Abin farin kabeji mai laushi daga tsaba: mai sauƙi da sauri!

Farin kabeji shine sanannen kayan lambu mai santsi wanda za'a iya girma a cikin yanayin greenhouse da shuka shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Ko da kuwa hanyar da aka zaɓa, ɗayan mahimman abubuwan nasara a cikin namo wannan nau'in kabeji shine shirye-shiryen da suka dace na tsaba da shuka. Bin shawarwarin mataki-mataki-mataki, farin kabeji ba zai zama mai wahala ba har ma da wani mai aikin lambu novice.

Zabi da kuma shirye-shiryen da gadaje domin farin kabeji

Ya kamata a ɗauka zaɓi na shafin da kuma shirye-shiryen gadaje don dasa shuki da farin kabeji a kaka. Don wannan nau'in al'adun gicciye, an zaɓi rana da dumama a cikin lambu, tunda yawancin adadin ganye za su yi girma a cikin inuwa, kuma ovary kamar wannan ba zai haifar ba.

Enseaci mai nauyi, mai nauyi, da yumɓu masu yumɓu tare da yawan acidity basu dace da farin kabeji ba. Matsakaicin matakin pH don al'ada shine 6.5-7.5. Zaka iya bincika acidity tare da na'urar musamman ko kayan saiti. Idan ƙasa ta acidic ce, to sai a ƙara lemun tsami ko garin dolomite don ƙwarƙwararwa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da lemun tsami a cikin adadin 250-600 g a 1 m² (dangane da matakin acidity).

A kan kasa na acidic, kabeji ya fi saurin kamuwa da cuta kamar keel.

Don yadda yakamata shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki a cikin fure, kuna buƙatar sanin asalinta

Baya ga daidaita acidity na kasar gona, sun mai da hankali ga hadi, godiya ga wanda ya yuwu a inganta abubuwan da ke cikin kasar. Duk nau'in kabeji suna ƙaunar kwayoyin halitta da kuma farin kabeji ba togiya. Sabili da haka, yayin shirye-shiryen gadaje, an gabatar da humus ko takin. Yawan taki ya dogara da yanayin ƙasa, nau'inta da takin gargajiya. Don tabbatar da ruwa na yau da kullun da musayar iska, ƙara 1-3 buckets na kwayoyin ta 1 m².

Farin kabeji yana ba da amsa ga takin gargajiya, don haka lokacin shirya shafin yin takin ko humus

Matasa harbe na farin kabeji suna da hankali sosai ga rashin kayan abinci na yau da kullun (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). Sabili da haka, a cikin kaka, tare da kwayoyin halitta, ƙasa na iya cika da nitrophos (2 tablespoons a kowace 1 m²), kuma a cikin bazara kafin dasa, sa Kemira (60-70 g a 1 m²).

Kada ku yi gadaje da yawa sosai don amfanin gona, saboda wannan na iya haifar da wuce haddi na danshi, amma a lokaci guda, saboda gadaje da ke kunkuntar, na iya zama isasshen. Matsakaicin nisa shine 1 m.

Tsarin iri

Don haɓaka germination da iri iri, dole ne a sarrafa su kafin shuka. Don yin wannan, aiwatar da jerin matakai, waɗanda muke rayuwa akan su daki daki.

Sifantawa

Da farko dai, an shuka zuriyar: ana sanya tsaba a cikin ruwan gishiri (3%) kuma a matse shi na kimanin mintuna 5. Sakamakon haka, hatsi masu laushi suna zama a farfajiya, yayin da hatsi masu nauyi suka nutse a ƙasan. Kawai yanzunan tsaba kuma sun dace da shuka.

Don zaɓar tsararren tsaba don dasawa, ya zama dole don daidaita a cikin salim na 3%

Bayan mafita, ana wanke tsaba a cikin ruwa kuma an bushe kadan don hana lokacin shuka.

Ana bada shawarar barin manyan tsaba kawai don dasa shuki, amma za'a iya amfani da matsakaici.

Gwajin Germination

Don tantance yadda za'a yi amfani da iri mai kyau, ya zama dole a yi gwajin ƙwaya:

1. An sanya tsaba a cikin zane mai bushe (gauze) a cikin adadin 100, wanda ya sa ya fi sauƙi a lissafta yawan germination.
2. Germination yana faruwa a zazzabi na + 20-25 ˚С. A lokaci guda, suna bincika kullun cewa masana'anta suna da ruwa.
3. Ana bincika tsaba a kullun, an ƙidaya filayen kuma an cire su.

Wadancan tsaba da suka tsiro a cikin kwanakin farko na farko sun ƙayyade ƙarfin kumburi da yadda germinating da seedlings zai kasance. Tsaba suka girma a cikin mako suna nuna germination gaba ɗaya.

