Redcurrant: babban matakai a cikin namo da kulawa

Redcurrant bishiyar itace mai narkewa mai tsayi tare da tsayi 0.5 zuwa 2. A cikin daji, ana samun ta a gefunan daji, a bakin bankunan kogunan koguna a cikin Eurasia duka. Wannan itace da aka fi so itace da yawancin lambu, iri na zamani tare da kulawa mai kyau sun sami damar samar da kilogiram 10 zuwa 10 na berries mai laushi.

Tarihin haɓaka launin ja

Farkon ambaton jan jan rai a Yammacin Turai ya koma ƙarni na 15. An yi amfani da shuka don kafa shinge, kuma an yi amfani da berries don dalilai na magani. A kusan lokaci guda, currants ya fara girma a Rasha, akasarinsu a kan gidajen yari, yin amfani da berries azaman magani kuma yana sa su tinctures.

Kyakkyawan daji mai launin ja yana da kyau sosai a lokacin lokacin tumatir kuma yana iya yin ado kowane lambu

A halin yanzu, leadingasar da ke kan gaba wajen haɓaka launin ja shine Amurka. Amma har ma a Rasha ba su manta da wannan al'adar ba: kusan a kusan kowane shinge na lambun za ku iya samun bushes guda 1-2.

Redcurrant shine tsire-tsire mai tsananin sanyi, yana jure sanyi har zuwa to40^{game da}C. A lokacin bazara, godiya ga tsarin tushe mai karfi, yana fama da karancin zafi fiye da blackcurrant, kuma tsawon rayuwar daji yakai shekaru 20 ba tare da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa ba.

A cikin lambuna masu bushe ba tare da yin shayarwa da hankalin mutum ba, ciyawar jahar kano ta girma zuwa 50-70 cm a tsayi kuma ba karamin amfanin gona. Tare da ciyarwa na yau da kullum da kuma ban ruwa ko a cikin ƙananan wurare inda ruwan karkashin ruwa yake kusa da ƙasa, jan currant yana girma kamar ƙazantaccen daji har zuwa 2 m a tsayi kuma yana iya samar da har zuwa kilogiram 12 na berries.

Blorant blooms tare da fure marasa rubutu waɗanda aka tattara a buroshi

Blorant blooms a watan Mayu tare da nondescript rawaya-kore furanni tattara a cikin buroshi. Ya danganta da yankin da iri-iri na currant, da tumatir na iya farawa ta tsakiyar Yuni ko Yuli. Ripening ba shi da kyau: na farkon ya yayyafa berries a rana. Red currants da wuya crumble daga daji, don haka ana iya girbe kamar yadda ake bukata. Suna ɗaukar jan currants kamar inabi tare da buroshi, ba tare da ɓarnar da berries ba, saboda haka an adana su kuma ana jigilar su.

Ja currants daga daji suna tattara a gungu

Redcurrant gamsar da yunwa da ƙishirwa; yana da yawan bitamin C, adadin yau da kullun wanda za'a iya cika shi ta hanyar cin kawai kadan daga cikin wannan gyada. Bugu da kari, Berry ya ƙunshi pectin, don haka jan currant jelly ya juya ya zama lokacin farin ciki. Compotes, jam, tsare, jelly, marmalade, tinctures, giya, barasa an shirya daga gare ta.

Iri daban-daban na ja currants

Domin jin daɗin sabo ne da jan ja currant duk lokacin bazara, kuna iya shuka iri tare da ranakun ripening daban-daban: da wuri, tsakiyar-ripening da marigayi. Hakanan zaka iya ɗaukar bushes tare da tabarau iri iri na berries: ja, burgundy, ruwan hoda. Wasu nau'ikan kayan jan launi daidai a cikin bushes guda ɗaya, wato, isar da kai (iya fitar da pollen nasu), yayin da wasu ke buƙatar maƙwabcin pollinating.

Ya danganta da iri-iri, ja currant berries na iya zama ƙarami (0.7 g) ko babba, yana kaiwa 1.5 cm a diamita kuma yayi nauyi zuwa 1.5 g.

Tebur: Babban nau'in jan currant

Hoton hoto: nau'in nau'in currant na yankin Moscow

Hoton hoto: nau'in nau'in currant na Siber da Urals

Babban matakai na fasaha na aikin gona na ja currant

Red currants ba su da matukar bukatar kulawa fiye da baki currants. Ta fara yin 'ya'yan itace a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku bayan shuka, kara yawan amfanin gona a kowace shekara. Don kula da yawan amfanin ƙasa da aka ayyana na shekaru da yawa, kuna buƙatar ciyar da kai a kai, ku sha daji a cikin watanni na zafi da zafi kuma cire tsoffin rassan.

