Dogwood: yadda za a zabi iri da ya dace da kula da amfanin gona

Dogwood yana nuna godiya ta hanyar lambu ba kawai kamar na ado ba, har ma unpretentious, yalwata fruiting shrub. Berriesa'idodinsa mai daɗi da ƙoshin lafiya suna da lafiya sosai. A tsakiyar yankin na Rasha, har yanzu ba a rarraba shi ko'ina ba, amma halin da ake ciki ya canza, tunda masu shayarwa sun riga sun birki iri iri tare da ƙara ƙarfin juriya.

Bayanin Shuka

Dogwood asalin halittu ne na bishiyoyi da tsayayyun bishiyu daga dangin Kizilovye. A dabi'a, al'ada ta yadu a kudu da gabashin Turai, a cikin Caucasus, a cikin Crimea, a cikin ,an Asiya, wanda kuma aka samo a China, Japan, Afirka ta Kudu, Amurka.

Sunan shuka shine saboda launin ja mai haske na berries - a fassara daga Turkic "dogwood" na nufin "ja". Wannan inuwa yana faruwa ne saboda yawan abubuwan da ke cikin anthocyanins, waɗanda ke da matuƙar fa'ida ga lafiya.

Dogwood ya zama ruwan dare a Rasha musamman a cikin Crimea, yankin Black Sea, da Caucasus.

Rayuwa mai amfani da tsirrai tayi har zuwa shekaru 150-250. A wannan lokacin, ciyawar dajin ya girma zuwa m 3 a tsayi, kuma itaciyar tayi girma zuwa 5-8 m. Ana iya tsammanin girbi na farko shekaru 10-12 bayan an shuka iri a cikin ƙasa. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, harbe ya bambanta a cikin girma, yana ƙara 45-50 cm a kowace kakar, to ya faɗi sosai, zuwa 8-10 cm kowace shekara. Bayan 'ya'yan itace na farko, dogwood yana kawo amfanin gona akai-akai; ga masu farawa, kuna iya dogaro akan kilogiram 12 zuwa 15 na fure daga daji.

Dogwood 'ya'yan itatuwa suna ɗaukar watanni da yawa don girma.

Haushi akan rassan matasa suna kore tare da tint mai launin shuɗi, yayin da yake girma, inuwa ta canza zuwa launin toka, wani lokacin tare da zaitun ko launin shuɗi. A harbe su ne na bakin ciki, nyknuyus. Bar a cikin hanyar elongated m, tare da kaifin baki mai kaifi, ana samun su a gaban juna. Gefen gaban farantin shine duhu fiye da na ciki, masu haske masu haske.

Dogwood a kudu na fure a ƙarshen Maris ko a farkon farkon Afrilu. Ana buɗe furannin a gaban ganye. An tattara ƙananan furanni masu launin rawaya mai haske ko mai laushi a cikin inflorescences a cikin hanyar laima ko scutellum tare da diamita na 5-6 cm. Dangane da iri-iri, fure yana daga kwanaki 15-20 zuwa 60-70.

Ya danganta da iri-iri, furewar da aka ci a cikin dogwood yana daga kwanaki 15 zuwa 70

'Ya'yan itãcen dogwood (drupes) sun yi tsayi na dogon lokaci. Yawancin lokaci ana girbe amfanin gona a watan Satumba ko a farkon watan Oktoba. A cikin yawancin nau'ikan halitta, ana fentin berries a cikin jan launi mai zurfi ko ja-orange. Lokaci-lokaci akwai fari, rawaya, ruwan hoda, shuɗi, kusan baki. Matsakaicin tsawon 'ya'yan itacen oval ko pear mai siffa shine 2-4 cm, nauyi 3-6 g. Jiki mai laushi mai daɗi yana da daɗi, tare da ɗanɗano mai annashuwa, dan kadan tart da astringent.

Dogwood baya fama da sanyi lokacin sanyi. Da bambanci, berries mai daskararre kawai inganta dandano.

Mafi sau da yawa, 'ya'yan itacen dogwood suna ja, amma akwai sauran inuwa

Berries yana bambanta ta hanyar ma'ana. Baya ga cin freshwoodwood, an bushe, daskararre, busasshe, ana amfani dashi don shirya biredi don abincin nama, giya na gida, mashaya giya, gami da adana.

Duk wani bargo na gida na katako suna da daɗi da ƙanshi

Dogwood kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma, amma a lokacin da yake fure, har yanzu sanyi ne sosai. Musamman ayyukan pollinating kwari ba a lura. Sabili da haka, al'adar ana ɗaukar son-kai. Idan aka dasa dogwood tare da tsammanin amfanin gona mai zuwa, zai dace a sami akalla uku daga cikin nau'ikansa tare da lokutan furanni iri ɗaya.

Yawancin iri da iri

Kwanan baya dogwood ya shahara tare da masu shayarwa. Yawancin lokaci suna samar da nau'ikan kayan ado waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai cikin ƙirar shimfidar wuri.

Dogwood

Mafi yawan nau'ikan jinsuna, ciki har da a Rasha. Matsakaicin tsayi na daji shine 2-2.5 m. furanni masu launin kore-rawaya, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launuka masu haske, mai dorewa. Bambanci a cikin unpretentiousness, zai iya girma ba tare da barin kwata kwata.