Don ƙayyade germination na tsaba, suna farko soaked, sa'an nan kuma germinated

Rashin kamuwa da cuta

A mataki na gaba, an shirya tsaba masu kabeji don shuka. Don hana haɓakar haɓakar fungal da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana kula da kayan iri a cikin maganin 1-2% na potassiumgangan na minti 20, sannan a wanke cikin ruwa mai tsabta.

Duk da gaskiyar cewa disinfection ta wannan hanyar shine mafi yawan gama gari, ana iya samun sakamako mafi kyau tare da magani mai zafi. A wannan yanayin, an sanya zuriyar cikin jaka ko jakar nama kuma a sanya shi cikin ruwa tare da zazzabi na + 48-50 ° C na mintina 20. Ba a ƙimar kimar zazzabi da aka nuna, tunda ƙwayayen zasu rasa ƙarfin tsiron su, kuma a ƙananan ƙarancin irin wannan jiyya ba za a sami sakamako ba.

Don magance ƙwayoyin farin kabeji, ana bi da su a cikin mafita na manganese

Saukar hanzari

Don hanzarta germination na tsaba daga cikin al'adun da ke cikin tambaya, suna narke cikin ruwa a zazzabi a dakin kuma sanya shi cikin zafi, inda suke don 12 hours. A lokaci guda, ana canza ruwa kowane awa 4. Matakin ruwan yakamata ya zama irin da tsararran ba sa iyo ruwa, amma kawai a rufe shi. Babban burin aikin shine sanya tsaba suyi. Idan za a yi shuka ne daga baya, to, su, a nannade cikin zane mai bushe, an sanya su cikin firiji akan ƙananan shiryayye.

Don hanzarta germination, an shuka tsaba har sai kumburi, sannan a sanya shi cikin firiji

Yana da na kowa ne jiƙa da tsaba a cikin jiko na itace ash, don shiri wanda 2 tablespoons na ash an zuba cikin 1 lita na ruwa mai dumi kuma nace a rana, da kuma tace kafin amfani. An sanya tsaba a cikin irin wannan maganin mai gina jiki na tsawon awanni 3, bayan haka an wanke su cikin ruwa mai tsabta.

Irin hardening

Mataki na ƙarshe na shirye-shiryen iri don shuka shine mai taurara. Bayan soaking, an sanya iri a kasan shiryayyen firiji na kwana daya. Zazzabi ya kamata + 1-2 ˚С. Wannan yana ba ku damar ƙara tsayayya da tsirrai zuwa ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun tsiro. A ƙarshen hardening, tsaba suna dan kadan bushe, sannan ci gaba da shuka.

Bidiyo: shirya tsaba na kabeji don shuka

Yadda ake samun Tsirrai

Idan kayi girma farin kabeji akan rukunin yanar gizon ka a kowace shekara, to saidai siyan iri ne ba tilas bane, saboda zaka girbe su da kanka. Namorar da kabeji domin samun kayan tsiro ya bambanta da irin narkarwar al'ada. Ku ciyar da ita ta wannan hanyar:

1. Daga tsire-tsire da aka shuka tare da tsaba ko seedlings, mafi kyawun zaɓi an zaɓi: ana kiran su giya uwa.
2. An zaɓi filayen da ke cike da takin gargajiya, sassauta, ruwa, da dunƙule.
3. Don hanzarta tsarin furanni, ganyayyaki ba su ɗagewa kuma an ɗora su a cikin wannan matsayi wanda zai samar da mafi kyawun haske ga inflorescences.
4. Lokacin da shugaban kabeji ya zama ƙasa da yawa, cire ɓangaren tsakiya kuma bar barin ingantattun gefen gefen harbe. Yawan su kada su fi biyar.
5. Sannan an yayyafa sashen da ash, wanda hakan zai hana yin juyi.
6. Bayan kimanin wata guda, tsire-tsire na mahaifa sun juya zuwa gwaje-gwaje, wato, lokacin da al'adun ke yin fure sosai. A wannan lokaci, ana shayar da kabeji sosai.
7. A lokacin bayyanar furannin farko, an ciyar da su da superphosphate kuma ana yin tuddai.
8. A ƙarshen furanni, an harba firan a cikin harbe don samar da mafi kyawun zuriya.
9. Don hanzarta hanzari, an yanke tushen tsire-tsire tare da shebur ko ɗan ƙaramin fitila, ƙwanƙwasa a kan shuka kanta, saboda ƙananan Tushen ya fasa.
10. A wannan lokaci, shawo gaba daya tasha.
11. Tsaba suna girbe ne bayan sun gama, wanda za'a iya yanke hukunci da ganyayyaki masu rawaya mai tushe da mai tushe, har da bushewar furanni. Don yin wannan, an yanke su tare da duka rassan, suna sanya fim a ƙarƙashin tsire-tsire.

