Pekin kabeji har zuwa 70s na ƙarni na ƙarshe ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ƙasashen Asiya. Yanzu, bayan irin kiwo mai dausayi da samari mai inganci, aikinta na fuskantar tashin tashinda ba'a taba ganin irinta ba. Peking yana da girma, duka biyu a kan masana'antu sikelin da kuma a cikin gidajen Aljannar. Wannan tsire-tsire marasa kwalliya suna girma sosai, da sauri. Ganin halayen al'adu, ana iya samun amfanin gona biyu a kowace kakar. Yana da mahimmanci a san ƙananan asirin da matsalolin kayan lambu, ku kiyaye su yayin dasa da girma.
Fasali na kabeji na Beijing da kuma manyan hanyoyin shuka shi
Pekin kabeji, kamar sauran wakilan dangin kabeji, shuka ne mai tsawon kwana. Wannan yana nufin cewa don fruiting (iri mai ɗorawa) al'adun suna buƙatar hasken rana fiye da awa 13. Idan tsawon lokacin sa ya kai sa'o'i 12 ko lessasa da hakan, to ba za'a mai da hankali kan shuka ba, amma a lokaci guda girma na ganyayyaki da ovaries zasu yi aiki.
Idan duk aikin an yi shi bisa ga ka'idodi yayin girma kabeji na Beijing, to, girbin zai kasance da wuri kuma mai arziki.
Tun da yake an girbe kabeji na Beijing don ganye da shugabannin kabeji, wannan yanayin na al'adar ya kamata a la'akari yayin zabar hanyar girma da shuka. Akwai manyan hanyoyi biyu don bunkasar Beijing:
- ta hanyar tsaba;
- seedlings.
Kula! Ba kowa ba ne ya san cewa da sayi shugaban kabeji na Beijing a cikin shago, ba za ku iya cinye shi kawai ba, har ma da shuka sabon tsiro daga gare ta.
Tsaba, seedlings da stalks na kabeji za a iya dasa duka a bude ƙasa da kuma a cikin mafaka. Bari mu kalli dukkan hanyoyi da ka'idoji don al'adun shuka, kuma muyi magana game da sifofinsu da fa'idojinsu.
Wani irin ƙasa ke son kabeji na Beijing?
Lokacin shirya ƙasa don kayan lambu masu girma, dole ne mutum yayi la'akari da zaɓin waɗannan masu zuwa:
- tsaka tsakin ƙasa acidity. Sabili da haka, a lokacin digging na kaka, shafin yana buƙatar farfaɗa shi, don ƙara gari dolomite ko lemun tsami mai tsami a ciki;
- mai kyau numfashi da friability;
- haihuwa. Lokacin shirya ƙasa don kowane muraba'in. mita wajibi ne don yin guga na humus. Nan da nan kafin dasa, ana bada shawarar itace ash.
Mahimmanci! Dole ne a yi amfani da takin zamani don abinci mai gina jiki kafin dasa shuki. Kabeji na Beijing yana da ikon tara nitrates, don haka ba a bada shawarar yin amfani da takin mai ma'adinai don narkar da shi ba.
Aikace-aikacen humus yana inganta ingancin murfin ƙasa a shafin
Idan muna magana game da nau'in ƙasa, loam shine mafi dacewa don haɓaka Peking. Lokacin zabar wani shafi, tabbatar da la'akari da tsayin ruwan karkashin kasa. Tare da danshi mai yawa, tushen tsiron zai iya jujjuyawa. Bugu da kari, kasar gona a karkashin rinjayar danshi za a tsananin supercooling ko overheating, wanda yake shi ne wanda ba a ke so don amfanin gona.
Don girma seedlings, ana amfani da ƙasa sako-sako. Za'a iya bayar da fifiko ga kayan kwakwa, wanda aka zaba da kyawawan 'ya'yan kabeji na Beijing. Yana da kyawawa don haɓaka substrate tare da humus a cikin rabo na 2: 1. Don inganta ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki na cakuda da iyaka, ana ƙara gilashin ash a cikin guga na ƙasa.
