'Ya'yan itacen inabi da aka dade ana jiran su sau da yawa ana kiran su raisins, halayen rashin tsaba. Abun takaici, wannan ba gaskiya bane gaba daya, tunda yana da kasusuwa, amma idan da gaske basa nan, zai zama zuriya mafi girma. Dogon da aka jira - inabi tare da ci gaba mai amfani suna dacewa sosai don haɓakawa a cikin yankunan kewayen birni na yawancin yankuna.
Tarihin namo nau'in innabi mai tsayi
Labarin da aka daɗe ana jira kamar kaɗan: ya bayyana a cikin ƙarni na yanzu godiya ga ƙoƙarin mai shayarwa na V. N. Krainov. Wani lokacin yana faruwa cewa ana yin yawancin kimiyya ba kawai a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci ba, har ma a zahiri "a cikin dafa abinci". An kira Viktor Nikolayevich Krainov, wanda ya zauna a birnin Novocherkassk, "mai zaman kansa" mai shayarwa. Ya kirkiro kyawawan nau'ikan inabi ba tare da aiki ba a cikin manyan cibiyoyin bincike.
Kamar yadda wani mai goyon baya da kansa ya fada a daya daga cikin tambayoyin da ya yi na karshe, ya kasance mai tsinkaye tun yana ɗan shekara 15, tun daga 1953, kuma mahaifinsa, ɗan mulkin mallaka mai ritaya, ya saka shi wannan abin sha'awa. Kuma tun a 1986, V.N. Krainov ya yi matukar taka rawa a cikin kiwo a cikin gidan bazara da ke kan bankunan Tuzla.
Kuma ya daidai a cikin yanayin da ba sosai m sauyin yanayi (mist Coast, dew safe, m frosts) cewa ya ci gaba da ban mamaki iri. A cikin duka, ya bred iri iri na innabi iri 40, kuma kusan rabi ya zama sananne kuma yaɗu.
Berries da bunches na nau'ikan tarin V. N. Krainov ana kiran kalmomin "m, ban sha'awa, gigantic, gigantic." Abubuwan da nau'ikan da ya bred da shi na tsawon shekaru 20 sun mamaye wurin da suka cancanci a cikin gonakin inabin kasar mu. Na farko a cikin 1998 ya zama sananne wanda ake kira NiZina. Sannan adadin nau'ikan sun girma cikin sauri, duk da cewa an bredasu ta hanyoyi daban-daban daga wasu sanannun sanannun. Kuma mafi yawan ci gabansa yana karɓar kyakkyawan ra'ayi kawai.
NiZina - innabi na farko daga tarin V. N. Krainov, wanda aka saki "a cikin mutane"
An samo 'ya'yan itacen inabi da aka dade ana jiran su ta hanyar hybridization daga cikin nau'ikan Kishmish Luchisty da Talisman, babban amfani wanda shine kyakkyawan kyakkyawan ɗanɗano na berries. Don haka, an ba da shawarar Talisman don namo a yankuna da yawa na ƙasarmu, saboda yana ci gaba da kyau ko da a cikin gajeren lokacin bazara kuma yana da tsayayya da kowane yanayin yanayin iska. Raisins mai tsinkaye - 'ya'yan itacen inabi marasa iri, yana da ƙanshin ƙamshi na muscat, yana da dandano na musamman.
Radiant na Kishmish - ɗayan iyayen da aka dade ana jira - yana ba da babban berries, amma ba tare da duwatsu ba
Tunda ya ɗauki mafi kyawun mahaifansa, graaunar da aka dade ana jiran ita nau'in tebur ce. Ganyenta suna da farin fari zuwa launi na amber kuma ana san su da ɗanɗano mai jituwa. Yawancin sun shahara ga albarkatu masu ƙarfi, farkon farfadowa da juriya mai sanyi, wanda ya ba shi damar girma har a cikin yankuna masu tsauri. The dogon tsammani - mai kyau iri-iri tebur inabi ga gidaje da ruwan inabi kasar girma.
Bayanin nau'ikan innabi An dade ana jira
Dogon lokacin da aka jira ya girma a cikin hanyar daji mafi girma, wanda ke buƙatar sarari mai yawa. Amma a lokaci guda, ba za a iya ɗaukar girmanta ba, kuma lokacin dasa shuki da dama a tsakanin su, nisan mita 1.5-2 ya isa. A wannan nesa, bushes ɗin yana hade da tushen, amma kada ku tsoma baki da juna kwata-kwata. A zahiri, basa buƙatar taimakon juna ko dai: furanni iri-iri masu bisexual ne, sabili da haka, idan adadin mai yawa na berries, alal misali, sayarwa, ba a buƙata, shuka ɗaya ya isa kan shafin.