Mafi mashahuri nau'ikan:

• Pyramidalis. Goge har zuwa 4 m high tare da kambi pyramidal;
• Nana Yawan dwarf tare da tsayi ba fiye da 1 m ba, rawanin, har ma ba tare da trimming ba, ya juya ya zama kusan kwallon yau da kullun;
• Variegata. Ganye mai haske mai haske tare da salatin mai fadi ko farin fararen gefen gefen;
• Aurea. Ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi mai haske;
• Aurea Variegata. Gwal din launin rawaya da ratsi suna tsaye a kan babban tushen asalin farantin ganye.

Hoto na hoto: nau'in kiwo na dogwood

Dogwood fari

Ya girma musamman a gabas ta gabas, a China, Japan. Matsakaicin tsayi na shrub har zuwa 3 m, harbe suna bakin ciki, nickel. Haushi shine launin tubali. Matasa reshen rana suna jefa launin shuɗi. Farfajiyar da takardar takan yi kadan. Furannin furen fari ne, an buɗe furanni a farkon lokacin bazara kuma a cikin Satumba, a lokaci guda kamar 'ya'yan itace. A berries ne Milky fari, kusan zagaye.

Iri-iri:

• Elegantissima. Bambanta a cikin babban sanyi juriya. Harbe suna da kyau, launin kore mai duhu yana gudana tare da shanyewar tsami, ratsi, iyakar bakin ciki halaye ne;
• Siberica Aurea. Tsawon daji bai wuce 1.5-2 m ba, ganye suna launin rawaya, harbe suna jini-ja, 'ya'yan itaciyar fari, tare da farin haske;
• Siberica Variegata. Bush har zuwa 2 m high, harbe na murjani launi. Ganyayyaki masu duhu kore ne mai faffadar iyaka. A lokacin fall, launin ya canza zuwa shunayya, amma har yanzu yanayin canzawar bai canza ba. Yawan ci gaban ba ya bambanta, da wuya ya bada 'ya'ya.

Hoto na hoto: nau'in farin dogwood iri

Dogwood jini ja

Goge game da 4 m high, m branching. Ganyen ba su tsallake, kusan zagaye, a cikin kaka ana fentin su a dukkan launuka masu launin shuɗi, alkuki, alkali, da shunayya. A ciki ne da yawa pubescent Furanni ƙananan, masu launin kore-fari. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne masu launin shuɗi-baki.

Kiwo iri-iri:

• Vertissima (mafi daɗaɗa). Barkono, ganyayyaki da berries na launin kore mai haske;
• Variegata. A ganye kore duhu tare da Milky fari ko letas aibobi. Green matasa harbe a hankali canza launi zuwa purple. 'Ya'yan itacen kusan baki ne;
• Mitchii (Mitch). Ganyayyaki masu duhu ne kore masu launin shuɗi.

Hotunan Hoto: Hotunan Jiki-Jiki na Dogwood

Gudun kare

Mahaifarsa ta asali ita ce Arewacin Amurka. Ana rarrabe itace mara kyau ta kambi mai kauri sosai. A cikin kaka, ganye sukan mutu, kafin canza launi daga kore zuwa shunayya.

Dangane da shi, shayarwa sun kasa:

• Cif Cherokee. Itace 4-5 m, fure mai launuka iri-iri;
• Rubra Ganyayyaki akan tsire-tsire ɗaya ana canza launin launuka iri-iri masu ruwan hoda, daga kodadde na walƙiya zuwa jauhari.

Hoto na hoto: itacen kare na fure da ire-ire

Dogwood

Hakanan yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka. Ableaunatacce, mafi girma akan bankunan koguna. Wani fasalin halayyar shine kasancewar yawancin adadin harbe-harbe. Tsawon daji ya kai har zuwa 2.5. harbe-harbe sune bulo ko murjani, furanni masu launin fari, an jefa furannin shuɗi.

Nau'in kayan ado:

• Kwalba Gwal. Ganyayyaki masu launin kore ne mai haske, tare da babban milkin farin miliki;
• Flaviramea. Ya bambanta a cikin girma girma, kambi kusan na fata ne. Ganyen launin rawaya a lokacin bazara canza launi zuwa kore. A cikin kaka, ganye (amma ba duka ba) ana jefa su cikin ja;
• Kelsey. Tsawon daji bai wuce 1 m ba, diamita - kimanin 1.5 m. Haushi ya kasance kore mai launin shuɗi. Bar ganye a cikin kaka riƙe na dogon lokaci, canza launi zuwa murjani ko launin ruwan duhu.

Hoton hoto: nau'in dogwood

Dogwood Coase

Ana samun takamaiman yanayi a Japan da China. Tsawon daji shine 7-9 m .. An bambanta shi da fure mai ado. A lokacin bazara, ganye sukan zama sabuwa.

Popular iri:

• Tauraron Zinare. Tsawon daji shine 5-6 m, ruwan ganye na haske mai haske kore mai launin shuɗi a tsakiyar jijiya;
• Wayyo Milky. Yankin daji ya fi 7 m tsawo, furanni suna da yawa, tare da filayen dusar ƙanƙara.