Abun da yakamata ya hada da kayan kwakwa ya hada da bushe da ragowar kayan kwakwa, wanda zai bayar da cakuda friability, numfashi, yana da tasirin magudanar ruwa
Kula! Ana iya samun ƙasa mai daɗi ta hanyar haɗa ƙasar turf da peat (1: 1). A cakuda zai juya friable da gina jiki.
Lokacin sauka
Don samun ganye mai inganci da shugabannin kabeji na kasar Sin, kuna buƙatar ɗan gajeren hasken rana, saboda haka mafi kyawun lokacin shuka amfanin gona shine farkon bazara (shekaru goma na biyu na Afrilu) da watanni na ƙarshe na bazara. Shuka amfanin gona a lokacin da aka nuna zai taimaka wajen kauce wa babbar matsalar - harbe harbe.
Kabeji na pekin mallakar farkon kayan lambu ne, amma kuma yana da ire-ire tare da farkon (kwanaki 40-55), na matsakaici (kwanaki 55-60) da na ƙarshen (kwanaki 60-80). Lokacin yanke lokacin dasa shuki, ya zama dole yin la'akari da fasalolin zaɓaɓɓen iri da aka zaɓa: an fi son nau'ikan farkon don shuka iri, kuma ƙarshen marigayi don shuka shuka.
Bayani mai amfani! Sabbin nau'ikan kabeji na kasar Sin 'yan kasar Dutch ne ke jurewa harbi.
Don samun farkon girbi, kuna buƙatar zaɓi hanyar seedling na namo. Ana shuka iri na shuka kwanaki 25-30 kafin a sami damar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a buɗe ko a cikin gidan kore, watau a tsakiyar Maris don farkon shugabannin kabeji ko bayan Yuni 15 don girbin kaka a cikin ƙasa. Ga m dasa na seedlings a cikin greenhouse, da shuka da tsaba domin seedlings za a iya shirya ko da a baya - a tsakiyar Fabrairu, sabõda haka, a na biyu rabin Maris shuka seedlings a cikin ƙasa.
Tare da hanyar seedlingless na namo, farkon shuka na tsaba za a iya za'ayi a cikin ƙasa mai-zafi. Don layi na tsakiya, wannan shine ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu, kuma an shirya shuka iri na biyu daga Yuli 20 zuwa 10 ga Agusta.
Bidiyo: akan lokacin dasa kabeji na Beijing
Tsarin iri
Peking kabeji tsaba ba sa bukatar musamman presowing magani. Ana iya dasa su nan da nan a cikin ƙasa. A cikin taron cewa kun kasance shakku kan ingancin tsaba, ana iya bincika su don ƙwaya. Don yin wannan, yada tsaba tsakanin yadudduka na nama mai narkewa, gauze da wuri a cikin wurin dumi. Idan zuriyar tana da inganci, to, bayan kwanaki 3-4 tsiro zai fara bayyana. Irin waɗannan tsaba za'a iya dasa su nan da nan a cikin kwantena.
Kula! Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya gudanar da rigakafin rigakafin cututtukan tsaba. Don yin wannan, ana sa su na mintina 15 a cikin ruwan zafi (+ digiri 48-50), sannan a minti 2 ana sanya su cikin ruwan sanyi. Tsaba don haka bi da ya kamata a bushe kafin dasa.
Lokacin amfani da tsaba na tattara kansu, ya kamata a tsara su a hankali kuma a tsara su
Seeding for seedlings
Lokacin zabar hanyar seedling na namo, dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa kabeji na Beijing ba ya son jigilar kayayyaki, saboda haka, lokacin zabar kwantena, ana ba da shawarar zama a kan tukwane na tukwane ko kaset. Wannan ganga za a iya dasa tare da shuka a cikin ƙasa, don haka guje wa ƙananan lalacewar tsarin tushe, kuma shuka za ta shiga cikin girma da sauri.
Mataki-mataki-na shuka iri domin shuka:
- Aka zaɓa saukowa mai cike da ƙasa.
