakiyar Mayu.
Yankunan arewa maso yamma (alal misali, yankin Leningrad), kazalika da Urals da Siberiya, suna da matukar tasiri a yanayin: a wasu yankuna, kuma a ƙarshen Mayu, ƙasa na iya har yanzu ba narke har ƙarshe. Yana faruwa cewa dasa albasa ana jinkirtawa zuwa farkon bazara, amma galibi suna ƙoƙari su jimre da wannan aikin a farkon shekarun goma na Mayu.
Selectionasa zaɓi da shiri
Albasa girma da kyau kawai a kan kasa kasa, amma ba quite a kan Sands: haske loam ko yashi loam ne mafi kyau duka. Hakanan ya shafi saukarwa akan baƙar fata. Ko kusancin abin da ke faruwa a cikin ruwan ba ba matsala ba ne, in da hakan ba zai zama yankuna masu bushewa ba. Soilasa don albasa ya kamata ya kasance mai danshi a cikin matsakaici kuma babu matsala acidic. Game da yawan acidity, cincin farko tare da alli, man lemun tsami, garin dolomite, da dai sauransu.
A karkashin baka ya kamata a keɓe wuraren da hasken rana yayi kyau sosai: har ma da inuwar bishiyoyi ko shinge zai cutar da amfanin gona. Albasa suna da kyau sosai ga takaddar takin mai magani ba sosai ba, amma wannan bai kamata taki ta kasance ba: a wannan yanayin, gashin fatar dabbar zai yi girma, amma kwan fitila, kodayake zai kasance babba, ba zai sami damar adana shi na dogon lokaci. Amma don shekara, a ƙarƙashin amfanin gona na baya, ƙaddamar da taki ya barata.
Albasa gadaje ya kamata a located daga itatuwa sabõda haka, ana kullum lit by rana
Gadaje don dasa albasarta an shirya su a cikin kaka, yayin da akwai lokaci. Don tono tare da cire ciyawar, sa 1 m2 aƙalla bulodi ɗaya da rabi na humus ko takin mai kyau, rabin lita na katako na itace kuma har zuwa 80 g na azofoska. Game da yumɓun yumɓu, ana haɗa su a lokaci guda a guga na yashi. A cikin bazara, kafin a kwance ƙasa na ƙasa, yana da kyau a ƙara ko da ɗakuna na ɗakuna kowace murabba'in mita. Bayan wannan, an shimfiɗa gado kuma an yi masa rauni kaɗan.
Shiri na kafa
Daga ina albasa ya fito? An girma daga tsaba, abin da ake kira chernushka, kawai yawancin mazauna rani ba sa tunani game da shi. Wannan ba lamari ne mai sauƙin sauƙi ba, saboda haka ana sayen mafi yawan lokuta a kasuwa ko a shago. Hanya mafi sauki, ba shakka, ita ce siyar da ɓarna a lokacin bazara, tun da ya kamata a aiwatar da ajiyar hunturu a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi: a cikin ƙaramin Layer a zazzabi na kimanin -2 game daTare da ko, tare da tattaunawa, a cikin ɗakin, amma ba zafi ba. Amma adanawa a 0 ... 14 game daTun da yake an fraught tare da gaskiyar cewa shuka da aka dasa a gonar en masse yana motsawa harbi.
An shuka iri da aka shuka a bazara a gaba, ana watsar da duk bushe, bare, kwararan fitila da aka lalace. Yana da kyau kada ku shuka waɗanda suka yi nasarar shuka a lokacin ajiya. Sevok na aji na 1 ana ɗauka mafi mahimmanci: waɗannan sune kwararan fitila tare da diamita na 15-22 mm kuma taro mai kusan 2-3 g. Babban shuka yana zuwa gashin fatar fuka-fukan: sau da yawa yana yin dattako kuma baya samar da kwan fitila. Sowingarancin shuka, tare da diamita mai narkar da kusan 1 cm, an shuka shi mafi kyau a cikin hunturu, a ƙarshen ƙarshen Satumba.
Kafin dasa shuki, mafi girma shuka shine mafi kyawun ɗauka kuma dasa daban, a kan gashin tsuntsu: mafi kyawun kwararan fitila za su yi girma daga shuka-sized matsakaici
Soaking kafa kafin dasa
Bayan bulkhead, mai kyau sevc da aka zaba an warware shi daga riguna marasa amfani. Wannan husk wanda baya riƙe da kyau a kan kwararan fitila, a wannan lokacin yana da ma'ana don cire. Yankan albasa kafin dasa shuki yana da matukar so, musamman idan ƙasa a gonar ta riga ta fara bushewa da sauri, kuma ruwan sama ba da wuya. Ana kiyaye Sevk na 1-2 a cikin ruwa tare da zazzabi na 35-38 game daC. Soaking ne sau da yawa tare da pre-taki, ƙara abubuwa alama a cikin ruwa ko kawai potassium permanganate a maida hankali ne game da 1 g / l. Wasu masoya basa fitar da albasa bayan sanyaya ruwan, a sanya a ciki har zuwa kwana biyu.