Hoto a hoto: Gidan shakatawa na Dogwood da ire-irensa

Sauran nau'ikan

A tsakanin lambu, ba kawai na ado ba ne, har ma da yalwa da ke haifar da irin nau'in dogwood. Wanda akafi sani a cikin Russia sune wadanda shayarwa ke shayarwa:

1. Kalamunda. Ofaya daga cikin farkon, an girbe berries a cikin 15th na Agusta. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyin 6-8 g, a cikin nau'in pear. Fatar ta yi launin shuɗi, daga nesa tana kama da baki. A ɓangaren litattafan almara jini ne ja; ya juye ruwan hoda kusa da ƙashi.
2. Grenadier Bambanci a cikin kwanciyar hankali da yalwatacce fruiting. Girbi ya farfado a farkon watan Agusta. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin nau'ikan silinda, mai nauyin 5-6 g .. Fatar fata mai launin shuɗi, mai haske.
3. Eugene. Yawancin lokacin girbi na matsakaici ne, ana girbe amfanin gona a cikin ƙarnin ƙarshe na Agusta ko farkon Satumba. Ko da gaba daya cikakke berries ba fada daga daji. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna hade, a cikin nau'i na cinya, ƙwanƙwasawa kaɗan a farfajiyar.
4. Elena. Varietyan bambanta daga farkon nau'in, ana nuna shi ta hanyar tsananin juriya (har zuwa-35ºС). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu kyau, siffar yau da kullun. A berries ba su fada, har ma gaba daya ripening. Matsakaicin nauyin tayin shine 5 g, fatar fata launin shuɗi ne (baƙar fata halayen wasu nau'ikan da yawa ba ya nan). A ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da dadi, tare da ɗan ɗimbin acidity. Yawancin suna da 'ya'ya (40-45 kilogiram daga daji) da farkon (fruitsa fruitsan farko na shekaru 3 bayan dasa).
5. Kostya. Marigayi bishiyar kare bishiyar ciyawa a ƙarshen Satumba ko Oktoba. Berries baya fada daga bishiyar. Matsakaicin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen shine 5.5-6 g, fatar fata baki ne ja.
6. Murjani Ya danganta da yanayin rani, ana girbe amfanin gonar ne daga ƙarnin nan na Agusta zuwa tsakiyar Satumba. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari kaɗan, masu nauyin 3-4 g, amma ɗanɗano don karewar itacen na da ɗamara sosai - mai daɗi, mai kamancin da cherries. Fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen cuku da sauri crumble. Akwai nau'ikan Coral Mark - 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyin 5-6 g, a siffar mai kama da plry plum.
7. Vladimirsky. Ripens a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Agusta. Tana da yawan amfanin ƙasa (50-55 kilogiram daga gandun daji) da kuma girman Berry (8-10 g). Ko da ripening, ba sa murƙushe. Yin tsayayya da fari, zafi, cuta. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari cylindrical, dan kadan flattened.
8. Lukyanovsky. Fruiting yana faruwa a ƙarshen watan Agusta. Berries a cikin nau'i na kwalban, nau'i-nau'i. Matsakaicin matsakaici 6-7 g. Fatar fata mai sheki ce, mai duhu sosai.
9. Mai ladabi. The berries ripen a tsakiyar Agusta, a shekara. 'Ya'yan itace masu kama-aya, mai rawaya mai haske. Cikakke berries ya haskaka cikin rana, kasusuwa a bayyane yake. Dankin yana da matukar taushi, mai daɗi da ƙamshi. Yawan nauyin itacen shine 6-7 g. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona shine 30-35 kg.
10. Gobarar. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na kwalban, suna yin nauyi sama da g 7..5 Ripen a farkon Satumba. Fatar ta yi launin ja, launin jiki ya fi duhu, ceri. A berries suna m. An cire kilogiram 50-60 daga 'ya'yan itaciya. A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa fari, sanyi, cuta.
11. Semen. Iri na marigayi ripening. Masu kirkira suna matsayin matsayin mai daurin-kai, amma aikin yana nuna cewa wannan ba gaskiya bane. Girbi a ƙarshen Satumba ko farkon Oktoba. Gwanin cherry, taro mai siffar lu'u-lu'u - 6-7 g. Fushin sanyi ba shi da yawa, har zuwa -20ºС.
12. M Da dama matsakaici ripening. Berries yana nauyin 7-7.5 g, siffar yana da elongated, kwalba. Fata na da duhu ceri. Fruitsa fruitsan fruitsan itacen ba su crumble.
13. Alyosha. A iri-iri tare da high hunturu hardiness da rigakafi. Berriesa berriesan itacen Pean mara launi, mai nauyin 3-4 g. Fatar fata mai kauri ce, rana ce rawaya. Girbi ya girma a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Agusta.
14. Nikolka. Ingancin matakin farko. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari mãsu ɗanɗano ne, da sauri kamar yadda suke yi. Dandano mai daɗi ne, mai daɗaɗa-m. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne ba mai yawa, amma sosai m. Kwasfa mai kwalliya. Yawan aiki - 30-35 kg.
15. M. Early iri, yana da rigakafi. Berries yana haɓaka a farkon shekarun watan Agusta, wani lokacin ma a ƙarshen Yuli. Abubuwan amfanin gona ba su da tasiri ga yanayin yanayi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari elongated, mai fasali, mai siffar kwalba. Fatar jiki kusan baki ne, matsakaicin nauyi shine 4-6 g. Yawancin aiki ya kai kilogiram 45. A berriesan itace thata pickedan da ba a tsince su akan lokaci ba '' ya bushe '' kada kuma ku murƙushe kafin sanyi.

