Gatesofar ƙofa ko ragargajewa tana samun shahara tsakanin masu ci gaba masu zaman kansu, tunda duk abubuwan da suka zama dole don shigowar su a farashi mai araha sun bayyana a kasuwa. A farashi, ƙofofin juyawa suna, ba shakka, rahusa. Tsarin motsawa mai motsi yana da fa'ida a cikin tsarin motsa jiki da sauƙi na amfani. Kuna iya rage farashi ta hanyar tanadi kan ayyukan kamfanonin girke-girke ta hanyar buɗe ƙofofin ɓoye da hannayenku. Don yin wannan ba shi da wahala idan kun fahimci makircin, kalli koyaswar bidiyo, kuma kuyi shawara tare da ƙwararrun masu sana'a na gida. Don aiwatar da aikin, an sayi kit ɗin da aka shirya don ɗorawa ƙofofi masu ragowa na nau'in kayan wasan bidiyo, wanda ya haɗa da abubuwa biyu, tebur mai goyan baya daga bayanan mai fasalin U, manyan tarkuna da masu riƙewa. Taro da kafuwa da ƙirar ƙiraren ƙofofi ana yin su ne a wasu jerin.
Wannan bidiyon yana nuna tsarin aiwatar da shigar da qofar dake zamewa da hannunka. Bayan duba duk tambayoyin da aka gabatar a baya game da shigowar ƙofofi masu ratsa jiki zasu ɓace da kansu. Don haka kowane aiki a bayyane yake kuma a bayyane yake.
A takaice game da na'urar kulle ƙofofi
Da ke ƙasa akwai zane da jerin abubuwan farko na shirye-shiryen ƙofofin buɗe ido, waɗanda masana'antun ƙasashen waje da na gida suka gabatar da su a kasuwa.
Legend: 1. Jagorar mai nau'ikan U-dimbin yawa; 2. Gyaran daskararrun roba ko kayan kwalliya (guda biyu); 3. Mai cire ƙarshen abin ƙaya; 4. Mai ɗaukar hoto; 5. Babban catcher; 6. Mai riƙewa na sama tare da rollers (bracket); 7. Filato don gyara biyun rola
A kan ginin musamman wanda aka shirya musamman don shigarwa na ƙofofi masu zamewa, an saita mashi mai goyan bayan taya a wani ɗan nesa daga juna. Jagorar mai siffa U-dimbin yawa ana welded ko an goge shi zuwa ƙarshen gefen ƙarfe na ƙarfe na ganye ƙofar. Abun adaɗa ba kawai yana iya jure nauyin da yake faɗuwa akan su daga duka tsarin ba, har ma yana tabbatar da motsi kyauta. Ana aiwatar da saurin tallafin ta amfani da katako ko kwano na musamman da aka kafaffun ginannun ginin.
Eningaukar daɗaɗɗen abin nadi na tashar ƙarfe, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin tushe tare da kara ƙarfin ƙarfafawa, ana aiwatar dashi ta amfani da kusoshi ko waldi
Theofofin suna kan sandunan tayaya domin suna cikin katako mai ɗauke da sutturar U. Wannan tsari yana kare rollers daga gurbatawa, wanda ke shafar tsawon lokacin aikin su ba matsala. Sakamakon haka, ƙofofin suna sauƙaƙewa zuwa gefe, duka a cikin yanayin sarrafawa na hannu da kuma a cikin yanayin atomatik ta amfani da motar lantarki.
Mahimmanci! Gefen don ganye na ƙofar, a welded daga bututu mai bayanin martaba tare da girman 60x40x2 mm (babban firam) da 20x20x1.5 mm (lintels), ya kamata ya kasance mai tsayayye. Bayan duk wannan, ganyen ƙofar yana ƙarƙashin rinjayar abubuwan lodi, wanda zai iya zama mai mahimmanci. Canti din ma bai kamata ya zama za'a yiwa kowane lalacewa karkashin matsin nauyin sa ba.