Zaku iya jiƙa sevka a kowane bulo mai dacewa
Masana sun ba da shawara da soaking ta wata hanya dabam, amma a wannan yanayin ana buƙatar taka tsantsan da kulawa. Nan da nan kafin sauka a gonar, albasa da ke guga cike da ruwa a zazzabi na 65-70 ° C. Kula da shi a wannan zafin zafin na mintuna biyu kawai, bayan haka yana sanyayashi da sauri tare da ruwan sanyi. Sun ce bayan irin wannan magani albasa ba shakka ba za su yi harbi ba, amma ba za a iya bambance su da zazzabi na ruwan da lokacin matatar ba, in ba haka ba za a iya lalata sevka.
M jiyya don cututtuka da kwari
Ko da ba a ƙara abubuwa masu ruwa a cikin ruwa ba lokacin soya, yana da kyau a yi amfani da mafi sauƙin ƙwayoyi kafin a dasa albasa a gonar. Aƙalla, lambu sau da yawa jiƙa da tsaba a cikin wani bayani da hadaddun ma'adinai da takin mai magani. Don yin wannan, alal misali, cokali na azofoska an narkar da shi a cikin ruwa 10 na ruwa kuma yayi wanka a cikin wannan mafita don sa'o'i 8-10. Ko da wannan hanyar na farko tana ƙara haƙuri da cuta.
Slightlyarancin sunadarai mai mahimmanci da aka yi amfani da shi don hana cututtukan fungal shine sulfate. Cakuda teaspoon na maganin yana cikin lita 10 na ruwa kuma a sa a ciki na mintuna 5-10. Effectiveari mafi inganci, amma amintaccen amfani shine amfani da chlorophos (2 g / l): bayan irin wannan wanka, wanda zai iya zuwa minti 30, ya kamata a rinka kwararan fitila cikin ruwa kuma a ɗan ɗanɗano shi kaɗan.
Chlorophos yana da tasiri a kan cututtukan ƙwayoyi da kwari da yawa, amma dole ne a kula da shi da kulawa.
Hanya mafi kyau don hana kai hari game da kwari, musamman kwari da albasarta, shine mafita na Birch tar (maida hankali kan mafita shine tablespoon kowace lita na ruwan dumi). A cikin wannan maganin, ana adon ɓarnar na tsawon minti 20-30. Seriousarin ƙwayoyin cuta masu mahimmanci a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu ba a so.
Albarkace albasa kafin dasa shuki
Game da yankan albasa, yana da mahimmanci a faɗi cewa, da farko, babu irin dardar shuka kafin dasa shuki a gonar ta zama tilas. Idan baka daɗaɗɗɗa bisa ka'idoji, to, a cikin gonar yana da isasshen ƙarfin da zai iya rabuwa da ƙyallen, fuka-fukan zai tashi daidai. Abu na biyu, girke kanta, wanda wani lokacin ana amfani dashi, kawai yana tura kwan fitila zuwa farkon girma, amma baya tasiri ga rayuwar albasa. Da kyau, kuma na uku, idan akwai sha'awar taimakawa albasa, to, zaku iya yanke ƙarshen bushe kawai a saman kuma, ƙari, ɓangaren bushe da ƙasa.
An yanke ƙauna sosai don taɓa rayayye, ɗakunan kwan fitila yayin girki: waɗannan lambu ba ƙwararru ba ne kawai ke raunana arewa maso gabas. Bayan cire dukkan saman kwan fitila, a yanka "a raye", ganyayyaki, ba shakka, za su bayyana, amma kwan fitila zai yi rauni na dogon lokaci kuma ba zai yiwu a samar da amfanin gona mai kyau ba.
Bidiyo: shirya sevka da saukarsa
Yadda za a dasa albasa saitin a cikin bazara: aiwatar da mataki-mataki da kuma makirci
Mai lambu da kansa zai iya zaɓar tsarin tsiran albasa, dogara da geometric na gadaje, amma, bisa ƙa'idar, komai yana da sauqi a nan. Tsarin tef wanda aka fi amfani dashi. Tsakanin layuka suna kula da nesa na kusan 20 cm, kuma tsakanin kwararan fitila a cikin layuka - gwargwadon girman su. Onionan ƙaramin albasa (kusan santimita a cikin girman) ana shuka shi a kowane 5-6 cm, babba - har zuwa 10 cm.