Dasa ja currants

Don dasa shuki masu launin ja, yana da kyau a zabi haske, an kiyaye shi daga iska mai sanyi da ƙasa mai ƙima. Koyaya, idan a cikin yankinka a lokacin bazara a rana, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya kai 50^{game da}C, sannan dasa shuki a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyin a wata inuwa mai kyau, zai fi dacewa daga gefen arewa maso gabas, don rana ta haskaka shi har zuwa tsakar rana.

Preparationasa shiri don dasa shuki ja currants

Red currants an mafi kyau dasa a sako-sako da loamy ko yashi loam kasa tare da tsaka tsaki dauki. A kan kasa na acidic ko a cikin ciyawa, jan currants girma sosai.

Makonni 2-3 kafin dasa shuki currants, za mu fara shirya rami na dasa shuki. A cikin yankin da aka zaɓa, mun tono rami tare da diamita na 50-60 cm da zurfin kan tebur na shebur. A wurare tare da ƙasa mai yumɓu, zaku iya haƙa rami fiye da yadda currants ba ya buƙatar abubuwan gina jiki.

Makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki a cikin seedling, an shirya rami tare da diamita na 50 cm da zurfi akan bayoneti felu

Haɗa ƙasa da aka haƙa tare da guga na takin (humus), gilashin ash da 200 g na superphosphate. Mun sake yin barci a cikin rami kuma a hankali mu shayar da shi don haɗa ƙasa.

Dasa dasa redcurrant

Idan kana son gwada sabon iri-iri, zai fi kyau yin odar kayan dasawa tare da tsarin rufaffiyar tushe - a cikin tukwane ko fakiti na musamman.

Gwamma a sayi jarirai tare da tsarin rufewa

Nungiyar kula da ƙananan gida sau da yawa suna yin currants a cikin iska ba tare da tukwane ba kuma suna sayar da su tare da tsarin tushen buɗe, don haka kula da tushen a gaba: ɗaukar raggagin jaka da jaka inda kuka kunsa ƙarshen seedling.

Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki a ja a tsakiyar Rasha shine farkon kaka, a zahiri farkon kwanakin Satumba: babu lokacin zafi, kuma an dasa tushen daskararru daidai. Don yankuna na kudanci, an sanya kwanakin shigowa wata guda baya.

Matakan dasa shuki ja currants:

1. Kafin dasa shuki, jiƙa tushen ko tukunya ta ruwa a cikin ruwa na awa 1-2.
2. A cikin wani rami mai saukarwa rami, tono karamin ɓacin rai da yayi daidai da girman tushen.
3. Idan jan currant ya girma a cikin tukunyar ƙasa, to, a cire shi a hankali daga tukunyar ba tare da lalata dunƙulewar ƙurar ba. Tushen daidaita idan sun juya cikin karkace.
   

   Idan a cikin tukunyar ƙasa Tushen ya fara girma cikin karkace, dole ne a daidaita su
4. An sanya tukunya a cikin rami marar sauka, a wani kusurwa na 45^{game da} zuwa arewa, tushen kabarin yana binne 5-7 cm ƙasa da matakin ƙasa.
   

   Daidaita dasa na currant cuttings: tushen wuya ne zurfafa, da rike da kanta yana neman arewa

5. Yayyafa seedling da ƙasa ya shayar.
6. Ana kewaye da da'irar akwati tare da bambaro ko ganye, an yanke gajerun rassa, a rage fiye da 25 cm sama da ƙasa.

Yadda ake ajiye tumatir masu ƙwayar cuta kafin dasa shuki

Wasu lokuta yakan faru da cewa 'yan dabbobin da aka sayo su zo a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da akwai dusar ƙanƙara a cikin lambun kuma dasa shuki a cikin dindindin ba shi yiwuwa.

Ma'aji na seedling tare da bude tushen tsarin a cikin gidan mai dumi ne kawai ba a yarda. Lokacin da ba zai yiwu a sanya shuka a cikin matsanancin sanyi ba, alal misali, idan an riga an buɗe furannin, to, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar tukunya ko mai shuka tare da ƙasa mai ƙima kuma ku dasa shuki na ɗan lokaci a can.

Seedlingsan ƙananan seedlings da aka samu a cikin kaka za'a iya adanar su har sai lokacin bazara, ba tare da dasa shuki a cikin tukwane ba, da kwanciya akan ƙasan firiji. Da farko kuna buƙatar kunsa Tushen tare da zane mai laushi, da kuma kututtura tare da takarda mai kauri.