Yawancin masana'antun suna aiki don samar da kayan haɗi don ƙyallen ƙofofi, daga cikin shahararrun akan kasuwar Rasha sune ROLTEK (St. Petersburg), CAME da Rolling-Center (Italiya), DOORHAN (Moscow).
Tsarin kayan aikin da ake buƙata don shigar da ƙofofi masu raɗaɗi sun kasu kashi uku bisa ga nauyin tsari da girman buɗewar cikin haske:
- ƙarami (har zuwa kilogiram 400 da har zuwa 4 m);
- matsakaici (har zuwa kilogiram 600 da har zuwa 6 m);
- babba (daga kilogiram 600 kuma daga 6 m).
Lokacin zabar kayan aikin da ya dace, suna bi da su da faɗin buɗewar toshe, tsayin kwali da jimlar nauyin tsarin duka.
Lokaci na shirye-shiryen - zubar da tushe
Aiki kan kafuwar ƙofofin buɗe ƙofofi yana farawa da alamar alamar warkarwa. A lokaci guda, tsawon ginin kwatankwacin daidai yake da rabin fa'idar wurin an aje shi daga gefen buɗe daga gefen ƙofar buɗewa. Girman harsashin ginin shine 40-50 cm. Lokacin da ake lissafin zurfin ramin, ana la'akari da matakin daskarewa ƙasa a yankin. A cikin Yankin Moscow, an dage ginin tare da zurfin 1.7 m, kuma a Siberiya - 2.5-3 m.
Daga tashar 18 da kuma ƙarfafawa (d 12), ana yin sashin jinginar gida, tare da haɗa dukkan sassan ta hanyar waldi daidai da makircin. Dole ne ayi amfani da tashar don ƙarfafa ƙarfi da tsauraran ginin ƙarƙashin ginin. Lowarancin ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda aka yi amfani da shi don samar da tashoshi yana iya yin tsayayya da tasirin ƙarancin zafi kuma baya iya kamuwa da lalata. Tsawon tashar blank ya yi daidai da rabin nisan buɗewar. An lissafta tsawon sandunan ƙarfafa a tsaye daga yanayin da yakamata su tafi ƙarƙashin zurfin daskarewa na ƙasa.
Filin da aka sakawa an ɗaure shi daga tashoshi 18 da sanduna masu ƙarfafawa, diamita wanda shine 12 mm. Ana iya maye gurbin kayan haɗin tare da kusurwoyin ƙarfe.
Haɗa sandunan da ke tsaye tare da tsummokin ƙarfe, an samo siginan ƙarfafa mai ƙarfi, wanda aka saukar da shi cikin maɓallin da aka shirya don zuba harsashin. A baya, ana zubar da yashi a ƙasan maɓuɓɓugar, wanda aka haɗa a hankali.
Mahimmanci! Matasan tushe dole ne su dace da matakin. Tabbatarwar ya zama mafi girma sama da 5 cm, saboda babu matsaloli lokacin aiki ƙofar a cikin hunturu.
Kafin zuba harsashin, duba kwance a keken mai karfafa ta amfani da matakin ginin. Yayin daidaitawa, an kuma tabbatar cewa madaidaicin madaidaicin tashar karfe yana daidai da layin shinge.
Idan kuna shirin shigar da tuki don sarrafa kansa ta qofofin daki, sannan a matakin saukar da ginin, an sanya wayoyi, tare da boye su a cikin bututu na musamman. An zaɓi wurin fita daga kunshin waya dangane da wurin da aka tsara na drive ɗin lantarki. Yawanci, an sanya kayan aiki a tsakiyar tushe.
