Mulberry, ko Mulberry (Latin Morus) itace ce mai tsayi tare da furanni masu zaki waɗanda suke kama da blackberries, baƙi, fari ko ruwan hoda. An dauki tsawon lokaci ana daukar wannan shuka ta al'adun kudanci na musamman, amma godiya ga kokarin 'yan lambu da masu shayarwa, yankin da yake yaduwa ya fadada sosai. Shin zai yiwu a cimma nasara a cikin ciyawar ciyawa a tsakiyar Rasha kuma waɗanne irin suka fi kyau don zaɓar dasa?
Shin zai yuwu a shuka ciyawa a tsakiyar Rasha?
Mulberry shine tsire-tsire na thermophilic. A yanayi, yana girma a yankuna masu yanayin can, inda ake amfani da shi sosai don kiwo da silkworms, daga wanda koko yake samar da siliki na halitta.
A cikin ƙasarmu, ana shuka mulmulawan mulmula a koyaushe saboda karɓar 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi. Abubuwa biyu na wannan shuka sun shahara musamman:
- black mulberry (Mórus hadgra),
- farin ciyawa (Mórus álba).
Gardenerswararrun lambu don namo a tsakiyar Rasha suna ba da shawarar fararen ciyawa. Ba kamar baƙar fata ba, wanda sau da yawa yakan mutu a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa -15 ° C, yana iya jure dusar ƙanƙan ƙasa har zuwa -30 ° C ba tare da lahani mai girma ga kambi da tsarin tushen ba.
Fararen ciyawa masu launin fari a tsakiyar Rasha
Eterayyade nau'in itacen ciyawa abu ne mai sauƙi. Babban fasalin fasalin farin ciyawa sune launin launin toka mai haske na haushi da ovate-nuna ko dissected-lobed ganye na matsakaici. A wannan yanayin, launin berries na nau'ikan daban-daban na iya zama fari ko ruwan hoda, kuma kusan baki.
Amma ko da adalci hunturu-Hardy farin Mulberry ba ya jin dadi sosai a cikin yanayin sanyi. Don haka, a cikin yankuna na Kudancin kasarmu, tsayin bishiyar manya yawanci kusan mita 15 ne, kuma a tsakiyar layi babu ƙarancin girma sama da mita 4 kuma yana da siffar daji.
Bidiyo: gwaninta na yin girma mulberries a tsakiyar Rasha
Siffofin fasahar aikin gona
A wajen kudu, ciyawa tana daya daga cikin kayan amfanin gona mara misalwa. Amma masu lambu na tsiri na tsakiya zasuyi ƙoƙari da yawa don samun girbi mai kyau. Musamman mai yawa da hankali ake bukata ga matasa shuke-shuke da tushen ci gaba tsarin.
Shuka dasa
Shuka bishiyoyi masu dasa bishiyoyi shine yawanci ana yin shi a lokacin bazara ko kaka. A cikin yanayin tsakiyar Rasha, ana daukar dasa shuki mafi kyau, wanda aka yi kafin farkon fara aiki mai gudana. A cikin bazara, shuka yana sarrafa girma tsarin tsarin kuma ya dace da yanayin bude ƙasa, wanda zai ba ka damar tsira lokacin hunturu ba tare da asara mai yawa ba.
Lokacin zabar wani wuri don itacen bishi, dole a lura da yanayi masu zuwa:
- kyakkyawan haske;
- kariya daga iska mai karfi;
- nesa daga shuka da aka dasa zuwa bishiyoyi mafi kusa ko gine-ginen kada su zama ƙasa da mita 3;
- haske loamy, yashi ko ƙasa mai yashi.
Lokacin da aka dasa shuki mulberries, an zaɓi rana da wuraren shinge akan wurin
Don dasa shuki mulberries, wajibi ne don shirya a gaba rami tare da zurfin aƙalla 70 cm da diamita iri ɗaya. Yana da kyau a sanya magudanar ruwa daga yumbu mai kauri ko wasu kananan duwatsu a gindinsa. Gaskiya ne lokacin da dasa shuki a cikin yumɓu mai nauyi wanda zai iya tsoratar da tushen lalacewa saboda turɓayar danshi. Game da uku na ramin yana cike da humus ko takin rotted. Idan ana so, zaka iya ƙara game da 50 g na kowane hadadden taki gauraye da ƙasa.