Dasa tsaba

Currants suna daidai yada ta tsaba, amma sau da yawa zuriyarsu ba sa maimaita halaye na iyaye daji, musamman idan da yawa daban-daban jan ja currant girma a kan shafin, wanda za a iya pollinated.

Yawancin lokaci ana zub da tsaba na matattakayen berries akan ƙasa, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Ruwan bazara na ba da gudummawa ga kumburi da tsirowar tsaba, kuma a ƙarshen lokacin rani ƙarami amma ƙananan ƙwayoyi masu ƙarfi suna girma.

Bidiyo: currant daga tsaba

Abokai da maƙiyin jan currant

Yawancin lambu suna sane da jituwar kayan lambu da kayan zaɓi musamman nau'i-nau'i don mafi kyawun fruiting da maƙwabta. Amma ba kowa bane har ma ana zargin cewa a tsakanin tsirrai da bishiyoyi akwai ƙaunar juna da ƙiyayya.

Mafi sau da yawa, zaku iya lura da dasa shuki na bishiyoyi tare da shinge, tare da baƙar fata da ja currants da aka dasa a kusa. Sai dai itace cewa gooseberries sune mafi kyawun maƙwabta don masu jan-goran, kuma masu baƙar fata sun fi son maƙusoshin zuma ga maƙwabta maimakon yan uwansu na ja-Berry.

Guzberi shine mafi kyawun maƙwabta don jan abinci

Bugu da kari, duk bishiyar bushes suna son dasa tumatir, marigolds, marigolds, Mint da sauran ganyayyaki masu kamshi a cikin da'irar bishiya. Tare da mahimmancin mai, suna fitar da kwari da yawa na currants.

Miya mai jan gashi

A cikin shekarar dasa, jan currant baya buƙatar ƙarin suturar miya, saboda an gabatar da adadin humus da takin ma'adinai a cikin ramin.

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya kamata a ciyar da currants aƙalla sau 2 a shekara: a cikin bazara da kaka.

Tebur: jan currant saman miya

Baya ga waɗannan riguna masu kyau, yana da kyau sosai ga mulch da'irar kusa-tare da bambaro, ciyawa, hay, ganye da zube duk mako 2 tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ƙunshe da ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani (Radiance, Baikal EM-1, Gabas).

Kada ku taɓa ciyar da currant tare da takin nitrogen a ƙarshen bazara - sabon haɓakar harbe zai fara, wanda ba zai sami lokaci don shirya don hunturu da daskarewa.

Hoton hoto: shirye-shirye don haɓaka haɓakar ƙasa

Idan ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da kwayoyin ba, to a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da ake kwance ƙasa, g 10 na urea a 1 m²a watan Yuni - jiko na tsuntsu droppings, kuma a watan Oktoba - 100 g of superphosphate da 50 g na potassium chloride.

Yankin girki

'Ya'yan itace na ja currant yana faruwa ne a kan rassa waɗanda shekarunsu suka kasance daga shekaru 2 zuwa 5. Amma tun da yake currants suna samar da sabon harbe da yawa a kowace bazara, a duka can ya kamata daga 20 zuwa 25 rassan shekaru daban-daban akan daji.

An girbe mafi tsufa, rassan shekaru biyar nan da nan bayan an dauko berries, kuma a lokacin rani suna cire ƙarin rassan bazara (girma na wannan shekara), suna barin 4 ko 5 na mafi koshin lafiya kuma mafi iko. A watan Yuli, tweak da rassan don samun ci gaban gefen.

Fi dacewa, a kan daji na ja currant ya zama lokaci guda:

• 4-5 rassan girma spring (annuals);
• 4-5 rassan bara (shekarun shekaru biyu) tare da berries;
• 4-5 rassan shekaru uku tare da berries;
• 4-5 rassan shekaru hudu tare da berries;
• 4-5 rassan shekaru biyar, waɗanda aka yanke nan da nan bayan tattara berries daga gare su.

Hakanan ana yin daskararren daji shima a cikin bazara da damina. A cikin bazara, zaku iya cire rassan da suka karye ko daskararre, kuma a cikin kaka - tsohuwar, marasa lafiya ko kuma ba su da 'ya'ya. Yawancin lokaci, harbe na ja currants reshe kadan, don haka ba su rage shi, amma yanke shi zuwa matakin ƙasa.