- A cikin cibiyar, yi karamin ciki wanda daga ƙasa zuwa uku ake saukar da tsaba.
- An yayyafa tsaba tare da cakuda ƙasa daga 0.5 zuwa 1 cm.
A cikin kowane tukunya mai cike da abinci mai gina jiki da ƙasa mai laushi, ana rufe tsaba 2-3
- Samu ruwa.
- An sanya tukwane cikin wuri mai dumin duhu. A karkashin yanayin kyawawan tsaba, seedlings zasu bayyana da sauri - a cikin kwanaki 2-3.
- Bayan fitowar sprouts, dole ne a sanya kwantena cikin haske, mai sanyi (tare da zazzabi kimanin + digiri 10) a cikin gida.
Cabbagean dabbobin na Beijing suna buƙatar haske
- Ana yin ruwa tare da tsaftataccen ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakin ƙasa kamar yadda ƙasa ta bushe.
- Bayan kowace ruwa, dole ne a saki ƙasa a hankali.
- Da zaran ganye na ainihi sun bayyana, a cikin kowane tukunya da suka ja (ja daga ƙasa na iya haifar da rauni ga tsarin babban seedling) tsirrai masu rauni kuma su bar seedling mai ƙarfi.
Lokacin da ganyayyaki na gaske na ainihi 2-3 suka bayyana a cikin tukunya, ɗayan mafi ƙarfi na hagu ya ragu, dole ne a juye sauran
Shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa
Spring shuka na tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa za a iya za'ayi a cikin kudancin yankunan. A cikin tsakiyar yanayin damina, yanayi mai kyau don shuka zai zo ne kawai a watan Mayu, kuma a wannan lokacin lokacin ciyayi zai faɗi a kan rana mai nisa, kuma zai yi wahala a guji harbi na tsirrai. Idan za ta yiwu, hanyar ingantacciyar hanyar shuka ita ce ya fi dacewa a cikin kunkuntar mahaukaci kuma dasa shuki a cikinsu ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Ribbon-ƙaramin ƙarami, wanda ke ba da nisa mai nisa tsakanin kaset (kusan 50 cm) da fadi tsakanin layin (kusan 30 cm). Shuka tsaba ne da za'ayi densely, tun daga baya za a za'ayi thinning.
- Ta hanyar haɗuwa a cikin ramuka waɗanda aka yi a nesa na 25-30 cm daga juna. Ana saukar da tsaba 2-3 cikin kowane rijiya.
Kafin yin shuka, ana bada shawara gauraya tsaba na kabeji na Beijing da yashi, da kuma sanyaya ƙasa a cikin tsagi
An ba da shawarar peking tsaba fiye da 2 cm. Bayan barci, ƙasa na toshe yakamata a goge shi da itacen ash. Wannan ita ce hanya madaidaiciya don kare harbe na gaba daga ƙuruciya ta Cruiferous. Harbi zai bayyana kwanaki 4-7 bayan shuka.
Da zaran an kirkiro takaddun ganye na gaske 1-2 a kansu, za'ayi farkon aikin. Lokacin zabar hanyar kintinkiri-ƙananan yanayin aikin namo, na farko tsakanin tsirrai ya bar kusan 10 cm, kuma lokacin da aka rufe, za a fitar da thinning na biyu kuma tsire-tsire ya ragu a nesa na 25-30 cm daga juna. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ramuka nan da nan bayan bayyanar ganye na gaskiya a cikin kowace rijiya, an bar seedling ɗaya, sauran kuma ana jujjuya su.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙananan tono yana buƙatar jefa bayan ganye na biyu ya girma, yana cire tsire-tsire mafi rauni daga rukunin
Dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe
Za'a iya dasa ganyen kabeji dake fili a duniya tun yana da makonni 3, idan dai har wannan lokacin yan seedlings zasu samu akalla ganye 5 na gaskiya. Kafin dasa, ana bada shawarar seedlings don taurara. Kimanin mako guda kafin dasa shuki, sun fara ɗaukar shi zuwa cikin iska mai tsayi: na farko, na awanni da yawa, a hankali yana ƙara yawan lokaci. Kwanaki 2-3 kafin dasa shuki, an daina shayar da shukar kuma ana shayar da tsire-tsire a lokacin dasawa a cikin kasa.