Yayin dasa shuki, an sanya matashin shuka a cikin rami, a hankali yada tushen a duk yankin sa, kuma a hankali yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Sannan a zuba lita 20-30 na ruwa a cikin da'irar akwati kuma a mulmula shi sosai don gujewa bushewa ƙasa.
Bidiyo: dabarun dasa bishiyar bishiyoyi
Yawancin nau'ikan ciyawa suna tsire-tsire masu dioecious, sabili da haka, don cin nasara a kan shafin yanar gizon kana buƙatar akalla bishiyoyi biyu - namiji da mace. Eterayyade jima'i da shuka ta furanninta:
- a cikin samfuran mace, ana tattara su cikin ƙyalli-dimbin yawa-sanannun inflorescences suna da ƙira mai kamannin-siffar;
- a cikin maza, da inflorescences ne mafi sako-sako da kuma suna da drooping kara.
Don bambanta namiji mulberry daga mace mace mai yiwuwa ne kawai bayan farkon fure
Kulawa
Mulberry tsire-tsire ne mai saurin-fari wanda ba ya haƙuri da ƙima sosai. Yawancin lokaci kawai matasa tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙarin watering. Musamman m da lokacin bazaar mai zafi za a iya shayar da itaciyar itace. Ya kamata a tuna cewa 15-20 lita na ruwa a mako daya sun isa mulberries.
Abubuwan gina jiki da ke cikin ƙasa mai ƙoshin da ya cika ramin dasawa sun isa shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Bayan karewar wannan lokacin, don samun girbi mai kyau, ana ciyar da mulberries. Ana aiwatar da takin ƙasa a matakai biyu:
- Kafin ganyen ya girma, kimanin kilo 50 na hadadden ma'adinan ma'adinan (Nitroamofoska, Azotofoska da sauransu) ya watse a farfajiyar akwati.
- A lokacin tumatir, ana ciyar da mulberries tare da Organic, alal misali, jiko na tsuntsu wanda aka tsinkaye (1:18) ko dabbar shanu (1: 8).
Lokacin ciyarwa, kuna buƙatar tuna cewa ciyawa, girma a cikin ƙasa mai yawan ciyawa, sau da yawa yana samun babban taro na kore kuma ya ƙi ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace. Haɓakar nitrogen musamman cutarwa ga wannan shuka.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin kula da mulberry shine shirya itacen don hunturu. Yana farawa kafin sanyi. Tuni a cikin rabi na biyu na bazara, shuka ba ya shayar. Wannan ya zama dole domin koren kore ya girma kafin farkon yanayin sanyi.
A watan Satumba Oktoba-, da ciyawa itace ganga da'irar yana kwance da kyau kuma an rufe shi da wani yanki na ciyawa. Tsarin kafinta ya zama aƙalla 15 cm a gefuna kuma 30 cm a akwatin itacen. Zai fi kyau rufe kananan bishiyoyi gaba ɗaya tare da kayan da ba a saka ba ko wata masana'anta da ke ba da izinin iska ta ratsa ta kyau.
Ciyawa yana kare tushen ciyawa daga tsananin sanyi
Kirkirar kafa
A cikin tsakiyar Rasha, ana shuka mulberries yawanci a cikin nau'i na daji tare da tsayinsa ba ƙasa da mita 3. Don ƙirƙirar kambi na wannan nau'in a cikin shuka wanda ya kai shekaru uku zuwa huɗu, mafi yawan harbe an yanke, yana barin kawai 8-10 na mafi haɓaka. Bayan haka, kowace shekara, ana yanke rassan 2-3 har zuwa ƙarshen girma kuma waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu. A sakamakon haka, an kafa rassa 3-4 na tsari na biyu da kuma kusan 10 na uku a kan kowane tsinken kwarangwal. Bayan shekaru da yawa na irin wannan pruning, da lambu samun kyakkyawan Mulberry daji, da kambi na abin da ba ka damar sauƙi tattara amfanin gona.