Bayan fure, farin kabeji yana fitar da tsaba waɗanda aka girbe bayan sun gama toho.

Dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa

Babban hanyar yin farin kabeji shine seedling, amma za'a iya samun al'adar ta shuka shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi da yawa, tun da tsire-tsire sun fi tsayayya wa bushewa da yanayin zafi saboda samuwar tushe mai ƙarfi. (Lokacin da dasa shuki, tushen tsarin ya kasance kaɗan, amma har yanzu ya lalace.) Bugu da ƙari, lokacin shuka shuka kabeji kai tsaye zuwa shafin kuma akan lokaci, haɓakawa na faruwa ba tare da wani jinkiri ba. Don dasa shuki ta iri, dole ne a bi wasu ka'idodi kuma a bi shawarwarin.

Yaushe shuka shuka farin kabeji: sharuddan

Lokacin dasa shuki na farin kabeji a cikin ƙasa mara kariya, ya dogara da yanki na namo da ire-irensu (daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa farkon Mayu), da kuma yanayin yanayi. Al'adun da aka yi la'akari da su, ya bambanta da nau'ikan da ke kan gaba, ba shi da tsayayya da sanyi. Tsaba kyankyasai a zazzabi na + 6 ° C, kuma yanayi mai zafi, zazzage shuki cikin sauri.

Ko da a farkon Yuni akwai yiwuwar dawo da daskararru, sabili da haka, bayan shuka tsaba, an rufe gado da fim.

Tsarin ƙasa

Farin kabeji ya fi dacewa a cikin tsari, saboda abin da tsire-tsire za su sami isasshen adadin haske da abinci mai gina jiki. Matsayi na 'yan uwan ​​juna da juna kai tsaye ya dogara da nau'in da aka yi amfani da su. Idan an kafa shugabannin kananan kabeji a farkon kabeji da tsire-tsire za a iya shirya su bisa ga tsarin 40 × 50 cm, sannan ga nau'ikan daga baya tare da manyan kawuna - 60 × 70 cm.

A lokacin da dasa shuki farin kabeji na farko iri, sai su koma 40 × 50 cm juna, domin marigayi iri - 60 × 70 cm

Shuka tsaba

Shuka ƙwayar farin kabeji ana yin ta a jerin masu zuwa:

1. A cikin yankin da aka shirya, an sanya tsagi zuwa zurfin of 1 cm tare da nisan 40 cm daga juna.
   

   A kan wani shiri da aka shirya a gaba, an sanya tsintsiya tsintsiya madaurinki zuwa zurfin 1 cm tare da nisan 40 cm daga juna

2. Zube ƙasa da ruwa mai ɗumi.
   

   Kafin shuka ƙwayar farin kabeji, an zubar da ƙasa da ruwa mai ɗumi

3. An shirya kayan da aka shirya tare da tazara tsakanin 5 cm, bayan wannan an rufe shi da ƙasa kuma an ɗan haɗa shi da ɗan kadan.
   

   An shuka tsaba da farin kabeji tare da tazara na 5 cm, sannan a yayyafa shi da ƙasa kuma an ɗaura nauyi

4. Don dalilai na kariya, ana amfani da fim, wanda aka zana saman gado tare da taimakon tsarin arcs.
   

   Don kare albarkatun farin kabeji daga dawowar sanyi, an sanya firam kuma an jawo fim

Ana iya shuka iri a cikin ramuka daban. Don yin wannan, ana sanya tsaba 2-3 a cikin kowane rami daidai da tsarin shuka. Bayan haɓakar seedlings, har zuwa ganye na ainihi 3-4 zuwa barin mafi ƙarfi, kuma an datse sauran.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki a kabeji a ƙasa buɗe a kan misalin fararen kabeji

Dasa tsaba a cikin greenhouse

Don namo farin kabeji a cikin yanayin greenhouse, an shirya ƙasa daidai kamar yadda aka buɗe ƙasa, i.e., an haɗa kwayoyin halitta da abubuwan ma'adinai, ana amfani da acidity a cikin lissafi, kuma ana lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona. A cikin ƙasa mai rufewa, ana shuka ƙwayar farin kabeji na fari da tsakiyar tsakiyar nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, saboda ƙasa a cikin gidan shinkafa da takin mai-girma yana da sauri sosai. Zazzabi a cikin dakin kada ya zama ƙasa da + 15-18 ˚С.

Shuka tattalin tsaba an yi zuwa zurfin ba fiye da 5 mm. Tare da shigar da zurfi, seedlings zai bayyana da yawa daga baya. Bayan dasawa, an ciyara ƙasa da busassun yashi kuma ana shayar da shi da ruwa mai ɗumi. Bayan kwanaki 10, ana kwashe tsawon shekaru. Lokacin dasawa da tsire-tsire, suna yin ramuka bisa ga makircin 70 × 30 cm. Fularancin humus, itacen ash da hadaddun takin gona (alal misali, Kemira) an gabatar da su a cikin rami na dasa shuki.