Za'a iya ɗaukar dogon lokacin da aka jira ana jingina ga wasu bushes da kanta, bi da bi, abu ne mai kyau, wanda yawancin lokuta ana amfani dashi a aikace don haɓaka nau'in inabi a cikin ƙananan yankuna.
Ana iya yada shi da sauƙi ta hanyar itace: tushen su ta kwararru yana nuna shi mai tsayi sosai. A daji a cikin kowane kwatance ke tsiro da sauri sosai, ba tare da la'akari da abin da asalin shi: girma daga nasa cuttings ko grafted kan wani seedling.
Itacen inabi ya yi kyau sosai, harbe suna da lokaci zuwa lignify kusan zuwa fi, har ma a cikin yanayin gajeren lokacin rani. Tsarin sanyi na daji ya tashi zuwa -23 ° C. Tsarin juriya game da lalacewa ta hanyar cututtukan fungal an kiyasta ta maki 3.5: babban yiwuwar cutar oidium. A lokaci guda, da an dade ana jiran rigakafin ticks. Ya fara kawo kyawawan girbi riga shekaru 3 bayan dasa, wanda shine ɗayan damar da ba a tabbatar da su ba a masana'antu da aikin lambun mai son.
Wasps da wuya ku ci berries.Dan da an jira, saboda dalilai da ba a san su ba, ba ya jan hankalin waɗannan kwari.
An ba da shawarar iri-iri don namowa a cikin yankuna na arewacin, saboda don haɓaka mai aiki da cikakken ripening ba ya buƙatar babban adadin hasken rana.
Daji zai iya tsayayya da nauyin 20-25 harbe. Dogon lokacin da aka jira shi ne zuwa ga balaga na farkon: daga farkon kakar girma zuwa cikakken ripening na berries, yana ɗaukar daga kwanaki 105 zuwa 120. Flow ya fara a tsakiyar Yuni. Tun da furanni suna bisexual, babu barazanar rashin cikakkiyar pollination da ke haifar da bayyanar berriesananan berriesan adam. Tuni a farkon watan Agusta, zaku iya tattara kayan dadi da m berries. Ba za a iya cewa yawan amfanin gonakin suna da yawa ba, amma sun tabbata, kuma za a iya samun kilogram 10 na furannin daga daji.
Theungiyar 'ya'yan inabi na inabi da aka yi tsammani-mai siffa da manya-manyan inabi: matsakaita game da 800 g, amma wani lokacin girma zuwa 1.5 kilogiram. A lokaci guda, yana da gamsuwa cewa sun isa matsakaicin girman su riga a cikin shekara ta biyu bayan farkon fitar da 'ya'yan itace. Koyaya, gungu ba mai yawa ba ne, a zahiri an sako su sosai: berriesan itacen ba su “tsaya” da juna ba. Yawan fasalinsu yana da girma sosai.
Berries ba su daɗe sosai a cikin tarin ba, amma jimlar su tana da ƙarfi
'Ya'yan inabi suna da sifar haɓakar nono, suna da kyan gani, ana ɗaukar launinsu fari. Koyaya, cikakke daskararren berries sun samo amber hue kuma kusan cikakkiyar fassarar haske. Berries suna da girma sosai, suna yin nauyi 10-12 g, tsayinsa yakai 3.5 cm. Kwasfa shine matsakaiciyar matsakaici, tsaka tsaki, idan aka cinye, ba a ji berries. Naman yana da lafiyayye, mai kauri, tare da dandano mai daɗi. Ku ɗanɗani bouquet jituwa, cikakke, mai daɗi da m. Abun sukari na berries shine kusan 20%, acidity har zuwa 8 g / l. Haƙuri an nuna shi azaman sakaci ne. Ku ɗanɗani kan sikelin maki 5 ta masu ɗanɗanar kwararru ana kimanta su da maki 4.5.
The berries yawanci seedless, amma wasu dauke da 1-2 m tsaba na matsakaici size.
Ba shi yiwuwa a bambanta ganyayyaki tare da tsaba kuma ba tare da su ba, waɗannan an samo su akan kowane gungu.