Bidiyo: yadda za'a datsa mulberries
Bayan an kafa kambi, ana yin tsabtace tsabtace tsabta, yana sauƙaƙar da ciyawa daga bushe, bushe ko harbe mai lalacewa. Yawancin lokaci ana aiwatar dashi a cikin bazara, kafin farkon kwararar ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ko a fall - kai tsaye bayan fitowar ganye.
Bugu da kari, sau daya a kowace shekara ta 10-15, ciyawa tana buƙatar girke girbi. A lokacin, ana rage dukkanin harbe da kashi na uku, kuma ana cire rassan kwarangwal da dama gaba daya, tare da maye.
Don guje wa kamuwa da cuta na ciyawa tare da kwayar cuta da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta, duk kayan aikin da ake yin kwalliyar girki dole ne a tsaftace a hankali.
Mafi kyawun iri
A halin yanzu, masu shayarwa sun danganta iri iri na mulmula, suna iya jure yanayin sauƙin yanayin yankin tsakiyar ƙasarmu. Yawancinsu ba su da ƙanƙan da dangin danginsu na kudu ko dai a dandano ko yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Admiral
Admiralskaya shine kadai ciyawar baƙar fata da aka ba da shawara ta Hukumar Hukumar Kula da Gwaji da Kariya na Ayyukan Ciyarwa don haɓaka tsakiyar layi. An karbe shi a Kwalejin Noma ta K.A. Timiryazev Moscow. Itace mai tsayi, mai yaduwa tare da baƙar fata mai launin fata waɗanda ke da dandano mai daɗi da ƙamshi mai daɗi.
Mulberries na Admiral iri-iri suna nauyin giram 1.5
Admiralskaya ya bambanta da sauran irin baƙar fata na blackberry a cikin tsananin hunturu. Bugu da kari, yana jure wa fari da matsanancin zafi sosai, kuma kusan ba ya cutar da cututtuka da kwari. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa na tsohuwar shuka a cikin yanayin tsakiyar Rasha kusan 5 kilogiram.
Yarinya mai launin fata
Smuglyanka, kamar sauran nau'ikan iri da aka girma a tsakiyar Rasha, nau'in Botanical farin fari ne. Saboda kyakkyawan yanayin hunturu da kuma ikon da za a maido da harbe-mai lalace mai sanyi, ya shahara sosai a tsakanin lambu a tsakiyar Rasha.
Mulberry Smuglyanka yana da kyawawan 'ya'yan itace a cikin tsakiyar Rasha
Berries na Smuglyanka baƙaƙe ne, suna da kyakkyawan dandano mai ɗanɗano. Wannan iri-iri yana da cikakken yawan amfanin ƙasa. Daga wani reshe na bishiyar girma, har zuwa 500 g 'ya'yan itatuwa an girbe.
A tsakiyar Rasha, 'ya'yan itãcen Smuglyanka fara ripen a rabin na biyu na Yuni. Duk da yawan shaye-shayensu, suna jure yanayin sufuri kuma za'a iya adana shi na awanni 18 daga ranar tara.
Wani fa'ida da amfani ga iri-iri ita ce riƙon ta. Sakamakon wannan ingancin, koda bishiya ɗaya tak zata fitar da girbi mai yawa.
Sarauniya
Royal - daya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan bishiyoyi. Tare da itacen girmi shekaru 7, zaku iya tattarawa game da kilogiram 10 na fari-mai launin kore. Suna da dandano mai kyau da dandano dabam.
Mulki na sarauta yana jure sanyi har zuwa -30 ° C. Hakanan yana da tsayayyen yanayi mai tsauraran yanayi kamar matsanancin zafi, ƙarancin danshi da ƙarancin ƙasa.
Farin zuma
Mulberry iri-iri tare da fararen berries tare da dandano mai dadi ba tare da ƙanshin da aka faɗi ba. Sun kai 3 cm tsayi kuma 1 cm a diamita. A tsakiyar layi, lokacin fruiting na ciyawa na White zuma yakan zama a ƙarshen Yuni ko farkon Yuli.