Hoto na hoto: nau'in nau'in dogwood sanannen sanannun tsakanin gardenersan lambu

Hanyar saukowa da kuma shirya shi

Itace bata da ma'anar ingancin kasar. Abinda ya ke yarda bai yarda da shi ba shine acidification na kasar gona. Don haka, ba a dasa dogwood a cikin ƙananan wurare ba kuma inda ruwan karkashin ruwa ya matso kusa da ƙasa kusa da 1.5. Zai kawo iyakar ƙarfin da aka samu lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin haske amma abinci mai gina jiki wanda zai wuce iska da ruwa sosai.

Da farko, matattarala wata shuka ce ta kudanci, tana jure hasken rana kai tsaye, amma kuma ta dace da inuwa. Koyaya, mafi kyawun zaɓi a gare shi shine inuwa mai haske. Idan babu isasshen haske, yanayin 'ya'yan itacen ya lalace, yawan amfanin gonar ya ragu, tsarin kayan ado na nau'ikan iri ya lalace, "goge". Kuna iya sanya shuken daji akan gangara - a cikin yanayi yakan girmar haka. Yana da kyau a zabi wani wuri nan da nan kuma har abada, dasawar shuka bata yin haƙuri da kyau.

Dogwood ya kawo iyakar yawan amfanin da ake samu, ana dasa shi a wani fili kuma ana samarwa da isasshen sarari don abinci

Dogwood dogon hanta ne. Wannan yakamata ayi la'akari dashi lokacin zabar wurin dasawa, sanyawa aƙalla 3-5 m daga wasu bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace, tsintsaye, gine-gine. Lokacin dasa shuki da yawa bushes a lokaci guda don giciye-pollination, suna sanya a kalla 5 m daga juna.

Zabin seedlings

Seedlingsan shekaru biyu-biyu seedlings dauki tushen mafi kyau. M gaban 3-6 kwarangwal harbe. Thicknessaƙƙarfan akwati ya kamata ya zama 1.5 cm, tsayi ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 120 cm, yakamata a inganta tushen, tare da tushen da yawa tsawon 30 cm. Kasancewar furen fure ne kyawawa. Ana iya bambanta su da ganye akan girman su da siffar zagaye.

Dogwood seedlings ana samun mafi kyau daga amintaccen gandun daji ko daga mashahurai masu siyarwa

Rijiyar rami

Dogwood saukowa rami an shirya kamar 1-1.5 watanni kafin aikin. Zurfinsa yakamata ya zama cm 75-80, diamita - kimanin m 1. A kasan, wani magudanar ruwa mai kauri 10 cm abin so ne A saman farfajiyar kasar gona da aka fitar daga ramin an haɗe shi da humus (20-30 l), har da nitrogen, potash, takin zamani. Zaka iya, alal misali, ɗaukar carbamide (50-60 g), potassium sulfate (70-80 g) da kuma sauki superphosphate (150-180 g).

Idan ƙasa tana da acidic, don kawo ma'aunin acid-base zuwa tsaka tsaki, an ƙara ɓarnar itace ash, gari dolomite, da lemun tsami (200-500 g).

An zubar da kayan masarufi a kasan ramin dogwood - inji kuwa bai jure yanayin danshi ba

Lokacin dasawa, tushen murfin dogwood yana buƙatar zurfafa cikin ƙasa ta hanyar 3-4 cm, a ƙarshen hanya, shayar da seedling mai yawa (lita 25-30 na ruwa), ciyawa ƙasa a cikin da'irar kusa kuma yanke rassan da ke wanzu, suna rage su da kashi ɗaya bisa uku.

Yadda shuka ke yaduwa

Lambu mai son don yaduwar dogwood suna amfani da yawancin hanyoyin ciyayi. Amma zaka iya ƙoƙarin shuka daji daga zuriyar. Gaskiya ne, a wannan yanayin babu tabbacin cewa za a kiyaye halaye na ɗammani na "iyaye".

Rooting layering

Dogwood harbe ne quite na bakin ciki, nyknut, don haka tanƙwara su a ƙasa ba wuya. Su za a iya dage farawa a cikin pre-excavated m raren ko kuma gyarawa tare da katako, guda, waya. An rufe reshe da murfin humus 5-7 cm lokacin farin ciki, ya bar kawai saman. Duk tsawon lokacin girma, ana buƙatar yawan shayarwa. Daga kaka, 'yan' ya 'ya' ya 6,6 ya bayyana. Bayan shekara guda, suna rarrabe a kansu sosai daga uwar itaciyar kuma aka dasa su zuwa wani sabon wuri.

Idan ba ku rufe duka harbe da ƙasa ba, amma kawai tsakiyarsa, zaku sami sabon daji guda ɗaya kawai, amma mai ƙarfi da haɓaka.