Adadin berries duka a daji kuma an riga an girbe shi mai girma. Cikakke berries ba crack. Ruwan sama mai tsawa mai zurfi ne kawai zai iya kawo cikas ga gabatarwa. Oversaturated da ruwa, da berries fashe da rot, da kuma sauƙi zo kashe hannun. Iri-iri yana cikin isasshen abin hawa. 'Ya'yan inabin da aka dade ana jiran su sun dace da amfani mai kyau da kuma inabin shan giya: haɗuwa da abubuwan sukari, haɗari da ɗanɗano mai jituwa gabaɗaya suna ba da gudummawa ga amfanin amfanin gona.
Bidiyo: girkin innabi da aka dade ana jira a gonar
Halaye na innabi iri-iri An dade ana jira
Bayan samun masaniya game da grapesa tablean tebur na nau'ikan da aka dade ana jira, zaku iya taƙaita wasu sakamakon sakamakon ta taƙaita babban fa'idodi da rashin amfanin wannan matasan. A zahiri, a takaice dai ba a bayyana su. Dukansu shuka da kanta da 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da fa'idodi: babban gungu na kyawawan berries. Babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni daga iri-iri sune kamar haka:
- super farkon ripening;
- furannin bisexual;
- babban girman bunch da kowane Berry;
- babban bayyanar;
- babban motsi mai amfanin gona da rayuwar rayuwa;
- jituwa mai jituwa da bakin ciki, fata mai jituwa;
- kusan babu rabewar tsaba, wanda ke ba da damar bambanta iri don kusan raisins;
- tsayayyen yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- rauni mai rauni zuwa wasps;
- babban juriya sanyi;
- cikakken fitar da harbe;
- karfinsu tare da kowane hannun jari da scions;
- kyakkyawan rooting of cuttings.
Lativearancin rashin nasara na iri-iri:
- matsakaici juriya ga yawancin cututtuka;
- rashin kwanciyar hankali na amfanin gona da aka shuka don tsawan ruwan sama;
- rashin cika kashi.
Siffofin dasa shuki da nau'in innabi na girma
Daga yanayin fasahar noma, Dogon da ake jira shine mafi yawan kayannn gargajiyance gama gari, saboda haka dasa da kulawa dashi kusan bashi da wasu mahimman abubuwa. Ana iya yada shi da sauƙi ta hanyar itace, don haka abu ne mai sauki don shuka seedling na wannan innabi akan kanku. Kwararru kan iya dasa shi cikin sauki a kan dajin duk wasu 'ya'yan inabin da ya dawwama:' Ya'yan inabin da aka dade ana jira zasu iya girma daidai da nasu tushen, kuma a cikin nau'in grafting.
Don girma seedlings innabi a gida daga cuttings ba matsala: da dadewa jiran sauƙi kafe
Kamar kowane innabi, Dogon da ake jira ya girma mafi kyau a wuraren rana, ba a tsare daga tasirin iska ba, hanyar arewa musamman ta arewa. Sabili da haka, lokacin zabar wurin shuka, mafi kyawun tsari shine bangon gidan ko shinge mara kyau wanda ke kare daji daga tsararru. A gefe, manyan bishiyoyi ko ciyawa suna da kyawawa, kuma ɗayan bangarorin ya kamata buɗe wa hasken rana. Kodayake, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan iri, buƙatar da aka dade ana jira don hasken rana ba ta yi yawa ba.
Kamar kowane innabi, irin wannan nau'in yana ƙaunar ƙasa mai haske, amma yana da ikon girma akan wanin samin fadama. An kwatanta shi da babban haƙuri haƙuri: ba ya bukatar yawa ruwa, ba shakka, sai dai domin kakar aiki tari girma. Ba ya son aikin hana ruwa, saboda haka yakamata a yi la’akari da wannan gaskiyar yayin zabar wurin dajin yake.
Mafi kyawun saurin kwanciyar hankali a yawancin wuraren ƙasar shine ƙarshen Afrilu. A cikin kudu, ana shuka inabi a cikin kaka - a watan Oktoba, amma an dasa bushes don hunturu ya kamata a rufe shi sosai. Shirye-shiryen shuka don dasa shuki saba ne: seedlingsanyen da aka kawo wa gonar suna tsoma cikin ruwa don kwanaki 1-2. Zai fi kyau, idan kun yi amfani da maganin urea maimakon ruwa (1 tablespoon kowace guga na ruwa). Kafin dasa, zai zama da amfani a tsoma tushen a cikin yumɓun yumɓu, mullein da ruwa tare da danko na kirim mai tsami.