An shirya rijiyoyin don shuka a nesa na 25-30 cm daga juna, an hadi tare da humus da ash, moistened. Idan ya cancanta, ana cire ganyen a hankali daga kwalin dasa kuma an sanya shi cikin rami domin duk ganyen suna saman ƙasa.
Lingsyan itace na kabeji na Beijing suna da laushi da ƙarko, saboda haka ya kamata a dasa shi a hankali
Bayan dasawa, yana da kyau a rufe withan seedlings tare da fim ko spanbond don:
- kare seedlings daga ƙananan yanayin zafi na dare;
- inuwa daga rana;
- kare tushen daga danshi mai yawa a lokacin damina;
- kare seedlings daga kwari.
Adana gadaje tare da fim ko agrofibre zai haifar da ƙarin kariya ga seedlings daga kwari da bala'in yanayi
Bidiyo: dasa shuki gero na kabeji na Beijing a cikin filin budewa
Siffofin dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa mai kariya
Kayan lambu za su ji daɗi a cikin gidan shinkafa idan za ku iya ƙirƙirar zazzabi mai dadi a kanta (babu sama da digiri +20) da gumi (a cikin yanki na 70-80%) Tsarin dasa shuki ko ofan itacen Peking a cikin takin zamani bai bambanta da tsarin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ba. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne kwanakin saukowa, wanda muka yi magana game da sama.
Kula! Dasa kabeji na Beijing a cikin ƙasa mai kariya zai ba ku damar samun amfanin gona na 'yan makonni kaɗan kafin a buɗe ƙasa.
Bidiyo: shuka shuka na kabeji na kaka a cikin greenhouse
Yadda za a shuka kabeji mai yalwar kasar Sin
Pekin kabeji yana da ƙarfi sosai da zai iya faranta maka amfanin gona ko da daga kututturar sa. Haka kuma, fasahar don samun irin wannan amfanin gona mai sauki ce. Don dasa kututturen kututture, dole ne ku shirya:
- wani akwati mai zurfi wanda kasan babban kabeji na Beijing zai dace;
- gina jiki, sako-sako da ƙasa. Zai iya zama cakuda ƙasa mai turɓaya da peat ko yashi daidai gwargwado;
- tukunya don shuka, wanda a cikin girman zai dan ɗanɗana ƙasan saman kabeji;
- kunshin duhu;
- wuka mai kaifi;
- shugaban kabeji na Beijing da kansa.
Don girma ganye na ganyayyaki kore, ƙasan kusan kowane shugaban kabeji na Beijing ya dace
Kula! Bai kamata a sami alamun cutar a kan shugaban da aka zaɓa na Beijing ba: tabo, tatsuniyoyi, da sauran alamun alamun lalata nan gaba.
Tsarin saukar da ƙasa ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- Rarrabe kasan kabeji. Yankin da aka sare yakamata ya zama akalla cm 6. Wannan shine kayan farawa don haɓaka ganye da kuma shugabannin kabeji nan gaba.
- Mun cika tanki da ruwa kuma muka sanya ƙananan sashin itacen da ke ciki.
Sai kawai kasan kututturen ya kamata a nutsar da ruwa
- Muna sanya jirgin ruwa a cikin dakin sanyi. Babban zazzabi zai hana kututture kututture. Mafi kyawun wurin shine windowsill na gefen arewa ko baranda mai rufewa, idan ta kula da zazzabi mai kyau.
A cikin kawai kwana ɗaya ko biyu, Tushen zai bayyana a ƙarshen gindin ƙasa, sauran ganye masu ganye. Ana iya jan su kusan nan da nan kuma a ci abinci.
Mahimmanci! Itatuwar kututturen da aka dasa shi da sauri yana sakin kiban fure. Dole ne a cire shi. Idan ka ba shi damar haɓaka, to, ganye zai zama ya zama mai wahala da mara amfani.