'Yan lambu suna amfani da keɓe filayen filawa don haifar da karewar yawancin lokaci.

Yankan

Kamar yadda yanke, kawai ba-lignified fi na harbe yanke daga cikakken lafiya bushes shekara 5-6 shekaru da mazan ana amfani. Tsawon katako shine 12-15 cm, ana buƙatar ƙaramin nau'i biyu na ganye. Yanke kayan dasa kayan a kusurwar 40-45º. Kuna iya yin wannan duk tsawon lokacin bazara.

Abubuwan da aka samo sakamakon ana saka su nan da nan cikin ruwa a zazzabi a daki ko kuma maganin kowane biostimulant (Epin, Kornevin, succinic acid, ruwan 'aloe) nan da nan. Leavesananan ganye, idan an nutsar dasu cikin ruwa, yanke.

Kafe dogwood a cikin gansakuka-sphagnum ko a cakuda peat tare da m kogin yashi, perlite, vermiculite. An yanke yankan a wani kusurwa - wannan yana tayar da haɓaka asalin tushen sa. Sannan an rufe su da jakunkuna ko kuma kwalaben roba (bai kamata su taɓa abin ba), suna ƙirƙirar "greenhouse". Kyakkyawan yanayi don rooting shine zazzabi na kimanin 25 ° C, kullun mai matsakaici mai laushi, sa'o'in hasken rana aƙalla awa 10, da kuma rashin hasken rana kai tsaye.

Tushen tsarin rayayye a cikin cuttings dasa a wani kwana

Bayan makonni 2-3, zaku iya fara cire "greenhouse". Lokaci ba tare da kariya ba yana tsawaita a hankali daga awa 1-2 zuwa 14-16. Bayan kwanaki 15-20, ana iya cire mafaka gaba ɗaya.

A cikin shekarar, ana adana itace a gida, ana sawa kowane wata tare da maganin sinadarin da ke ɗauke da sinadarin nitrogen (3-5 g / l). Lokacin kaka mai zuwa, ana iya dasa dogwood a cikin ƙasa.

Magudi

Hanyar tana buƙatar ɗan lambu don samun ɗan goguwa. A zahiri, budding iri ɗaya ne alurar riga kafi, amma a wannan yanayin, ba duka amfani da reshe bane, amma girma daya. A jari shine "daji" jinsunan kare. Yiwuwar nasarar aikin, idan an yi komai daidai, kashi tamanin da takwas zuwa tara ne. Ku ciyar da shi daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa farkon faɗuwar rana.

An yi ɓarna mai nau'in X-ko T tare da zurfin da bai wuce 5 mm ba a cikin ƙwayar rootstock tare da hular kwano ko ruwan reza. Haushi yana lanƙwasa a hankali. An yanke toho daga ƙoshin gaba tare da garkuwar kyallen takarda da ke kewaye da mm 2 mm lokacin farin ciki da cm 3-4 a diamita.

Abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin tsarin toshe shine a taɓa ɗanɗanar girma kamar yadda zai yiwu

An saka garkuwa tare da koda a cikin daraja a kan hannun jari, an shirya tsararren tsari gaba ɗaya, a nannade shi da tef mai ɗamara, tef ɗin manne ko tef na musamman na buddwa. Kodan ya kasance a buɗe. Bayan kusan wata daya, ya kamata ta "farka." Idan hakan ta faru, an cire dukkan harbe-tallacen da ke sama da wurin rigakafin.

Girma daji daga zuriya

Dogwood namo ta hanya mai tasowa ta dade. Irin waɗannan bushes suna ba da 'ya'ya ba a farkon shekaru 8-10 bayan dasa shuki a wuri mai ɗorewa. Koyaya, hanya galibi ana amfani da ita don shuka tsiran daji na daji, wanda a sannan za'a yi amfani dashi azaman jari. Showsabi'a mai nuna: tsaba suna yin saurin girma daga sabon ɗan itacen da ba a girbe ba.

Dogwood tsaba an tsabtace na ɓangaren litattafan almara su hana ci gaban rot

Tsaba da aka fitar daga drupes (aka matse sosai da bushe) ana ajiye su a cikin rigar ƙarfe ko sawun a zazzabi na 5-6 ° C har tsawon shekara guda. Wannan ya zama dole, in ba haka ba germination ba zai wuce 30%, kuma dole ne seedlings su jira kimanin shekaru biyu.

Kafin dasa shuki, ana tsoma tsaba tsawon kwanaki 3 a cikin maganin 2% na sulfuric acid ko lemun tsami, suna canza shi yau da kullun. Sannan ana dasa su a kowace ƙasa ta duniya na shuka ko a cakuda yashi da yashi, waɗanda aka binne su da santimita 3-5. Yanayin ya yi kama da waɗanda aka kirkira don tsararrun itace.

Seedlings ba su bambanta a cikin girma girma. A cikin shekarar farko suna buɗewa har zuwa 4-5 cm, a cikin na biyu - har zuwa cm 12-15. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire tuni za a iya tura su zuwa buɗe ƙasa.