Yin amfani da masu tsawatarwa don maganin jiyya yana sauƙaƙa da rayuwar tsiraru
Da dadewa kafin dasa shuki, sun tono dukkan yanki a kewayen daji nan gaba tare da takin zamani zuwa zurfin shebur din (yankin da ake ciyar da nau'in abincin da aka dade ana jira) zai kasance kimanin m 62), saboda haka babban inabi inabi isa ga na gaba 'yan yanayi. Ya kamata a shirya rami domin dasa shuki a bazara. Sun tono babban rami don wannan innabi. Kuma idan zurfin, kamar yadda aka saba, ana buƙatar ba ƙasa da 70-80 cm ba, ana shawarar diamita na rami ba ƙasa da mita ba. Dole ne a sanya matattarar ruwa game da 20 cm lokacin farin ciki a ƙasan, musamman game da yanayin yumɓu na yumɓu. Magudanan ruwa yawanci tsakuwa, baƙaƙe, yashi kogi. Ana sanya Layer na ƙasa hade da takin mai magani a kai (bulo 6-7 na taki, rabin guga na ash daga shinge, 500 grams na azofoska), kuma a saman shine Layer wanda, lokacin da aka dasa shi, zai tuntuɓi tushen kai tsaye: ya kamata ya kasance ƙasa mai daɗin haihuwa ba tare da takin ba. , musamman ma ma'adinai.
Suna dasa ƙwaƙƙwaran da aka dade ana jira, suna barin kodan 2 kawai sama da ƙasa, kuma har ma an yayyafa su da ƙasa a karon farko. Yawancin yana girma a cikin nau'i na bushes girman girman dan kadan sama da matsakaici, don haka lokacin da dasa shuki da yawa tsire-tsire tsakanin su, nisan mita 1.5-2 ya isa.
A cikin yankuna masu bushewa sosai, ana bada shawara sanya bututu a tsaye a cikin ramin dasa ruwa domin shayar da 'ya'yan injin kai tsaye a cikin zangon girma na farkon shekaru biyu.
Daɗaɗa bushes ba wuya da za a shayar. Dabarar dasa abu ne mai sauki - kuna buƙatar miƙe tushen sosai, cike shi da ƙasa mai daɗi, latsa da kyau tare da ƙafarku kuma ku zuba buan ruwa. Mulching a kusa da daji ya zama dole: yana sauƙaƙe kulawa mai zuwa.
Wateringari ga m watering, kowane innabi amsa da kyau zuwa saman miya. Wadancan takin da aka shigo dasu cikin ramin dasawa da kewayensa zasu dawwama na shekaru 2-3. Sa'an nan kuma, kowace shekara a farkon bazara, a cikin tsagi da aka tono bisa ga tsinkayen daji, ya zama dole a zuba bulo 1-2 na taki mai kyau, kuma a farkon watan Yuni don zuba gwangwani na lita 1-2 na ash a kusa da daji, a hankali dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Kafin fure kuma nan da nan bayan shi, kayan miya na saman foliar tare da maganin takaddun takaddun takamaiman sun dace kuma sun cancanta (ta fesa daji).
A lokacin lodin berries kada ya ƙunshi nitrogen.
Babban mawuyacin taron shine ingantaccen girki. A cikin bazara, ya kamata a yanke harbe harbe kawai, kuma ya kamata a yi riga-kafi kafin a fara ba da bushes don hunturu. Amma, ban da wannan pruning, a ko'ina cikin tsawon shuka girma shi wajibi ne don karya har yanzu rauni, amma a fili superfluous matasa harbe cewa thicken da bushes. Har ila yau, karye daga cikin iyayen yara yana da mahimmanci don samun abun ciki na sukari, yana ba ku damar cire ƙoshin ganye da ke rufe bunches daga rana. Yana da mahimmanci musamman don yin wannan a cikin yankuna na arewacin, inda lokaci don cikakken ripening na berries bazai isa ba saboda ƙarancin kwanakin rana.
Lokacin aiwatar da "kore" ayyukan kan inabi inganta yanayin ripening da berries da saukaka girbi na kaka
A karkashin yanayin daidai aiki "a kan greenery", da faduwa a kan daji zai zauna m kawai da zama dole vines. An ba da shawarar a rage su a Dogon da aka jira kafin lokacin hunturu don idanun 7-10 su kasance, kodayake an yarda a gajarta. Jimlar adadin harbe a daji ya zama bai wuce 20-25 ba.