An saukar da keji mai karfi a cikin maɓuɓɓug ɗin da aka shirya don tushe. Jirgin saman tashar karfe yana daidai da matakin hanyar
Don cike ginin, an cakuda matattarar kankare na jaka 4-5 na ciminti M400, dutse mai ƙyalli (0.3 cubic cub) na yashi (mita 0,5). Tushen da aka zubar an bar shi kawai don kwanaki 3-5, a lokacin da kwanon zai sami ƙarfin da ya dace. Bayan ƙayyadadden lokaci, sai su fara shigar da ƙofofi masu zamewa.
Mataki na shigarwa mataki-mataki-mataki
Yi alama layin motsi na ƙofar tare da igiya da aka shimfiɗa tare da buɗewa, sanya shi a tsayi 200 mm daga farfajiyar hanyar kuma nesa nesa daga 30 mm daga ginshiƙi. A wannan igiyar zaka iya daidaita matsayin martabar mai tallafi (katako).
Shirya keken guragu don shigarwa kuma saka su akai-akai a cikin katako mai tallafi na talla. Daga nan sai a tura motan zuwa tsakiyar ƙofar. Sanya ganye a ƙofar tare da abin da aka yi wa roƙon rola a cikin bayanin martaba akan tashar ƙarfe na tsarin da aka saka. Sanya abin da ya sa na farko da na biyu a wuraren da aka yi alama, kuma daidaita kofofin domin su kasance daidai da igiyar da aka shimfiɗa kuma taɓa shi.
Shiga motocin juyi zuwa tashar
Weld ɗin daidaitawa na goyon bayan abin nadi na biyu zuwa tashar. Bayan an yi birgima ƙofar cikin budewa zuwa ƙarshen ƙarewa kuma da bincika matsayin kwance a yanar gizo, za a yi gyaran kafaɗa na tallafi na farko.
- Cire murfin ƙyallen kofa daga maɗaurin abin nadi.
- Cire kayan tallafin kansu daga murfin daidaitawa.
- Bayan waldi tare da kwane-kwane, saika sanya madaidaicin gyaran madaidaicin zuwa sashin da ke cikin ƙarfe.
- Enarar da madaidaiciya da abin roba zuwa welded matakin pads.
- Zamar da zaran takaddar ƙofa mai zamewa a jikin dutsen masu riƙewa.
- Sanya ƙofar a cikin rufaffiyar wuri kuma daidaita daidaitaccen matsayi na jirgin sama na bayanin martaba mai goyan baya. Don yin wannan, ɗaga ko ƙananan murfin wuyan daidaitawa tare da juna ta amfani da wirin.
Shigar da mai ɗaukar motsi na gaban abin hawa yana gudana ne da mm 150 daga gefen ƙofar, saboda idan an buɗe su gabaɗaya, ƙarshen abin zai ɓaci akan tallafin.
Mahimmanci! Zai yuwu a ba da wuri a kwance ga ƙofar kawai idan sun kasance cikin yanayin rufe.
Gyaran kyauta mai kyauta
Daidaita matsayi na abin nadi na rola a cikin bayanan tallafi. Don yin wannan, dan ɗanɗaɗa ƙananan ƙwayoyin na sama wanda ke ɗaukar abubuwan ɗaukar nauyin abin hannu zuwa ga katunan daidaitawa. Rufe kuma buɗe ƙofa, mirgine su daga gefe zuwa ƙarshen, sau da yawa. A wannan yanayin, abin ɗaukar motsi na iya ɗaukar madaidaicin matsayi a cikin bayanan tallafi, wanda ƙofar take motsawa cikin sauƙi da yardar kaina. Bayan da aka gyara wasan kyauta, sai a tsaftace manya-manyan kwalayen rola da karfi.
Hawan ƙarshen abin nadi da matsosai
Bayan haka, an sanya madaidaiciya abin hawa, kazalika da filogi don bayanin martaba mai ɗauka. Don wannan, an saka madaidaiciyar maƙarar wuta a cikin bayanan martaba na U-mai tallafawa, sanya shi a gefen gaban ƙofar ganye, kuma an saita ɓangaren tare da gyaran kusoshi.