Yadda za a sake juya launin ja a cikin bazara

Idan jan currant bai ga wata ƙaƙƙarfan tsaro na dogon lokaci ba kuma ya juya zuwa cikin manyan lamuran itace, to yawan amfanin ƙasa akan irin wannan daji zai zama marasa mahimmanci, kuma berries zai zama kaɗan. Don gyara halin da ake ciki, kuna buƙatar kayan kwalliyar tsufa, wanda yawanci ana yi a cikin bazara kafin a buɗe furanni.

Don sake sabunta shuka, duk rassan an yanke su tare da ƙasa.

1. Da farko cire tsoffin rassan duhu da shuɗi mai duhu, yankan su ga ƙasa.
2. Cire sama girma harbe harbe, barin gangara.
3. Share da keɓe kai tsaye rassan.
4. Cire harbe da ke girma a cikin daji.

Redcurrant yana ƙaunar daji wanda iska ke busa shi, don haka asirin gashi na yau da kullun dole ne.

Redcurrant yaduwa

Zai fi sauƙi don yaduwar currants tare da yanke ko saka Layer - a wannan yanayin, matasa daji zasu sake maimaita mahaifiyar.

Farfagandar ta yanke

1. A ƙarshen watan Agusta, tare da yin rigakafin tsufa, yanke harbe da yawa kuma a yanka a cikin guda 20-25 cm tsawo, cire ganye.
2. Kowane yakamata yakamata yana da ƙodan 4-5, yin ƙananan jujjuya 0.5-1 cm a ƙasa tare da koda, da babba kuma, kai tsaye 1 cm sama da koda.
3. Kowane sandar tare da ƙananan sashin an tsoma shi a cikin shirin Kornevin kuma an dasa shi a cikin ƙasa a cikin dindindin ko don dasa a cikin wani gado daban tare da sako-sako da ƙasa.
4. Shuka shinge a kusurwar 45^{game da}, da kodan 2 na nutsuwa a cikin ƙasa, sauran kuma ya kamata su kasance sama da ƙasa.
5. Lokacin dasa shuki akan gado, bar tsakanin tsararrakin 15-20 cm.
6. Zuba itace da ciyawa tare da takin sako, ciyawar peat ko busasshiyar ƙasa. Lokaci-lokaci saka idanu kasar gona saboda kada ta bushe.
7. A ƙarshen kaka, cuttings yawanci suna ɗaukar tushe, harbe-harben bazara na gaba suna fitowa daga buds.

Gyaran itace da sauri suna ɗauka tushe kuma suna sa tushe

Yaduwa ta hanyar farawa

1. A lokacin bazara, sun zabi harbi na bara kuma sun lanƙwasa ta a ƙasa, inda aka haƙa zurfin zurfin 5-8 cm.
2. An dage yin harbi har kambi ya saman ƙasa, harbin yana kanta.
3. Suna fil da harba a ƙasa tare da arches waya kuma yayyafa da sako-sako da ƙasa by 1 cm.
4. Lokacin da tsiron ya fito daga kodan kuma yayi girma zuwa 10 cm, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa kwance kusan ga ganye na sama.
5. Yana da mahimmanci a kula da ƙasa ƙasa a lokacin rufewa.
6. Ana ƙara ƙasa da yawa a lokacin bazara.
7. A tsakiyar Satumba, an yanke harbi daga daji mahaifiyar kuma a hankali ta haƙa.
8. An yanke reshe cikin gwal bisa ga yawan suttukan da aka kafe, kuma aka dasa su a cikin dindindin.

Da yawa harbe na iya girma daga wani layering

Red currant lura da kwari da cututtuka

Tsire-tsire masu rigakafin cutar ba sa fuskantar cututtuka da kwari, saboda haka kuna buƙatar bin dokokin fasahar aikin gona kuma ku fitar da feshin rigakafin.

1. Shuka tsire-tsire a cikin iska mai iska, ba rana.
2. Kada ku cika yin shuki, barin 1-2 m tsakanin tsirrai, kuma nisan da ke tsakanin ginin ya kasance aƙalla 1 m.
3. Cire rassan da ke da cutar ko sassan shuka a cikin wani yanayi mai dacewa - kar a bar cutar ta bazu.
4. Yi maganin tsufa na tsufa na daji don samun iska mai kyau.
5. Don rigakafin a cikin bazara, fesa currants tare da cakuda kwayoyi: Fitolavin + Farmayod + Fitoverm (1 tbsp. Kowace magani ya dil a cikin l 10 na ruwa).
6. Kowace mako, farawa daga bayyanar ganye na farko, feshi da currants tare da kwayoyin-hadaddiyar giyar: tsarguwa 2 Ecoberin da granules na Lafiya na 1 a cikin ruwa na ruwa kuma ƙara 2 saukad da ruwa HB-101.