Abin baƙin ciki, ƙarin gungu koyaushe dole ne a yanke, ko da sun bayyana. Gunguwar da aka jira ana ɗaukar nauyi, saboda vines ɗin bazai iya ɗaukar nauyin tumatir ɗin ba kuma kawai ya karye. A wasu halayen, wannan yana haifar da katsewa na fruiting, wanda yake yiwuwa a iya yin gwagwarmaya don mafi kyawun mai kyau na vines zuwa trellises. Tsarin tallafi dole ne amintacce. Yawancin da aka daɗe ana jira shi ne tsayayya da cututtukan fungal, amma saboda rigakafinsu yana da kyau ku aiwatar da sprayings da yawa a lokacin bazara tare da maganin kashe guba.
A watan Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba, inabi dole ne a rufe shi don hunturu. A iri-iri ne quite sanyi-resistant, ba ya bukatar babban tsari a cikin hanyar digging a cikin ƙasa ko da a arewacin yankunan. Zai isa, tunda an cire 'ya'yan inabi daga kayan tallafin, ɗaure kurangar a cikin bunches mai dacewa, shimfiɗa su a ƙasa kuma rufe tare da bishiyoyin conifer. A cikin yankuna da amintaccen murfin dusar ƙanƙara, zaka iya rufe tare da kayan lebur, alal misali, zanen gado na kwance, wanda zaiyi aiki har sai dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi. M don amfani don tsari da kayan da ba a saka ba irin su spunbond mai ɗorewa. A ɗan daskarewa da kodan na Dogon jira da take kaiwa zuwa jinkiri a ripening na berries na kimanin wata daya, amma jimlar yawan amfanin ƙasa har yanzu high.
Nasiha
Shekaru biyu da suka gabata, mun shuka tsararren tsirrai da aka dade ana jira. Ya ɗauki tushe sosai kuma ya girma da himma. A ƙarshen fall ɗin itacen inabi da aka rigaya ya kasance 3-4m. Kwanciyar hankali abu ne na al'ada, kimanin maki 3.0. Na yanke a cikin faduwa azaman daidaitattun: don buds shida. A cikin 2009, an riga an kafa daji sosai kuma muna jiran girbi na farko, amma sanyi na Afrilu ya lalata destroyedan itacen gaba daya. Abin mamaki, daji nan da nan ya murmure daga ainihin maye, amma babu bunches a kansu. Kurangar inabin sun fara girma cikin hanzari, in ba don su faɗi ba, su girma cikin daji, babu wata matsala da su. Dole ne in bar takwarorina na ba da cikakken 'yanci. Don haka, a kan yawancin iyayen yara akwai wasu gungu waɗanda ke daɗaɗa sosai kuma a watan Satumba kyawawan kyawawan berries sun ɗanɗana su: sun ɗanɗana mai kyau: mai daɗi, m, m, tare da crunch.Gunguron suna da kyan gani, ba tare da wani Peas ba. Tsaba, hakika, sun kasance, amma 'ya'yan inabin sun yi dadi sosai wanda kowa ya ci tare da nishaɗi kuma bai mai da hankali kan gaskiyar cewa wannan zuriya ce ba.
Fursa I.I.//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=769
Abun da aka dade ana jira, a ganina, yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan Kraynov wanda ba a iya tsammani ba. A cikin wannan mawuyacin shekara, ya samar da ingantattun gungu kuma a lokaci guda Berry yana da girma fiye da yadda aka saba! Haka ne, ripening, kamar kowane iri, an jinkirta, amma ba kamar yadda wasu suke ba.
Evgeny Polyanin//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=211.0
A ganina, zai tafi don kasuwancin Berry: babban Berry, ɗanɗano mai kyau kuma, mafi mahimmanci, da wuri. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ba ruwa, da kyau jure harkokin sufuri. Amma lokacin ciniki a cikin seedlings, kuna buƙatar gaba daya manta cewa wannan zabibi ne. LADA !!! Wannan ba raket bane! Kuma kawai babban farkon, babba, innabi mai kyau! Kuma babu korafi a wannan batun!
Elena Petrovna//forum.vinograd.info/archive/index.php?t-769.html
'Ya'yan inabin da aka dade suna jira suna da kyau sosai har wasu masana suka saka shi a cikin manyan nau'ikan tebur goma na zamani. Kyakkyawan ɗanɗano na berries da kyawawan bayyanar goge, haɗe tare da sauƙi na kulawa, sanya shi ɗayan shahararrun nau'ikan gidaje masu zaman kansu da manyan gonakin inabi a yawancin yankuna na ƙasar.