Don girma ganye, kututturen za'a iya barin cikin akwati na ruwa. Idan kana son girma shugaban kabeji, to, kasan tare da tushen da aka bayyana an dasa shi a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa. Yi wannan a hankali, saboda tushen kabeji na Beijing yana da taushi da toshiya. Saboda haka, kututture tare da Tushen an fara sanya shi a cikin tanki, sannan kuma yayyafa shi da ƙasa don kawai Tushen ya rufe ƙasa, kuma dukkan ɓangarorin ɓangaren kututture yana saman ƙasa.
Kimanin mako guda bayan haka, bayan bayyanar isasshen tushen, ana iya dasa ƙwayar a cakuda cakuda ƙasa
Kula! Lokacin da aka girma a cikin tukunya, koyaushe ba zai yiwu a sami sakamako mai kyau ba. Mafi yawan garanti na samun kai ana bayarwa ta hanyar dasawa da kututture cikin ƙasa.
Don wani lokaci, shuka da aka dasa ba a shayar da shi ba kuma ana sake fara ruwa bayan ya fara fitar da sabon ganyen ganye. Bishiyar girma tana iya rage awoyi a hankali. Don wannan, ana bada shawara don rufe shuka tare da jakar duhu na sa'o'i 12-13 a rana.
Mahimmanci! Ba da ɗan gajeren sa'o'i na hasken rana da lura da yanayin zafin jiki (ba ya fi digiri +18 ba) bayan kwanaki 40-45, kuna iya samun shugaban kabeji na Beijing. Zai yiwu ba zai zama mai yawa sosai ba, amma ta nauyi yana iya kaiwa 1 kg.
Kuna iya dasa kabeji na Beijing daga kututture tare da nufin samun tsaba. Don wannan, kibiya furen da shuka zata saki ba ta karye ba, amma an yarda ya yi girma. Bayan wani lokaci, zai yiwu a tattara tsaba kuma a yi amfani da su don dasa a gonar.
Tsaba za'a iya barin ya yi balaga sannan a sa shi a ƙasa a buɗe ko a cikin greenhouse.
Bidiyo: kabejin kasar Sin da ke girma daga dunƙule akan windowsill
Pekin dacewa kabeji da wasu kayan amfanin gona
Gardenerswararrun lambu sun san cewa tare da narkar da dindindin ko saurin dawo da kayan amfanin gona zuwa wani tsohon wuri, ƙasa ta yanke, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari suka tara a ciki. Sabili da haka, lokacin dasa shuki duk kayan lambu, gami da kabeji na Beijing, yana da mahimmanci a bi ka'idodin juyar da amfanin gona da la'akari da magabata na kwarai don amfanin gona. Don Beijing, suna kan gado, kayan lebur, hatsi, karas. Ba'a ba da shawarar shuka amfanin gona ba bayan kowane irin bishiya, gwoza da tumatir.
Lokacin dasa shuki kabeji na Beijing, yana da amfani idan akayi la'akari da kusancin amfanin gona. Kusa da wannan kayan lambu kowane irin salads, albasa, sage lambu za su ji daɗi. M Mahimmanci shi ne hadin gwiwa plantings na kabeji da Dill. Ana iya amfani da na ƙarshen azaman sealant don shuka ciyawar kabeji. Dangane da sake dubawa, yana inganta ɗanɗano da kabeji.
Dill babban makwabci ne ga kabeji na Beijing
Bayani mai amfani! Hadin gwiwa na dasa kabeji na Beijing da dankali ma suna da tasirin gaske a kan amfanin gona da ingancin kayan lambu.
Kyakyawan kabejin Beijing a bayyane yake: ba shi da wahalar shuka da bunƙasa ta, cikin sauri yana haɓaka taro kuma yana hayayyafa. Don haka zabi iri-iri, kuma sai kabejin ya kasance yalwatacce, da kuma tsarin dasa shuki da sanin yakamata!