Rarraba daji

Ta hanyar rarraba daji, kawai busheswood bushes fiye da shekaru 10 suna yaduwa, hada hanya tare da dasawa. Daga wani daji zaka iya samun sabbin tsirrai guda 3-4. Idan za ta yiwu, Tushen suna kwance, inda ba shi yiwuwa, a yanka wuƙa mai kaifi. An warkar da raunukan da alli, an shafe shi da itace. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin sabon wuri, ana yanke tushen bushewa gaba ɗaya, ragowar suna gajarta da 3-5 cm.

Basal harbe

Dogwood da yarda ya samar da tukunya. Ya isa ya raba shi da shuka daga uwar da dasa shi zuwa wani sabon wuri. Hanyar ba ta dace da grable bushes ba, saboda a wannan yanayin harbe-harbe suna samar da jari "daji".

Yawancin nau'in dogwood da son rai suna samar da harbe-harbe

Mahimmancin Kulawa

Dogwood, idan kun bashi lokaci kadan da himma, zai gode wa mai lambu da girbin shekara-shekara da yalwa da yawa. Barin yana kunshe ne a cikin shayarwa, hadi da kuma ingantaccen girki.

Watse

Tushen tushen matattara na sama ne, saboda haka yana iya yin gaba ɗaya tare da ɗabi'a. Amma tare da tsananin zafi da fari tsawo, har yanzu ana buƙatar watering, musamman a lokacin 'ya'yan itace ripening. Sau ɗaya a mako ya isa. Ka'ida ga tsararren shuka shine lita 30-40.

A bayyane alamar cewa shuka rasa danshi ne ganye a nada a cikin wani bututu tare da tsakiyar jijiya.

Yawancin shayarwa kusan shine kawai hanyar da za a lalata ɗan itacen. Dogwood stagnation baya jure danshi danshi.

Ba a zubar da ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe, amma a cikin tsagi ko madauwari a tsakanin bushes. Idan kuna da ikon fasaha, yana da kyau ku tsara ban ruwa don ban ruwa. Yayyafa don dogwood ba zaɓi ne mai kyau ba. Kowane lokaci bayan hanya, ana kwance ƙasa a kusa-da'irar zuwa zurfin 7-10 cm.

Don shirya yadda ya kamata domin hunturu, shuka yana buƙatar ban ruwa mai cajin ruwa. Kuna iya ƙin karɓa idan lokacin damina yayi ruwa sosai. Ana amfani da lita 70-80 na ruwa akan ɗan daji. Ku ciyar dashi kimanin makonni 2 bayan ƙarshen fruiting.

Aikace-aikacen taki

Dogwood ya tsira kuma ya bada fruita withoutan itace ba tare da takin komai ba, amma aikace aikacen takin zamani yana da tasirin gaske akan ƙirar aiki da adonsu. Dankin ya amsa tare da godiya ga mahallin Organic da na ma'adinai.

1. A cikin bazara, don haɓakar haɓakar kore mai yawa, dogwood yana buƙatar nitrogen. A ƙarshen Afrilu, ana shayar da shi tare da bayani na urea, potassium sulfate, ammonium nitrate (15 g da 10 l).
2. Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2-3, lokaci guda tare da ɓullar bazara na ƙasa, ana rarraba buloguna biyu na humus ko taki da aka buga a cikin da'irar-kusa.
3. Don tumatir na 'ya'yan itace, phosphorus da potassium suna da mahimmanci. A watan Yuli da Agusta, ana shayar da dogwood tare da superphosphate da potassium sulfate a cikin ruwa (20-25 g a 10 l). Tushen asalin waɗannan macroelements shine ash ash, an shirya jiko daga gare ta.

Dogwood yawan aiki yana ƙaruwa idan an dasa shi a cikin abin da ke wadatar da ƙwayar baƙin ƙarfe. Sabili da haka, kowane shekaru 2-3 a ƙarƙashin daji, ana bada shawara ga yayyafa gari mai dolomite, ruwan lemun tsami, ƙwanƙwaran kwai.

Gari Dolomite - deoxidizer na ƙasa ne, a lokaci guda yana wadatar da ƙasa da alli

Mai jan tsami

Dogwood baya buƙatar yin pruning. Iyakar abin da ya keɓance shi ne ƙirar filin ƙasa, lokacin da aka ba da kyakkyawan tsarawar halittar da ba ta dace ba ga daji. Shuka ta yanayi yana da kambi na kyakkyawan kyakkyawan tsari na yau da kullun kuma yana da ikon kiyaye ta ba tare da taimakon waje ba.

Dogwood bushes za a iya ba da wani sabon abu siffar, amma sun yi kyau kyan gani ba tare da shi

A lokaci guda, kar a manta a datsa da sanitary. Ana yin ta kowace shekara, a farkon lokacin bazara, kafin kodan "ta farka". A cikin aiwatarwa, suna kawar da duk rassan da suka daskarewa, bushe, sun karye ƙarƙashin nauyin dusar ƙanƙara. Abubuwan da ke cikin zurfin harbe da ke ƙasa da zurfi cikin kambi, masu rauni, karkatacciya, a fili suna warware saitin daidai kuma an cire su.

Don yankan amfani kawai kaifi da sanitized almakashi, wukake, pruners. Idan diamita na yanke ya wuce 0.5 cm, an wanke shi da maganin 2% na sulfate jan karfe kuma an rufe shi da gonar var.