Akwai shirye-shiryen da yawa don dasa albasa, amma a kowane yanayi an sanya shi a hankali sosai
An dasa tsaba zuwa zurfin na 3-4 cm. Aƙalla, yana kama don kawai ƙarshen ƙwanin kwan fitila ya bayyana sarai sama da ƙasa. Idan wasu daga cikinsu ba bayyane ba - ba mai ban tsoro bane, amma kada kwararan fitila su fito daga ƙasa sosai. Idan dasa yayi m, kwararan fitila masu girma zasu kusan fashewa daga ƙasa, wanda zai dakatar da haɓaka lokacin da yanayin yayi bushe kuma yayi zafi sosai. Idan shuka yana da zurfi sosai, haɓaka zai kuma rage rauni, kuma a ƙarshen gonar da aka samar da kwararan fitila bazai da lokacin yin girma yadda yakamata, wanda zai haifar da amincin amfanin gona.
Fasaha na dasa sevka a cikin gado wanda aka riga aka shirya shine kamar haka.
- Tare da kowane kayan aiki da suka dace (zaku iya amfani da kusurwar chopper), ana yin jujjuya fuska gwargwadon tsarin da ake so, yawanci kowane 20 cm ko mafi kyau, idan a cikin shugabanci na yamma-gabas.
'Yan lambu sau da yawa suna yin kayan aikin da suka dace don alamar tsagi
- Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, ana sanya yashi kogi a cikin jujjuyawar furen tare da wani yanki mai kusan 1 cm, kuma itacen ash yana ɗan yayyafa shi kadan. Wasu yan lambu da basu kula da kwararan fitila ba kafin dasa shuki, suna shayar da furrows tare da maganin rauni na Fitosporin
Idan ƙasa ta riga ta yi nasarar bushewa, kawai kuna buƙatar shayar da tsagi
- An dasa shuka ta hanyar mafi kyawun nisa zuwa cikin shirye-shiryen tsagi, latsa kadan a cikin ƙasa (Tushen da aka shimfiɗa ya kamata ka mai da hankali kada lalacewa). An zaɓi zurfin dasa saboda bayan cika fi na kwararan fitila tare da ƙasa kawai tashi dan kadan sama da ƙasa.
Sevka an matse dan kadan zuwa ƙasa mai laushi: wanda yasa kwararan fitila su riƙe ta a ciki
- An dasa seedlings da aka dasa tare da ƙasa, bayan wannan an rufe ƙasa a cikin gado, wanda ya dace don amfani da rake na al'ada.
- Wuraren a hankali ana shayar dasu sosai tare da ruwa daga ruwa mai iya tare da shago.
Dasa shuka ya zama ya jika da ruwa
Har zuwa haɓakar greenery tare da plantings, bai kamata kuyi komai ba, sai fa idan ciyawar ta gudu. Dole ne a fitar da su a hankali; hoe yana zuwa aiki bayan layin.
Magabata da karfinsu
Albasa kusan ba su kula da abin da ya girma a kan gado kafin shi ba, idan ƙasa ne kawai ya kasance m. Mafi kyawun kayan lambu da albasarta sune cucumbers, tumatir, kabeji ko dankali: waɗannan albarkatun gona ne wanda suke amfani da takin zamani mai yawa. Don dalilai daban-daban, ba a so a shuka albasa bayan karas, radishes da sunflowers. Da kyau, bin dokar juyawar amfanin gona, bayan kowane irin albasa, da tafarnuwa.
Albasarta kuma basu da kusan maƙwabta mara kyau. Kayan gado (peas da wake) kawai ake dauka kamar haka, kuma albasa kansu ba maƙwabta ne na kowane irin kabeji. Amma ba wai kawai mafi kyau ba, har ma da makwabta na wajibi don albasa shine karas. Suna taimakon juna daga kwari: da farko, daga albasa da karas kwari. Dankali, dankali, tumatir, da beets suma suna da maƙwabta ga kowane nau'in albasa.
Albasa tare da karas - maƙwabta na asali a gonar
Mazauna rani waɗanda ke riƙe da makirci don ba su samar da kansu da kayan lambu suna shuka ɗan ƙaramin albasa: hannun jari lokacin hunturu ana yin kaka a kasuwa. Amma koda karamin lambu, wanda yake wajibi a kowace lambu, dole ne a dasa shi akan lokaci kuma daidai. Ba shi da wuya a yi wannan, amma a lokacin rani a kowane lokaci za a sami ganye da onionsan albasa kaɗan a hannu.