Berriesan itacen da ke yawan ruwan 'ya'yan itace White White sun fi' ya'yan itaciyar yawancin irin waɗannan ciyawa
Daga cikin hasara na wannan iri-iri, lambu lura da na bakin ciki sosai 'ya'yan itacen, saboda abin da sufuri ba shi yiwuwa. Dole ne a sarrafa tumbin da aka girbe a cikin awanni 5-6.
A lokacin gwajin kiwo, iri-iri na zuma zuma sun nuna tsananin tsananin sanyi. Ya sauƙaƙe jure sanyi har ƙasa zuwa -30 ° C koda ba tare da ƙarin tsari ba.
Staromoskovskaya
Staromoskovskaya yana ɗayan varietiesan bishiyoyi da ke da furanni namiji da mace a kan shuka iri ɗaya. Daga cikin sauran fa'idodin:
- kyakkyawan ƙanshi mai daɗi da ɗanɗano, daɗin daɗin ƙamshi na 'ya'yan itatuwa,
- mai kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa
- high hunturu hardiness
- undemanding ga abun da ke ciki na kasar gona.
Mulberries na Staromoskovskaya iri-iri ana fentin baƙi
Reviews: lambu tsakiyar tsiri game da ciyawa
Ina zaune a Moscow. My ciyawa kusan shekara 50 da haihuwa, a kowace shekara yalwata 'ya'yan itace, af, game da frosts, shi jure 40 digiri sauƙi.
sergey0708//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12586/
Na kasance ina girma mulberry na shekaru 5. Kawo daga kudu. A can ta girma daga zuriya. A lokacin saukowa ya kasance cm 50. Yanzu 2.5m. Shin, ba ya kai 'ya'yan itace. Manyan rassan sun kasance suna daskare sosai. Yanzu kasa. Ina sa zuciya ga girbi kowace shekara. Cottage a arewa maso yamma kusa da Volokolamsk.
a55//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12586/page-2
Ina da fararen ciyayi, na dauko shi daga Funtikov shekaru 4 da suka gabata. Yanzu ya kai tsawan mita 1.7. Kawai ƙarshen rassan, santimita 12-15 na sanyi a wannan shekara. Belowasan ƙasa akwai rayayyun fararen halittu, da kuma ƙananan ƙwayoyin fata ana riga an bayyane su. A bara Na gwada berries na farko .. Launi fari ne, mai ɗanɗano, kaɗan.
Valery Gor//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=537&start=210
A cikin bazara na 2015 dasa 2 mulberries - "Dark-skinned" da "Black Baroness" gefe-gefe. Sun sami tushe sosai kuma sun yi girma da yawa a cikin shekara, amma suna daskarewa a cikin hunturu - Baroness at all, da Smuglyanka kusan zuwa ƙasa. A shekara ta 2016 mai zuwa, 5-6 ya harbe guda ɗaya da rabi tsayi daga girman hemp. A cikin hunturu, sun daskarewa da rabi. Tun da ba na son sa lokacin da bishiyoyi suka girma “tsintsiya”, na bar mafi ƙarfin harba, a yanka sauran. Kuma wannan ragowar ya zama ya zama taqaitaccen tsayi zuwa 80-90cm, saboda sauran sunyi sanyi. A wannan shekara 5-6 sababbin harbe-harbe sama da tsayi mita ɗaya da rabi sun yi girma daga wannan ƙaramin kara. Mafi girma kuma mafi iko ya riga ya girma 2m a tsawon. Haka kuma, shi ma rassa. I.e. harbin wannan shekara ya riga ya yanke rassan sassan, wasu har zuwa tsayin mita. Ba wai kawai reshe na tsakiya ba, har ma da ragowar harbe na wannan shekara.
volkoff//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=35195&st=80
Kowace shekara, ciyawa suna zama sananniyar al'adun gargajiya a tsakiyar Rasha. Tabbas, a cikin yanayin wannan yankin, yana buƙatar kulawa da yawa fiye da kudu. Amma duk kokarin da lambu zai yi fiye da lada tare da yalwar girbi na dadi da kuma lafiya sosai berries.