Yana da sauƙi a shuka farin kabeji a cikin greenhouse fiye da a cikin ƙasa buɗe, saboda zaka iya ƙirƙira da kuma kula da yanayi mai kyau na tsirrai.

Ya fi dacewa a shuka farin kabeji a cikin rufaffiyar ƙasa fiye da abin da ba shi da kariya, saboda yana da sauƙi ga tsire-tsire don ƙirƙirar yanayin zama dole

Suna ci gaba da ba da kulawa da ake buƙata don wannan amfanin gona. Babban abu shine lura da yawan zafin jiki na iska, wanda bai kamata ya wuce + 16-18 ° C ba, da kuma gumi - a tsakanin kashi 70-80. Idan waɗannan yanayin ba a cika su ba, shugaban kabeji zai zama sako-sako kuma ya fara murƙushe.

Siffofi da kuma lokacin dasa shuki cikin fure a yankuna daban-daban

Za a iya yin fure a cikin yankuna daban-daban na Rasha, amma ya zama dole a yi la’akari da yanayin yanayin kowannensu kuma a fahimci cewa shuka iri a cikin ƙasa ya fi dacewa da yankuna na kudancin ƙasar. Idan muna la'akari da kewayen birni a matsayin misali, a nan zafi ya zo a farkon Mayu, kuma a Siberiya da Urals ya kamata a sa tsammani ba da 10 ga Yuni 10 ba. Saboda haka, lokacin shuka shine ya dogara da wannan. A Siberiya, farin kabeji yana girma ne kawai a farkon nau'ikan, tunda wasu kawai ba su da lokacin zuwa ripen kafin sanyi, kuma ta hanyar seedlings kawai. Amma game da lokacin dasa shuki na shuka bishiyoyi a Siber da Urals, sun faɗi a Afrilu 10-15.

Bidiyo: sharuddan dasa shuki a cikin Siber da Urals

Daga nau'ikan da suka dace ana iya bambanta su:

• Baldo,
• Opal
• Movir-74,
• Duniyar kankara.

Hoton hoto: nau'in farin kabeji na Siberiya da Urals

Ulan itace daban-daban na farin kabeji na yankin Moscow da tsakiyar Rasha yakamata su iya tsayayya da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki da zafi, zama mara nauyi zuwa haske da zafi, haka kuma ba za a iya wuce ƙarshen tsakiyar Oktoba ba. Za'a iya shuka farin kabeji tare da tsaba a cikin waɗannan yankuna daga tsakiyar Maris (a cikin greenhouse) har zuwa tsakiyar Mayu (a cikin ƙasa) tare da yawan kwanakin 10-20. Don namo, ire-iren waɗannan sun dace kamar:

• Farkowa,
• Gribovskaya da wuri
• Garanti

Hotunan Hoto: arianannunnun ulan Fulawa na Yankin Moscow

A cikin Kudancin ƙasar (Yankin Rostov, Krasnodar Territory), dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe yana yiwuwa a farkon Maris. Tun da farin kabeji baya son zafi mai zafi, bayan fitowar seedlings ana rufta dasu, daga baya ana shayar da yawa kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa. Iri dake dacewa sune:

• Adler hunturu 679,
• Adler bazara,
• Sochi.

Hoton hoto: nau'in farin kabeji na kudu na Rasha

Amfani da farin kabeji tare da wasu albarkatu lokacin da aka dasa su

Don farin kabeji akan shafin jin dadi, ya kamata ku bi shawarwarin akan karfin wannan al'adar tare da sauran tsirrai na lambu. Mafi yawan maƙwabta waɗanda aka fi dacewa da farin kabeji sune:

• wake
• beets
• seleri
• cucumbers
• sage
• thyme.

Amma ƙauyen tare da tsire-tsire masu zuwa zai fi kyau a guji:

• broccoli
• kabeji
• strawberries
• Tumatir

Don kare kabeji daga kwari, a cikin kusancin lambun za ku iya shuka irin tsire-tsire masu ƙanshi kamar marigolds, marigolds, wormwood, Mint, da chamomile. Dasa dill kusa da kabeji zai cutar da dandanorsa sosai.

Marigolds ba kawai zai yi ado da gado na farin kabeji ba, har ma ya tsoratar da kwari

Ba shi yiwuwa a shuka farin kabeji tare da tsaba a cikin lambu a duk yankuna na ƙasarmu. Amma idan kun zaɓi nau'ikan da suka dace, yin la'akari da kwanakin rararwa, yin la’akari da fasali kuma ku lura da fasahar aikin gona na girbin amfanin gona, zaku iya samun ingantaccen kayan lambu na kayan lambu.