Irin waɗannan matakan suna ba ku damar shuka currants ba tare da amfani da sinadarai ba, tun da magungunan da aka gabatar sune masu ilimin halitta.

Hoton hoto: kwayoyi don rigakafin kwari da cututtuka akan jan currant

Kwayar-hadaddiyar kwayar halitta tana kara karfin tsirrai, rage tasirin mummunan damuwa: zafi, zazzabi, iska.

Hoton Hoto: Karin Currant

Idan kwari sun bayyana a kan currant, to, ana amfani da kayan tarihin: Fitoverm - daga ticks da aphids, Bitoxibacillin - daga caterpillars. Ana yin yaduwa sau 2-3 tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 4-5.

Hoton Hoto: Cutar Redcurrant

Girma jan currant a kan kara

Baya ga daidaitattun narkar da currants tare da daji, ana amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin samar da jan currants.

Tebur: Fa'idodi da Ingantattun Tsarin Currant

Yadda za a ba da currants daidaitaccen sifa

1. Don samun daidaitaccen-currant currant, kuna buƙatar dasa danda ɓoyayyen ɗan shekara-shekara. Lokacin da harbi ya isa abin da ake so daga tushe, tsunkule saman.
   

   Samuwar jan currants a kan kara

2. A shekara mai zuwa, za mu cire dukkan harbe-harbe a kaikaice da kuma tafiyar matakai gaba daya da tushe, kuma a watan Agusta mun yanke kambin harbe.
3. A cikin shekara ta uku, harbe harbe na bara zai ba da amfanin gona na farko. Kula da irin dammar da muka ambata a sama. Tsunko fi na shekara-shekara harbe a kambi sake.
4. Na huɗu shekara: currant yana ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace da ƙarfi, muna yanke tsoffin rassan bayan mun dauko berries, kuma mun kakkaɗa ƙananansu.
5. Carearin kulawa da daidaitaccen currant ya kasance iri ɗaya: cire tushen zuriya da harbe a kan gangar jikin tushe.

Currants za a iya girma a cikin karamin itace - a kan kara. Tayi kyau sosai

Girma ja currants a kan trellis

Wannan wata hanya ce mai banbancin girma na launin ja, abin da aka fi amfani da shi a masana'antu fiye da aikin lambu na mutum.

Bango Trellis bango

Babban mahimmancin hanyar shine girma bushes na currant a cikin jirgin sama daya - a tsaye. Tare da babban girma na saukowa, ana samun bango.

Tebur: ab advantagesbuwan amfãni da rashin amfanin girma currants a kan trellis

Yadda za a yi girma currants a kan trellis

1. Da farko dai, nau'ikan samar da gwaggwabar riba mai tsauri don tsayayya da cututtuka da an zaɓi kwari don girma currants a kan trellis. Ya kamata berries ya zama babba, mai salable kuma mai ɗanɗano mai kyau, yawan amfanin ƙasa na bushes akalla 4 kilogiram.
2. An yi trellis tare da inganci mai kyau, tare da rami rami tare da zuba sumunti tare da racks a wurin. Yankin goyon baya yakamata a ƙarfafa shi tare da kari, kuma ƙananan ƙarshen tallafin ana bi da su ta hanyar maganin antiseptik ko shirye-shiryen anticorrosive. Matsayin tsayi na posts shine 2-2.5 m, ana jan waya a kansu kowane 50 cm.
3. Shekaru biyu na currant seedlings ana shuka su tare trellis a nesa na 0.7-1 m daga juna. Kowane seedling dole ne a pruned, barin game 20 cm na kara tare da uku buds.
   

   Samuwar jan currants a kan trellis

4. Lokaci na gaba, harbe masu ƙarfi zasu fito daga waɗannan dunƙulen, za su zama sifa mai fasali kuma a ɗaura su zuwa ƙarshen waya.
5. Shekarar ta gaba, an bar wadannan rassa su girma zuwa gaba, kuma sabbin matasa daga tushe an fyauce su kuma a daure su a kan trellis. A ƙarshen bazara, ana aiwatar da pruning, rage harbe, don haka tilasta su zuwa reshe.
6. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, suma sun ci gaba da yin bango, kuma tun daga shekaru 5, daji yakan gudanar da aikin tsufa, yankan tsofaffin harbe da maye gurbinsu da sababbi.

Ja currant a kan trellis bango ne mai ci gaba

Red currant ba wai kawai Berry lafiya, amma kuma ainihin ado na gona ba. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ripening, launi na berries da girman zai ba ka damar zaɓar currants zuwa ga yadda kuke so ga kowane mai lambu.