Mai gyara gashi dole ne ya zama mai tsabta da kaifi.

Kowane shekara 10-15, ana yin rigakafin cututtukan tsufa, yana kawar da duk rassan shekaru 10 da haihuwa. Idan akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, ana iya tsawan hanya zuwa 2-3 na yanayi. Dogwood yana canja wurin shi da kyau, yana murmurewa gabaɗaya a farkon shekara mai zuwa.

A kan grappy dogwood, duk harbe dole ne a cire a kasa da rootstock. In ba haka ba, dajin kuma ya sake "gudu daji".

Bidiyo: yadda ake yankan katako

Cutar Kwayar cuta da Kwari

Dogwood na fama da wahalar fama da cututtuka da kwari. Wannan kuma ya shafi nau'ikan halitta da kuma nau'ikan kiwo. Idan rani yayi matukar sanyi da ruwa, tsatsa zata iya ci gaba.

Ana iya gano cutar da sauƙi ta hanyar launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin fata wanda ke bayyana akan cikin ganyayyaki. A hankali suna zama denser, canza launinsu zuwa jan ƙarfe ko tsatsa. Don rigakafin, ana yayyafa dogwood a farkon bazara tare da mafita na 1% na ruwa Bordeaux ko sulphate jan karfe. Bayan samo alamun halayyar, ana amfani da kowane nau'in kisan gilla (Skor, Chorus, Kuprozan, Abiga-Peak). Yawancin lokaci isa 2-3 jiyya tare da tazara daga 7-10 kwanaki.

Don magance tsatsa, kazalika da sauran hanyoyin fungi, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen tagulla.

Daga cikin kwari, dogwood na iya shafar tsutsotsi lokaci-lokaci. Rashin kwari na kwari akan daji za'a iya kuskure domin gari mai yayyafa. Yankunan da abin ya shafa na shuka sun zama rawaya, bushe da faduwa, harbe ya lalace, daji kusan zai daina yin girma. Don prophylaxis, dogwood yana turɓaya sau ɗaya kowace rana ta 12-15 tare da katako na katako, ƙyallen baƙin ciki, ƙwayar ɓarna, da toka. Bayan samo kwari, Mospilan, Confidor-Maxi ana amfani da su.

Tsutsotsi suna ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace

Siffofin haɓakar dogwood a yankuna daban-daban na Rasha

Sakamakon babban nau'in dogwood na dogwood, ana iya shuka wannan shigi a yawancin yankuna na Rasha, la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan:

1. Dogwood 'ya'yan itãcen ripen na wani lokaci mai tsawo, sabili da haka, don arewacin yankuna na Rasha, kazalika da tsakiyar tsiri, iri da farkon ripening ya kamata a zaba (Vavilovets, Elena, m).
2. Mafi kyawun lokacin don dasa shuki a cikin yankuna na Kudancin shine kusan tsakiyar Oktoba (makonni 2-3 kafin farkon sanyi). A yankunan arewacin, taron yana buƙatar shirya taron a baya. A cikin bazara, an dasa dogwood da wuya. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa lokacin ciyayi a cikin shuka yana farawa da wuri, a yawancin yankuna ƙasa lokacin wannan lokaci kawai bashi da lokacin da zai dumama sosai.
3. Bushes girma a yankuna tare da yanayin kasa mara ƙarfi ba sa buƙatar tsari na musamman don hunturu. Banda shi ne matasa seedlings karkashin shekara 5 years. Zai fi kyau a gare su su dasa tushen ta hanyar ƙirƙirar peat ko humus Layer a gindin daji game da kauri cm 15. A cikin yankuna masu yanayi mai zafi, hunturu na iya zama da daddaɗa sosai kamar yadda ake yin dusar ƙanƙara mai tsananin sanyi kuma ba dusar ƙanƙara ba. Don kauce wa daskarewa, matasa bushes an rufe shi da kwali na kwali na dacewa, cushe da bambaro, shavings, sawdust. Manyan tsirrai sun daure rassa da dama kuma suna kunshe daji tare da yadudduka da yawa na kowane kayan suttura wanda zai ba iska damar wucewa. Da zaran isasshen dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗo, tara babban snowdrift. A lokacin hunturu ana sake sabunta shi sau da yawa, kamar yadda dusar ƙanƙara ke zaune. Don yankuna na arewacin, ya dace da zaɓar nau'in dogwood mai tsayayya mai sanyi (Elena, Svetlyachok, Alyosha).

Lamburan ra'ayoyi

Idan kun dasa katako a tsakiyar Rasha, to mafi kyau shine farkon bazara, idan kun shuka a kudu (alal misali, a cikin Crimea), to, mafi kyawun lokacin shine kaka, lokacin da seedlingsa seedlingsan seedlings ke sarrafa kai, warkar da tsarin tushen lalace kuma ku dasa tushen tsohuwar tsufa a cikin bazara, sannan kuma samu nasarar jure fari fari da bushewar iska. Zan ƙara: a cikin filayen lambun, rami da ramuka masu mahimmanci sune watanni shida - a cikin bazara don dasa shuki da kaka - don bazara. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an tabbatar da cewa itacen katako yana da matukar tsananin sanyi-a tsakiyar yankin na Rasha; ya yi fice a Moscow da Yankin Moscow. Na karanta cewa dogwood na iya jure dusar ƙanƙara mai zafi - fiye da -30 ° C kuma ana samun ta a cikin ƙasa a latti na St. Petersburg. AMMA! Na san mutanen da suke girma da katako a cikin karkara, amma saboda wasu dalilai basa yin 'ya'ya a ciki. A kudu (alal misali, a Kuban da kuma a yankin Rostov) itacen daji ba ya daskarewa, amma galibi yana fama da fari lokacin bazara da bushewar iska.