Ana tallafin furofayil mai tallafawa a saiti na ƙofofin buɗe ƙofofi daga bayan takarda. Wannan rukunin yana hana bayanin martaba baya kasancewa tare da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu, wanda ke hana ƙofar yin rudani.
Lokacin shigar da babban sashin ƙarfe, ana iya amfani dashi don gyara duka anga da waldi. Rocketrs rollers sa mai bayan shigarwa don mafi kyawun haske
Don shigar da babbar hanyar jagorar sama, toshe hanyoyin da ke ɗaure kayanta. Sannan an sanya suturar a saman murfin ƙofar ta hanyar da rollers ke taɓa saman gefen ganye, ƙungiyar tare da ramuka da aka bayar don ɗaukar jigon suna zuwa kan shafi na tallafi. Latsa sashin ƙarfe zuwa saman ɓangaren tallafi, gyara ɓangaren tare da ɗaure.
Rufe takardar ƙofar tare da takardar ƙwararru
Bayan ci gaba zuwa sheathing firam firam na ƙofar tare da takardar profiled, a yanka a tsayi kuma nisa zuwa girman da ake so. Shigarwa da takaddun takarda yana farawa daga gaban ƙofar. Ana ɗaure takalmin tare da rewsara bulalan kai ko rivets. Kowace takarda mai zuwa shessing yana sama akan takarda daya da aka yi a baya.
A matsayin kayan don rufe ƙofofi masu nunin faifai, takarda da aka fi amfani da ita ana yawan amfani da ita, wanda ke cike da abubuwan da ke ƙirƙira abubuwa waɗanda ke ba da ginin mai kyan gani da kyawun gani
Sanya tarkuna: me yasa kuma ta yaya?
Ofaya daga cikin matakan ƙarshe na shigar da shirye-shiryen ginannun ƙofofi masu rairayawa shine shigarwa na masu kama. Traparamin tarko, an shigar dashi tare da ƙofar da aka cika cike, yana ba ku damar cire nauyin daga ɓangaren rola lokacin da aka rufe mashin. Don ƙayyade matsayin ƙananan tarko, ya zama dole a rufe ƙofar kuma a haɗa shi tare da ƙarshen abin nadi.
Babban tarko yana ba ku damar kiyaye ganye daga ƙofar a cikin rufaffiyar yanayi daga juyawa yayin aikin lodi. Ana shigar da tarkon na sama a matakin sasanninta masu kariya, kuma a cikin kullen rufe su ya kamata (kusurwoyi) ya taɓa kwarjinin babban tarkon.
Ka'idoji don aiki da kai da kansa
A mataki na karshe, ana aiwatar da shigar da aiki da injina, idan da farko an shirya wannan zabin. Ana aiwatar da motsi na ganyen ƙyallen faƙo tare da taimakon racks, abubuwan sayar da tsayi-tsaran mita tare tare da ɗaure. Reiki an haɗe su da bayanin tallafi. Lokacin shigar da ƙofofi masu zamewa ta atomatik tare da hannuwanku, ya kamata ku sani cewa ban da ramuƙan kaya, zaku buƙaci injin lantarki, iko mai nisa, fitilar bera da maɓalli. An shigar da komai a cikakke daidai da buƙatun umarnin da aka haɗe zuwa kayan don sarrafa kai tsaye na motsi na ƙofar. Idan kuna fuskantar wata matsala, zaku iya tuntuɓar ƙwararren masanin lantarki.
Kamar yadda kake gani, zaku iya jurewa da shigar da ƙofofin ragowa a kanku. Koyaya, wannan tsari ba za'a iya kira mai sauki ba. Ba wai kawai ilimi ba, har ma ana buƙatar ƙoƙarin jiki. Sabili da haka, yawancin masu ci gaba masu zaman kansu sun fi so su yarda da shigowar ƙofofin ƙorafin ƙwararru ga kwararru.