Evgen//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/13181/

My karewa na girma da kyau! Ttan gida 20 kilomita arewacin Moscow. Kawo daga Crimea karamin seedling, dug a cikin tsaunuka. Dasa a gefen yamma na shinge mara amfani. Wannan hanyar a 2002. Tun daga lokacin, daji ya girma lafiya, yana turawa. Yau itace daji mai girman mita 2 da inci. Amma ba ya kai 'ya'yan itace. Na karanta cewa kuna buƙatar aƙalla bushes guda 2, azaman amfanin kai. Ban taɓa ganin fure ba, don haka da farko ba za mu je ɗakin kankara ba.

ElenaOK//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/13181/page-4

Dogwood duka biyu suna girma kuma suna bada 'ya'ya. Amma tabbas yana buƙatar pollinators. Na kawai girma daya daji, shi bloomed da kyau, amma ba su kai da yawa 'ya'yan itace - daya ko biyu dintsi na berries. Na kawo masa wani nau'in varietal a gare shi. Wannan varietal kullum yana daskarewa, kuma baya girma sama da dusar ƙanƙara. Kuma daji na ba tabbas ba purebred - da berries ba manyan, sun girma da girma da sauri a tsawo, Dole na yanke shi a tsawo na 2.5 m domin ya iyakance shi.

Barabash//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/13181/page-4

Da kyau, ana iya cinye nau'in dogwood na al'ada, amma, a ganina, wannan shine kawai shuka wanda baya buƙatar kulawa da komai. Muna girma, idan kawai don hakan - babu ruwan sanyi ko zafi. Gaskiya ne, an jefa bututun ruwa guda biyu cikin fari wanda zai dawwama tsawon watanni biyu, saboda kar a bushe.

Kolya//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=694

Daga cikin tsire-tsire na 'ya'yan itace na kudanci, dogwood shine mafi yawan hunturu-Hardy. Ya samu nasarar zama 'ya'yan itace a cikin yanayin Donbass ba tare da ɗanɗana dusar ƙanƙara mai zafi ba. Dogwood tsirrai ne masu ratsa jiki. Bisexual fure. Pollination mafi yawa ana aiwatar da kudan zuma. Lokaci guda na dogwood ba sa yin 'ya'ya, domin ana iya ɗaukar pollination ne mai daɗaɗɗɗa, a cikin furanni ɗaya daga tsire-tsire masu ɗaukar pollin wani. Tare da cin gashin kansa, 'ya'yan itacen basu daure. Don tabbatar da ingancin ƙwayar dogwood, ana bada shawara ga sanya tsire-tsire iri daban-daban ta jere. Duk nau'in dogwood tare da lokacin furanni iri ɗaya suna da kyau. Lokacin furanni na kowane nau'in ya zo daidai, bambancin lokacin fure shine yawanci kwanaki 1-3. Farkon fure, a cikin yanayin Kiev, yana faɗuwa akan lokacin daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu, har sai ganye ya yi toho a zazzabi na 5-9ºС.Sau da yawa fure yakan faru da mahimman zazzabi, amma wannan ba ya shafar fruiting, 'ya'yan itacen ɓaure da yawa kuma kowace shekara.

Sergey Donetsk//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=694

Ina zuwa gonar tun ƙarshen Maris a kowane mako, kuma ina yin nazarin allura riga a cikin gilashin ƙara girman, don haka ba zan rasa fure fure ba idan na so. Daji ya girma sosai, babu korafi game da haɓaka, har ma, zaku iya faɗi, ado, ganye suna da kyau. Amma gaskiyar cewa rashin son kai ba shi da daɗi.

IrinaNN//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1817

My dogwood tsiro game da shekaru takwas, tare da daji 2 m high, a wannan lokacin Na shiga biyu transplants, iyakar shekara-shekara tsiro froze kadan, yana fure a kai a kai, amma sosai, sosai da wuri, babu kudan zuma tashi duk da haka, babu wani lokaci ga kudan zuma aiki da kanta, babu 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, bi da bi, ko dai .

Yanina//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1817

Dogwood shine tsiro wanda ba shi da amfani sosai tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu amfani sosai. Ana amfani dashi da yawa cikin ƙirar ƙasa. Dangane da farkon al'adun zafi-ƙauna, masu shayarwa sun sami nau'in sanyi mai tsaurin sanyi, wanda ke ba ku damar shuka dogwood da girbi a yawancin Russia. Hakanan, fa'idar da babu tabbas ɗin ta ƙunshi babban rigakafi ga yawancin cututtukan hali na amfanin gona na gona da rashin matsaloli tare da haifuwa.